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Studenova A, Forster C, Engemann DA, Hensch T, Sanders C, Mauche N, Hegerl U, Loffler M, Villringer A, Nikulin V. Event-related modulation of alpha rhythm explains the auditory P300-evoked response in EEG. eLife 2023; 12:RP88367. [PMID: 38038725 PMCID: PMC10691803 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Evoked responses and oscillations represent two major electrophysiological phenomena in the human brain yet the link between them remains rather obscure. Here we show how most frequently studied EEG signals: the P300-evoked response and alpha oscillations (8-12 Hz) can be linked with the baseline-shift mechanism. This mechanism states that oscillations generate evoked responses if oscillations have a non-zero mean and their amplitude is modulated by the stimulus. Therefore, the following predictions should hold: (1) the temporal evolution of P300 and alpha amplitude is similar, (2) spatial localisations of the P300 and alpha amplitude modulation overlap, (3) oscillations are non-zero mean, (4) P300 and alpha amplitude correlate with cognitive scores in a similar fashion. To validate these predictions, we analysed the data set of elderly participants (N=2230, 60-82 years old), using (a) resting-state EEG recordings to quantify the mean of oscillations, (b) the event-related data, to extract parameters of P300 and alpha rhythm amplitude envelope. We showed that P300 is indeed linked to alpha rhythm, according to all four predictions. Our results provide an unifying view on the interdependency of evoked responses and neuronal oscillations and suggest that P300, at least partly, is generated by the modulation of alpha oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Studenova
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzigGermany
- Max Planck School of CognitionLeipzigGermany
| | - Carina Forster
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzigGermany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Charité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Denis Alexander Engemann
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzigGermany
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann–La Roche Ltd.BaselSwitzerland
| | - Tilman Hensch
- LIFE – Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Department of Psychology, IU International University of Applied SciencesErfurtGermany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical CenterLeipzigGermany
| | - Christian Sanders
- LIFE – Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical CenterLeipzigGermany
| | - Nicole Mauche
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical CenterLeipzigGermany
| | - Ulrich Hegerl
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Goethe University FrankfurtFrankfurtGermany
| | - Markus Loffler
- LIFE – Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), University of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Arno Villringer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzigGermany
- Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Vadim Nikulin
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzigGermany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience BerlinBerlinGermany
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Cai J, Xu M, Cai H, Jiang Y, Zheng X, Sun H, Sun Y, Sun Y. Task Cortical Connectivity Reveals Different Network Reorganizations between Mild Stroke Patients with Cortical and Subcortical Lesions. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1143. [PMID: 37626499 PMCID: PMC10452233 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13081143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating efforts have been made to investigate cognitive impairment in stroke patients, but little has been focused on mild stroke. Research on the impact of mild stroke and different lesion locations on cognitive impairment is still limited. To investigate the underlying mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction in mild stroke at different lesion locations, electroencephalograms (EEGs) were recorded in three groups (40 patients with cortical stroke (CS), 40 patients with subcortical stroke (SS), and 40 healthy controls (HC)) during a visual oddball task. Power envelope connectivity (PEC) was constructed based on EEG source signals, followed by graph theory analysis to quantitatively assess functional brain network properties. A classification framework was further applied to explore the feasibility of PEC in the identification of mild stroke. The results showed worse behavioral performance in the patient groups, and PECs with significant differences among three groups showed complex distribution patterns in frequency bands and the cortex. In the delta band, the global efficiency was significantly higher in HC than in CS (p = 0.011), while local efficiency was significantly increased in SS than in CS (p = 0.038). In the beta band, the small-worldness was significantly increased in HC compared to CS (p = 0.004). Moreover, the satisfactory classification results (76.25% in HC vs. CS, and 80.00% in HC vs. SS) validate the potential of PECs as a biomarker in the detection of mild stroke. Our findings offer some new quantitative insights into the complex mechanisms of cognitive impairment in mild stroke at different lesion locations, which may facilitate post-stroke cognitive rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaye Cai
- Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310020, China; (J.C.); (H.C.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.); (Y.S.)
| | - Mengru Xu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Huaying Cai
- Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310020, China; (J.C.); (H.C.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yun Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310020, China; (J.C.); (H.C.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.); (Y.S.)
| | - Xu Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310020, China; (J.C.); (H.C.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.); (Y.S.)
| | - Hongru Sun
- Department of Electrocardiogram, Dongyang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Dongyang 322100, China;
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310020, China; (J.C.); (H.C.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.); (Y.S.)
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory for Brain-Computer Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310020, China; (J.C.); (H.C.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.); (Y.S.)
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Sanchez-Lopez J, Savazzi S, Pedersini CA, Cardobi N, Marzi CA. Neural bases of unconscious orienting of attention in hemianopic patients: Hemispheric differences. Cortex 2020; 127:269-289. [PMID: 32251902 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to study the behavioral and neurophysiological correlates of visual attention orientation to unseen stimuli presented to the blind hemifield of hemianopic patients, and the existence of hemispheric differences for this kind of unconscious attention. Behaviorally, by using a Posner paradigm, we found a significant attention effect in speed of response to unseen stimuli similar to that observed in the sighted hemifield and in healthy participants for visible stimuli. Moreover, event-related potential (ERP) and oscillatory attention-related activity were present following stimulus presentation to the blind hemifield. Importantly, in patients this pattern of activity was different as a function of the side of the brain lesion: Left damaged patients showed attention-related ERP and oscillatory activity broadly similar to that found in healthy participants. In contrast, right damaged patients showed a radically different pattern. These data confirm and extend to neurophysiological mechanisms the existence of unconscious visual orienting and are in keeping with a right hemisphere dominance for both unconscious and conscious attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Sanchez-Lopez
- Psychology and Physiology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Silvia Savazzi
- Psychology and Physiology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Perception and Awareness (PandA) Laboratory, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; National Institute of Neuroscience, Verona, Italy.
| | - Caterina A Pedersini
- Psychology and Physiology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Nicolò Cardobi
- Psychology and Physiology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Carlo A Marzi
- Psychology and Physiology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; National Institute of Neuroscience, Verona, Italy.
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4
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Multiple evoked and induced alpha modulations in a visual attention task: Latency, amplitude and topographical profiles. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223055. [PMID: 31557253 PMCID: PMC6762083 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha event-related desynchronization (ERD) has been widely applied to understand the psychophysiological role of this band in cognition. In particular, a considerable number of publications have described spectral alterations in several pathologies using this time-frequency approach. However, ERD is not capable of specifically showing nonphase (induced) activity related to the presentation of stimuli. Recent studies have described an evoked and induced activity in the early phases (first 200 ms) of stimulus processing. However, scarce studies have analyzed induced and evoked modulations in longer latencies (>200 ms) and their potential roles in cognitive processing. The main goal of the present study was to analyze diverse evoked and induced modulations in response to visual stimuli. Thus, 58-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded in 21 healthy subjects during the performance of a visual attention task, and analyses were performed for both target and standard stimuli. The initial result showed that phase-locked and nonphase locked activities coexist in the early processing of target and standard stimuli as has been reported by previous studies. However, more modulations were evident in longer latencies in both evoked and induced activities. Correlation analyses suggest that similar maps were present for evoked and induced activities at different timepoints. In the discussion section, diverse proposals will be stated to define the potential roles of these modulations in the information processing for this cognitive task. As a general conclusion, induced activity enables the observation of cognitive mechanisms that are not visible by ERD or ERP modulations.
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Wolff A, Gomez-Pilar J, Nakao T, Northoff G. Interindividual neural differences in moral decision-making are mediated by alpha power and delta/theta phase coherence. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4432. [PMID: 30872647 PMCID: PMC6418194 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40743-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As technology in Artificial Intelligence has developed, the question of how to program driverless cars to respond to an emergency has arisen. It was recently shown that approval of the consequential behavior of driverless cars varied with the number of lives saved and showed interindividual differences, with approval increasing alongside the number of lives saved. In the present study, interindividual differences in individualized moral decision-making at both the behavioral and neural level were investigated using EEG. It was found that alpha event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) and delta/theta phase-locking - intertrial coherence (ITC) and phase-locking value (PLV) - play a central role in mediating interindividual differences in Moral decision-making. In addition, very late alpha activity differences between individualized and shared stimuli, and delta/theta ITC, where shown to be closely related to reaction time and subjectively perceived emotional distress. This demonstrates that interindividual differences in Moral decision-making are mediated neuronally by various markers - late alpha ERSP, and delta/theta ITC - as well as psychologically by reaction time and perceived emotional distress. Our data show, for the first time, how and according to which neuronal and behavioral measures interindividual differences in Moral dilemmas can be measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Wolff
- Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Javier Gomez-Pilar
- Biomedical Engineering Group, Higher Technical School of Telecommunications Engineering, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Takashi Nakao
- Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Education, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Georg Northoff
- Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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6
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Gómez CM, Barriga-Paulino CI, Rodríguez-Martínez EI, Rojas-Benjumea MÁ, Arjona A, Gómez-González J. The neurophysiology of working memory development: from childhood to adolescence and young adulthood. Rev Neurosci 2018; 29:261-282. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWorking memory (WM) is an important cognitive function that is necessary to perform our daily activities. The present review briefly describes the most accepted models underlying WM and the neural networks involved in its processing. The review focuses on how the neurophysiological mechanisms develop with age in the periods from childhood to adolescence and young adulthood. Studies using behavioral, neuroimaging, and electrophysiological techniques showed the progress of WM throughout the development. The present review focuses on the neurophysiology of the basic processes underlying WM operations, as indicated by electroencephalogram-derived signals, in order to take advantage of the excellent time resolution of this technique. Children and adults use similar cerebral mechanisms and areas to encode, recognize, and keep the stimuli in memory and update the WM contents, although adults rely more on anterior sites. The possibility that a functional reorganization of WM brain processing occurs around the adolescent period is suggested, and would partly justify the high prevalence of the emergence of mental pathology in the adolescent period.
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Frenken M, Berti S. Exploring the switching of the focus of attention within working memory: A combined event-related potential and behavioral study. Int J Psychophysiol 2018; 126:30-41. [PMID: 29476873 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Working memory enables humans to maintain selected information for cognitive processes and ensures instant access to the memorized contents. Theories suggest that switching the focus of attention between items within working memory realizes the access. This is reflected in object-switching costs in response times when the item for the task processing is to be changed. Another correlate of attentional allocation in working memory is the P3a-component of the human event-related potential. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that switching of attention within working memory is a separable processing step. Participants completed a cued memory-updating task in which they were instructed to update one memory item at a time out of a memory list of four digits by applying a mathematical operation indicated by a target sign. The hypotheses predicted (1) prolonged updating times in switch (different item compared to previous trial) versus repetition trials (same item), (2) an influence of cues (valid/neutral) presented before the mathematical target on switching costs, and (3) that the P3a-component is more pronounced in the cue-target interval in the valid cue condition and more pronounced in the post-target interval in the neutral cue condition. A student's t-test verified the first hypothesis, repeated-measurement analyses of variance demonstrated that hypotheses 2 and 3 should be rejected. Results suggest that switching of attention within working memory could not be separated from further processing steps and retro-cue benefits are not due to a head start of retrieval as well as that switch costs represent internal processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Frenken
- Institute for Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Stefan Berti
- Institute for Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
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8
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Chen Q, Liang X, Peng X, Liu Y, Lei Y, Li H. The modulation of causal contexts in motion processes judgment as revealed by P2 and P3. Biol Psychol 2016; 123:141-154. [PMID: 27836625 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The evoked response potential (ERP) procedure was used to investigate the representation of motion processes in different causal contexts, such as the collision of two squares or the repulsion of two magnets with like poles facing. Participants were required to judge whether each movement was plausible according to the causal context depicted by the cover story. Three main differences after the movement of the second object were found. First, the amplitudes at 70-170ms (N1) and 170-370ms (P2) elicited by a no-contact condition were more negative than a contact condition in the square context, whereas larger N1 and more positive amplitudes at 370-670ms were elicited by a no-contact condition in the magnet context. Second, larger P2 and more positive amplitudes at 370-670ms were elicited by inconsistent direction relative to consistent condition in the square context, whereas smaller N1 and more positive amplitudes at 370-670ms were elicited by inconsistent direction in the magnet context. Finally, larger P2 and more negative amplitudes at 370-470ms were elicited by plausible conditions relative to implausible conditions in a square context, whereas larger N1 and more positive amplitudes at 370-670ms were elicited by plausible conditions in the magnet context. These results suggested that the conceptual knowledge with different causal contexts have distinct effects on the judgment of objects interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfei Chen
- Research Centre for Brain Function and Psychological Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China; China Center for Special Economic Zone Research, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Xiuling Liang
- Research Centre for Brain Function and Psychological Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Xiaozhe Peng
- Research Centre for Brain Function and Psychological Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116829, China
| | - Yi Lei
- Research Centre for Brain Function and Psychological Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Hong Li
- Research Centre for Brain Function and Psychological Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Center for Language and Brain, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen 518057, China
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9
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Cue validity probability influences neural processing of targets. Biol Psychol 2016; 119:171-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Li K, Liu YJ, Qu F, Fu X. Neural activity associated with attention orienting triggered by implied action cues. Brain Res 2016; 1642:353-363. [PMID: 27067186 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Spatial attention can be directed by the actions of others. We used ERPs method to investigate the neural underpins associated with attention orienting which is induced by implied body action. Participants performed a standard non-predictive cuing task, in which a directional implied action (throwing and running) or non-action (standing) cue was randomly presented and then followed by a target to the left or right of the central cue, despite cue direction. The cue-triggered ERPs results demonstrated that implied action cues, rather than the non-action cue, could shift the observers' spatial attention as demonstrated by the robust anterior directing attention negativity (ADAN) effects in throwing and running cues. Further, earlier N1 (100-170ms) and P2 (170-260ms) waveform differences occurred between implied action and non-action cues over posterior electrodes. The P2 component might reflect implied motion signal perception of implied action cues, and this implied motion perception might play an important role in facilitating the attentional shifts induced by implied action cues. Target-triggered ERPs data (mainly P3a component) indicated that implied action cues (throwing and running) speeded and enhanced the responses to valid targets compared to invalid targets. Furthermore, P3a might imply that implied action orienting may share similar mechanisms of action with voluntary attention, especially at the novel stimuli processing decision-level. These results further support previous behavioral findings that implied body actions direct spatial attention and extend our understanding about the nature of the attentional shifts that are elicited by implied action cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong-Jin Liu
- Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology, Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fangbing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaolan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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11
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Shen D, Ross B, Alain C. Temporal cuing modulates alpha oscillations during auditory attentional blink. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 44:1833-45. [PMID: 27152668 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Attentional blink (AB) refers to the phenomenon whereby the correct identification of a visual or auditory target impairs processing of a subsequent probe. Although it has been shown that knowing in advance, when the probe would be presented, reduces the attentional blink and increases the amplitude of event-related potential (ERP) elicited by the probe, the neural mechanism by which attention mitigates the AB remains unclear. Here, we used time-frequency analysis to further explore the mechanism of the auditory attentional blink. Participants were presented a series of rapid auditory stimuli and asked to indicate whether a target and a probe were present in the sequence. In half of the trials, participants were cued to the probe position relative to the target ('Early' or 'Late'). Probe detection and ERP amplitude elicited by the probe decreased when the probe was presented shortly after the target compared to when it was presented later after the target. Importantly, the behavioral and ERP correlates of probe discrimination significantly improved when the 'Early' cue was presented. The improvement in processing the probe in the cued condition was accompanied by the decrease in alpha activity (8-13 Hz) after the time when the probe was expected; suggesting that successfully directing attention to time window where the probe would likely occur reduces the processing resources needed to suppress distractors. This in turn freed up available processing resources for the target and probe at the short-term consolidation stage, which ultimately reduced the auditory attentional blink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Shen
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - Bernhard Ross
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Claude Alain
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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12
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Hansen TM, Graversen C, Frøkjaer JB, Olesen AE, Valeriani M, Drewes AM. Single-sweep spectral analysis of contact heat evoked potentials: a novel approach to identify altered cortical processing after morphine treatment. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 79:926-36. [PMID: 25556985 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The cortical response to nociceptive thermal stimuli recorded as contact heat evoked potentials (CHEPs) may be altered by morphine. However, previous studies have averaged CHEPs over multiple stimuli, which are confounded by jitter between sweeps. Thus, the aim was to assess single-sweep characteristics to identify alterations induced by morphine. METHODS In a crossover study 15 single-sweep CHEPs were analyzed from 62 electroencephalography electrodes in 26 healthy volunteers before and after administration of morphine or placebo. Each sweep was decomposed by a continuous wavelet transform to obtain normalized spectral indices in the delta (0.5-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha (8-12 Hz), beta (12-32 Hz) and gamma (32-80 Hz) bands. The average distribution over all sweeps and channels was calculated for the four recordings for each volunteer, and the two recordings before treatments were assessed for reproducibility. Baseline corrected spectral indices after morphine and placebo treatments were compared to identify alterations induced by morphine. RESULTS Reproducibility between baseline CHEPs was demonstrated. As compared with placebo, morphine decreased the spectral indices in the delta and theta bands by 13% (P = 0.04) and 9% (P = 0.007), while the beta and gamma bands were increased by 10% (P = 0.006) and 24% (P = 0.04). CONCLUSION The decreases in the delta and theta band are suggested to represent a decrease in the pain specific morphology of the CHEPs, which indicates a diminished pain response after morphine administration. Hence, assessment of spectral indices in single-sweep CHEPs can be used to study cortical mechanisms induced by morphine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine M Hansen
- Mech-Sense, Department of Radiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Carina Graversen
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jens B Frøkjaer
- Mech-Sense, Department of Radiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anne E Olesen
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Massimiliano Valeriani
- Division of Neurology, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction (SMI), Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Asbjørn M Drewes
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction (SMI), Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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13
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Olesen AE, Olofsen E, Andresen T, Graversen C, Drewes AM, Dahan A. Stochastic Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Analysis of the Effect of Transdermal Buprenorphine on Electroencephalogram and Analgesia. Anesth Analg 2016; 121:1165-75. [PMID: 26372412 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000000939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The analgesic effect of opioids is often based on subjective one dimensional measurements. Electroencephalography (EEG) offers a possibility to objectively quantify the brain's activity before and after the administration of opioids. The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PKPD) properties of the buprenorphine transdermal patch on resting EEG and pain tolerance. METHOD Twenty-two healthy male subjects (mean age 23.1 ± 3.8 years) were studied. They received a 144-hour buprenorphine (20 μg/h) or placebo transdermal patch in this experimental, randomized, crossover, double-blind study. Skin heat pain tolerance was measured on the arm before the recordings of resting EEG. From the EEG, the ratio of slow and fast oscillations was calculated for further analysis. A population PKPD model with a stochastic differential equation for drug absorption from the patch was used to analyze the PK and PD data simultaneously by use of the statistical analysis package NONMEM. RESULTS Buprenorphine increased EEG ratio (P = 0.0006) and skin pain tolerance (P = 0.0008) compared with placebo. The stochastic model adequately characterized the concentration-time and effect-time courses for both the skin heat stimulation and the resting EEG outcomes with variations in the drug's absorption rate during the 144-hour treatment period. As measured by the potency parameter, the EEG effect was 10 ± 3 (median ± SE) times more sensitive to buprenorphine than the skin pain test. CONCLUSIONS Using a stochastic PKPD analysis, the effect of a 144-hour buprenorphine patch application on resting EEG and skin pain tolerance was quantified successfully. Both end points were affected by buprenorphine, although the resting EEG was more sensitive to buprenorphine. The stochastic PKPD analysis allowed the computation of a time-dependent variability in drug absorption from patch to blood. The data suggest that the resting EEG is an attractive and objective alternative for assessing opioid effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Estrup Olesen
- From the *Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; †Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; ‡Department of Anesthesiology, Leiden University Medical Center, RC Leiden, The Netherlands; and §Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Rojas-Benjumea MÁ, Sauqué-Poggio AM, Barriga-Paulino CI, Rodríguez-Martínez EI, Gómez CM. Development of behavioral parameters and ERPs in a novel-target visual detection paradigm in children, adolescents and young adults. Behav Brain Funct 2015; 11:22. [PMID: 26141640 PMCID: PMC4491272 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-015-0067-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study analyzes the development of ERPs related to the process of selecting targets based on their novelty. METHODS One hundred and sixty-seven subjects from 6 to 26 years old were recorded with 30 electrodes during a visual target novelty paradigm. RESULTS Behavioral results showed good performance in children that improved with age: a decrease in RTs and errors and an increase in the d' sensitivity parameter with age were obtained. In addition, the C response bias parameter evolved from a conservative to a neutral bias with age. Fronto-polar Selection Positivity (FSP) was statistically significant in all the age groups when standards and targets were compared. There was a statistically significant difference in the posterior Selection Negativity (SN) between the target and standard conditions in all age groups. The P3a component obtained was statistically significant in the emergent adult (18-21 years) and young adult (22-26 years) groups. The modulation of the P3b component by novel targets was statistically significant in all the age groups, but it decreased in amplitude with age. Peak latencies of the FSP and P3b components decreased with age. CONCLUSIONS The results reveal differences in the ERP indexes for the cognitive evaluation of the stimuli presented, depending on the age of the subjects. The ability of the target condition to induce the modulation of the studied components would depend on the posterior-anterior gradient of cortex maturation and on the gradient of maturation of the low to higher order association areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana María Sauqué-Poggio
- Human Psychobiology Laboratory, Experimental Psychology Department, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Catarina I Barriga-Paulino
- Human Psychobiology Laboratory, Experimental Psychology Department, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Elena I Rodríguez-Martínez
- Human Psychobiology Laboratory, Experimental Psychology Department, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carlos M Gómez
- Human Psychobiology Laboratory, Experimental Psychology Department, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain.
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15
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Wang CH, Liang WK, Tseng P, Muggleton NG, Juan CH, Tsai CL. The relationship between aerobic fitness and neural oscillations during visuo-spatial attention in young adults. Exp Brain Res 2014; 233:1069-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-014-4182-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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16
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Graversen C, Malver LP, Kurita GP, Staahl C, Christrup LL, Sjøgren P, Drewes AM. Altered Frequency Distribution in the Electroencephalogram is Correlated to the Analgesic Effect of Remifentanil. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2014; 116:414-22. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carina Graversen
- Mech-Sense; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Aalborg University Hospital; Aalborg Denmark
| | - Lasse P. Malver
- Mech-Sense; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Aalborg University Hospital; Aalborg Denmark
| | - Geana P. Kurita
- The Multidisciplinary Pain Centre; Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
- Section of Palliative Medicine; Department of Oncology; Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Camilla Staahl
- Mech-Sense; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Aalborg University Hospital; Aalborg Denmark
| | - Lona L. Christrup
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Per Sjøgren
- Section of Palliative Medicine; Department of Oncology; Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Asbjørn M. Drewes
- Mech-Sense; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Aalborg University Hospital; Aalborg Denmark
- Center for Sensory-Motor Interactions (SMI); Department of Health Science and Technology; Aalborg University; Aalborg Denmark
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17
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Electrophysiological correlates of attention networks in childhood and early adulthood. Neuropsychologia 2014; 57:78-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Ertl M, Hildebrandt M, Ourina K, Leicht G, Mulert C. Emotion regulation by cognitive reappraisal — The role of frontal theta oscillations. Neuroimage 2013; 81:412-421. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Zhang E, Luo J, Zhang J, Wang Y, Zhong J, Li Q. Neural mechanisms of shifts of spatial attention induced by object words with spatial associations: an ERP study. Exp Brain Res 2013; 227:199-209. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-013-3500-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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20
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Zhu Y, Qian X, Yang Y, Leng Y. The influence of explicit conceptual knowledge on perception of physical motions: An ERP study. Neurosci Lett 2013; 541:253-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Revised: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Graversen C, Olesen SS, Olesen AE, Steimle K, Farina D, Wilder-Smith OHG, Bouwense SAW, van Goor H, Drewes AM. The analgesic effect of pregabalin in patients with chronic pain is reflected by changes in pharmaco-EEG spectral indices. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2012; 73:363-72. [PMID: 21950372 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2011.04104.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To identify electroencephalographic (EEG) biomarkers for the analgesic effect of pregabalin in patients with chronic visceral pain. METHODS This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 31 patients suffering from visceral pain due to chronic pancreatitis. Patients received increasing doses of pregabalin (75mg-300mg twice a day) or matching placebo during 3 weeks of treatment. Pain scores were documented in a diary based on a visual analogue scale. In addition, brief pain inventory-short form (BPI) and quality of life questionnaires were collected prior to and after the study period. Multi-channel resting EEG was recorded before treatment onset and at the end of the study. Changes in EEG spectral indices were extracted, and individual changes were classified by a support vector machine (SVM) to discriminate the pregabalin and placebo responses. Changes in individual spectral indices and pain scores were correlated. RESULTS Pregabalin increased normalized intensity in low spectral indices, most prominent in the theta band (3.5-7.5Hz), difference of -3.18, 95% CI -3.57, -2.80; P= 0.03. No changes in spectral indices were seen for placebo. The maximum difference between pregabalin and placebo treated patients was seen in the parietal region, with a classification accuracy of 85.7% (P= 0.009). Individual changes in EEG indices were correlated with changes in pain diary (P= 0.04) and BPI pain composite scores (P= 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Changes in spectral indices caused by slowing of brain oscillations were identified as a biomarker for the central analgesic effect of pregabalin. The developed methodology may provide perspectives to assess individual responses to treatment in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Graversen
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology, Aalborg Hospital, Aarhus University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Graversen C, Brock C, Drewes AM, Farina D. Combined multivariate matching pursuit and support vector machine: a way forward to classify single-sweep evoked potentials? ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2012; 2011:3310-3. [PMID: 22255047 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2011.6090898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Evoked brain potentials averaged over multiple sweeps provide a valuable objective measure of abnormal pain processing due to sensitization of the central nervous system. However, the average procedure cancel out important information regarding phase resetting and non-phase locked oscillations. Hence, assessment of the pain processing could be optimized by analyzing single-sweeps. To develop improved methods to assess single-sweeps, we applied a new approach in one healthy volunteer participating in a placebo controlled study of widespread hyperalgesia induced by perfusion of acid and capsaicin in the esophagus. The evoked potentials were recorded during electrical stimulations in the rectosigmoid colon. Features from the single-sweeps were extracted by a multivariate matching pursuit algorithm with Gabor atoms, and features were discriminated by a support vector machine with a linear kernel. The classification performance for the optimal number of atoms was 95% when discriminating the sensitization response from the placebo response, which was above change level compared to the performance when discriminating the two baseline responses (P < 0.001). The discriminative capacity was increased power in the delta, theta, and alpha frequency bands. This result corresponds to previous characteristics seen in chronic pain patients who exhibit central sensitization. The new approach to classify single-sweeps on a single subject basis might in the future prove to be a useful tool in assessing mechanisms in central sensitization, and could be applied to improve enriched enrollment of study subjects in clinical trial units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Graversen
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology & Radiology, Aalborg Hospital, DK-9100 Aalborg, Denmark.
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Graversen C, Brock C, Drewes AM, Farina D. Biomarkers for visceral hypersensitivity identified by classification of electroencephalographic frequency alterations. J Neural Eng 2011; 8:056014. [DOI: 10.1088/1741-2560/8/5/056014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Darriba A, Pazo-Álvarez P, Capilla A, Amenedo E. Oscillatory brain activity in the time frequency domain associated to change blindness and change detection awareness. J Cogn Neurosci 2011; 24:337-50. [PMID: 21671737 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Despite the importance of change detection (CD) for visual perception and for performance in our environment, observers often miss changes that should be easily noticed. In the present study, we employed time-frequency analysis to investigate the neural activity associated with CD and change blindness (CB). Observers were presented with two successive visual displays and had to look for a change in orientation in any one of four sinusoid gratings between both displays. Theta power increased widely over the scalp after the second display when a change was consciously detected. Relative to no-change and CD, CB was associated with a pronounced theta power enhancement at parietal-occipital and occipital sites and broadly distributed alpha power suppression during the processing of the prechange display. Finally, power suppressions in the beta band following the second display show that, even when a change is not consciously detected, it might be represented to a certain degree. These results show the potential of time-frequency analysis to deepen our knowledge of the temporal curse of the neural events underlying CD. The results further reveal that the process resulting in CB begins even before the occurrence of the change itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Darriba
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology,Campus Sur S/N 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
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25
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Gómez CM, Flores A. A neurophysiological evaluation of a cognitive cycle in humans. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2011; 35:452-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Revised: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 05/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Electroencephalogram oscillations differentiate semantic and prosodic processes during sentence reading. Neuroscience 2010; 169:654-64. [PMID: 20580785 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2009] [Revised: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
How prosodic information is processed at the neural level during silent sentence reading is an unsolved issue. In this study, we investigate whether and how the processing of prosodic constraints can be distinguished from the processing of semantic constraints by measuring changes in event-related electroencephalogram (EEG) power. We visually presented Chinese sentences containing verb-noun combinations that were semantically congruent or incongruent and that had normal or abnormal rhythmic patterns and asked participants to judge whether the sentences were semantically and rhythmically acceptable. In Chinese, the rhythmic pattern refers to the combination of words with different syllable lengths. While the [1+1] pattern is normal for a verb-noun combination, the [2+1] pattern is abnormal. With the critical nouns, we found that the violation of semantic constraints was associated with the low beta (16-20 Hz) decrease in the early window (0-200 ms post onset) and the alpha (10-15 Hz) and low beta decrease in the later window (400-657 ms) while the processing of the abnormal rhythmic pattern was associated with the theta (4-6 Hz) and the alpha increase in the early window and the alpha and upper beta (20-24 Hz) decrease in the later window. These findings suggest that although the processing of semantic constraints and the processing of rhythmic pattern may partially share neuro-cognitive processes, as reflected by the similar decreases in alpha band power, they can nevertheless be differentiated in EEG responses during sentence reading.
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Flores AB, Gómez CM, Meneres S. Evaluation of spatial validity-invalidity by the P300 component in children and young adults. Brain Res Bull 2010; 81:525-33. [PMID: 20080154 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2010.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2009] [Revised: 09/07/2009] [Accepted: 01/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The influence of cerebral maturity on the neurocognitive evaluation of target stimuli that have been cued by a spatial directional central cue, which, validly or invalidly, indicates the spatial position of the upcoming target has been investigated. ERPs and behavioural responses were recorded in 18 children and 20 young adults. P3a and P3b amplitudes were analyzed in the valid and invalid trials to assess possible differences between children and young adults. Young adults showed more activation in anterior (P3a) and posterior (P3b) areas in the invalid than the valid condition, whereas children only showed greater activation in P3b. This may be due to the later maturation of the frontal cortex than the more posterior sites. Children also showed a greater P3 component amplitude and a topography shifting to occipital sites, irrespective of the experimental condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica B Flores
- Departamento de Psicología Experimental, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla 41018, Spain.
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Casali AG, Casarotto S, Rosanova M, Mariotti M, Massimini M. General indices to characterize the electrical response of the cerebral cortex to TMS. Neuroimage 2010; 49:1459-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2009] [Revised: 09/03/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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