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Kawasaki T, Fujimori KE, Imada J, Yuba S. Analysis of medaka GAP43 gene promoter activity in transgenic lines. Gene 2023:147590. [PMID: 37364694 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
We produced transgenic medaka fish lines that mimicked the expression of the GAP43 gene. Fish lines with the proximal 2-kilobase (kb) 5'-untranslated region (UTR) as the expression promoter specifically expressed enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in neural tissues, such as the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves, and its expression decreased with growth, but persisted until adulthood. A functional analysis of the promoter using partially deleted UTRs revealed that functions related to neural tissue-specific promoter activity were widely distributed in the region upstream of the proximal 400-b. Furthermore, the distal half of the 2-kb UTR contributed to expression throughout the brain, while the region 400-b upstream of the proximal 600-b was strongly associated with expression in specific areas, such as the telencephalon. In addition, a region from 957 to 557 b upstream of the translation initiation site was important for the long-term maintenance of promoter activity into adulthood. Among the transcription factors with recognition sequences in this region, Sp1 and CREB1 have been suggested to play important roles in the GAP43 promoter expression characteristics, such as strong expression in the telencephalon and long-term maintenance of expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kawasaki
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka, 563-8577, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro E Fujimori
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0046, Japan.
| | - Junko Imada
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka, 563-8577, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yuba
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka, 563-8577, Japan.
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Shimizu Y, Kawasaki T, Deguchi T. Gfap transgenic medaka as a novel reporter line for neural stem cells. Gene X 2022; 820:146213. [PMID: 35104578 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Radial glial cells (RGCs) play an essential role in developing, maintaining, and repairing the central nervous system (CNS). However, a specific reporter line of RGCs is limited in medaka. Glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) is abundant in teleost CNS, including the brain and spinal cord, and is a possible candidate for a marker for RGCs in medaka CNS. We generated a transgenic medaka in which enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression is regulated under putative medaka gfap regulatory elements. We observed EGFP expression in the CNS of live larval and juvenile medaka through the transparent body of the See-through medaka strain. Histological analysis for juvenile and adult Tg(gfap:EGFP) medaka showed that EGFP was expressed in GFAP-positive cells in the telencephalon, optic tectum, retina, and spinal cord. We further found another EGFP expressing cells in the optic tectum and retina. These cells are possibly neuroepithelial-like stem cells, deducing from the distribution of these EGFP-positive cells. We concluded that this reporter line would be valuable in the investigation of neural stem cell function during the development and regeneration of medaka CNS visualizing two types of neural stem cells, RGCs and neuroepithelial-like stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Shimizu
- Functional Biomolecular Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Osaka, Japan; DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Takashi Kawasaki
- Functional Biomolecular Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomonori Deguchi
- Advanced Genome Design Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Osaka, Japan
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Murakami Y, Ansai S, Yonemura A, Kinoshita M. An efficient system for homology-dependent targeted gene integration in medaka ( Oryzias latipes). ZOOLOGICAL LETTERS 2017; 3:10. [PMID: 28694996 PMCID: PMC5500998 DOI: 10.1186/s40851-017-0071-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CRISPR/Cas system is a powerful genome editing tool that enables targeted genome modifications in various organisms. In medaka (Oryzias latipes), targeted mutagenesis with small insertions and deletions using this system have become a robust technique and are now widely used. However, to date there have been only a small number of reports on targeted gene integration using this system. We thus sought in the present study to identify factors that enhance the efficiency of targeted gene integration events in medaka. RESULTS We show that longer homology arms (ca. 500 bp) and linearization of circular donor plasmids by cleavage with bait sequences enhances the efficiency of targeted integration of plasmids in embryos. A new bait sequence, BaitD, which we designed and selected by in silico screening, achieved the highest efficiency of the targeted gene integration in vivo. Using this system, donor plasmids integrated precisely at target sites and were efficiently transmitted to progeny. We also report that the genotype of F2 siblings, obtained by mating of individuals harboring two different colors of fluorescent protein genes (e.g. GFP and RFP) in the same locus, can be easily and rapidly determined non-invasively by visual observations alone. CONCLUSION We report that the efficiency of targeted gene integration can be enhanced by using donor vectors with longer homologous arms and linearization using a highly active bait system in medaka. These findings may contribute to the establishment of more efficient systems for targeted gene integration in medaka and other fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Murakami
- Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
| | - Satoshi Ansai
- Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
- Present address: Division of Ecological Genetics, Department of Population Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540 Japan
| | - Akari Yonemura
- Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
| | - Masato Kinoshita
- Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
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Murakami Y, Ansai S, Yonemura A, Kinoshita M. Genotyping-free Selection of Double Allelic Gene Edited Medaka Using Two Different Fluorescent Proteins. Bio Protoc 2017; 7:e2665. [DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.2665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Uemura N, Koike M, Ansai S, Kinoshita M, Ishikawa-Fujiwara T, Matsui H, Naruse K, Sakamoto N, Uchiyama Y, Todo T, Takeda S, Yamakado H, Takahashi R. Viable neuronopathic Gaucher disease model in Medaka (Oryzias latipes) displays axonal accumulation of alpha-synuclein. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005065. [PMID: 25835295 PMCID: PMC4383526 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Homozygous mutations in the glucocerebrosidase (GBA) gene result in Gaucher disease (GD), the most common lysosomal storage disease. Recent genetic studies have revealed that GBA mutations confer a strong risk for sporadic Parkinson’s disease (PD). To investigate how GBA mutations cause PD, we generated GBA nonsense mutant (GBA-/-) medaka that are completely deficient in glucocerebrosidase (GCase) activity. In contrast to the perinatal death in humans and mice lacking GCase activity, GBA-/- medaka survived for months, enabling analysis of the pathological progression. GBA-/- medaka displayed the pathological phenotypes resembling human neuronopathic GD including infiltration of Gaucher cell-like cells into the brains, progressive neuronal loss, and microgliosis. Detailed pathological findings represented lysosomal abnormalities in neurons and alpha-synuclein (α-syn) accumulation in axonal swellings containing autophagosomes. Unexpectedly, disruption of α-syn did not improve the life span, formation of axonal swellings, neuronal loss, or neuroinflammation in GBA-/- medaka. Taken together, the present study revealed GBA-/- medaka as a novel neuronopathic GD model, the pahological mechanisms of α-syn accumulation caused by GCase deficiency, and the minimal contribution of α-syn to the pathogenesis of neuronopathic GD. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by intraneuronal accumulation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) called Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites. Recent genetic studies have revealed that mutations in glucocerebrosidase (GBA), a causative gene of Gaucher disease (GD), are a strong risk for PD. However, its pathological mechanisms leading to PD remain largely unknown. Here, we generated GBA nonsense mutant (GBA-/-) medaka which survive long enough for pathological analysis of disease progression. These mutant medaka display not only the phenotypes resembling human neuronopathic GD but also axonal accumulation of α-syn accompanied by impairment of the autophagy-lysosome pathway. Furthermore, the present study demonstrates this α-syn accumulation has negligible contribution to the pathogenesis of neuronopathic GD in medaka. GBA-/- medaka represent a valuable model for exploring the pathological mechanisms of PD with GBA mutations as well as neuronopathic GD, and our findings have important implications for the association of GBA mutations with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihito Uemura
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masato Koike
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ansai
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masato Kinoshita
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ishikawa-Fujiwara
- Department of Radiation Biology and Medical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hideaki Matsui
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Naruse
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Laboratory of Bioresources, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Naoaki Sakamoto
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Science, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yasuo Uchiyama
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Todo
- Department of Radiation Biology and Medical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Shunichi Takeda
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Hodaka Yamakado
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Williams RR, Venkatesh I, Pearse DD, Udvadia AJ, Bunge MB. MASH1/Ascl1a leads to GAP43 expression and axon regeneration in the adult CNS. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118918. [PMID: 25751153 PMCID: PMC4353704 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike CNS neurons in adult mammals, neurons in fish and embryonic mammals can regenerate their axons after injury. These divergent regenerative responses are in part mediated by the growth-associated expression of select transcription factors. The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, MASH1/Ascl1a, is transiently expressed during the development of many neuronal subtypes and regulates the expression of genes that mediate cell fate determination and differentiation. In the adult zebrafish (Danio rerio), Ascl1a is also transiently expressed in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) that regenerate axons after optic nerve crush. Utilizing transgenic zebrafish with a 3.6 kb GAP43 promoter that drives expression of an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), we observed that knock-down of Ascl1a expression reduces both regenerative gap43 gene expression and axonal growth after injury compared to controls. In mammals, the development of noradrenergic brainstem neurons requires MASH1 expression. In contrast to zebrafish RGCs, however, MASH1 is not expressed in the mammalian brainstem after spinal cord injury (SCI). Therefore, we utilized adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors to overexpress MASH1 in four month old rat (Rattus norvegicus) brainstem neurons in an attempt to promote axon regeneration after SCI. We discovered that after complete transection of the thoracic spinal cord and implantation of a Schwann cell bridge, animals that express MASH1 exhibit increased noradrenergic axon regeneration and improvement in hindlimb joint movements compared to controls. Together these data demonstrate that MASH1/Ascl1a is a fundamental regulator of axonal growth across vertebrates and can induce modifications to the intrinsic state of neurons to promote functional regeneration in response to CNS injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan R. Williams
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Ishwariya Venkatesh
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - Damien D. Pearse
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Ava J. Udvadia
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - Mary Bartlett Bunge
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Deguchi T, Fujimori KE, Kawasaki T, Maruyama K, Yuba S. In vivo visualization of the lymphatic vessels in pFLT4-EGFP transgenic medaka. Genesis 2012; 50:625-34. [PMID: 22334443 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Feline McDonough Sarcoma (FMS)-like tyrosine kinase 4 (FLT4) is a marker for lymphatic vessels and some high endothelial venules in human adult tissues. We generated a transgenic medaka fish in which the lymphatic vessels and some blood vessels are visible in vivo by transferring the promoter of medaka flt4 driving the expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) using a see-through medaka line. To do this, we identified and cloned medaka flt4 and generated a construct in which the promoter was the 4-kb region upstream of the translation initiation site. The fluorescent signal of EGFP could be observed with little background, and the expression pattern correlated well with that of flt4 determined by whole-mount RNA in situ hybridization. Because a see-through medaka line is transparent until adult, the model is useful for visualizing the lymphatic vessels not only in embryo and fry but also in adult. This model will be a useful tool for analyzing lymphatic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Deguchi
- Health Research Institute (HRI), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan.
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Kusik BW, Hammond DR, Udvadia AJ. Transcriptional regulatory regions of gap43 needed in developing and regenerating retinal ganglion cells. Dev Dyn 2010; 239:482-95. [PMID: 20034105 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammals and fish differ in their ability to express axon growth-associated genes in response to CNS injury, which contributes to the differences in their ability for CNS regeneration. Previously we demonstrated that for the axon growth-associated gene, gap43, regions of the rat promoter that are sufficient to promote reporter gene expression in the developing zebrafish nervous system are not sufficient to promote expression in regenerating retinal ganglion cells in zebrafish. Recently, we identified a 3.6-kb gap43 promoter fragment from the pufferfish, Takifugu rubripes (fugu), that can promote reporter gene expression during both development and regeneration. Using promoter deletion analysis, we have found regions of the 3.6-kb fugu gap43 promoter that are necessary for expression in regenerating, but not developing, retinal ganglion cells. Within the 3.6-kb promoter, we have identified elements that are highly conserved among fish, as well as elements conserved among fish, mammals, and birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon W Kusik
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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Characterization of the Regulatory Region of the Dopa Decarboxylase Gene in Medaka: An in vivo Green Fluorescent Protein Reporter Assay Combined with a Simple TA-Cloning Method. Mol Biotechnol 2008; 41:224-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-008-9120-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2008] [Accepted: 10/16/2008] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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