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Lazzarino G, Mangione R, Saab MW, Tavazzi B, Pittalà A, Signoretti S, Di Pietro V, Lazzarino G, Amorini AM. Traumatic Brain Injury Alters Cerebral Concentrations and Redox States of Coenzymes Q 9 and Q 10 in the Rat. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12050985. [PMID: 37237851 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12050985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, there is no information on the effect of TBI on the changes in brain CoQ levels and possible variations in its redox state. In this study, we induced graded TBIs (mild TBI, mTBI and severe TBI, sTBI) in male rats, using the weight-drop closed-head impact acceleration model of trauma. At 7 days post-injury, CoQ9, CoQ10 and α-tocopherol were measured by HPLC in brain extracts of the injured rats, as well as in those of a group of control sham-operated rats. In the controls, about the 69% of total CoQ was in the form of CoQ9 and the oxidized/reduced ratios of CoQ9 and CoQ10 were, respectively, 1.05 ± 0.07 and 1.42 ± 0.17. No significant changes in these values were observed in rats experiencing mTBI. Conversely, in the brains of sTBI-injured animals, an increase in reduced and a decrease in oxidized CoQ9 produced an oxidized/reduced ratio of 0.81 ± 0.1 (p < 0.001 compared with both controls and mTBI). A concomitant decrease in both reduced and oxidized CoQ10 generated a corresponding oxidized/reduced ratio of 1.38 ± 0.23 (p < 0.001 compared with both controls and mTBI). An overall decrease in the concentration of the total CoQ pool was also found in sTBI-injured rats (p < 0.001 compared with both controls and mTBI). Concerning α-tocopherol, whilst no differences compared with the controls were found in mTBI animals, a significant decrease was observed in rats experiencing sTBI (p < 0.01 compared with both controls and mTBI). Besides suggesting potentially different functions and intracellular distributions of CoQ9 and CoQ10 in rat brain mitochondria, these results demonstrate, for the first time to the best of knowledge, that sTBI alters the levels and redox states of CoQ9 and CoQ10, thus adding a new explanation to the mitochondrial impairment affecting ETC, OXPHOS, energy supply and antioxidant defenses following sTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Lazzarino
- Departmental Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, Via di Sant'Alessandro 8, 00131 Rome, Italy
| | - Renata Mangione
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensive and Perioperative Clinics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart of Rome, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Miriam Wissam Saab
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Barbara Tavazzi
- Departmental Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, Via di Sant'Alessandro 8, 00131 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pittalà
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Stefano Signoretti
- Departmental Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, Via di Sant'Alessandro 8, 00131 Rome, Italy
- Department of Emergency and Urgency, Division of Neurosurgery, S. Eugenio/CTO Hospital, A.S.L. Roma2 Piazzale dell'Umanesimo 10, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Pietro
- Neurotrauma and Ophthalmology Research Group, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
| | - Giuseppe Lazzarino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Maria Amorini
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Pyruvate Dehydrogenase and Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Enzymes Are Sensitive Targets of Traumatic Brain Injury Induced Metabolic Derangement. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225774. [PMID: 31744143 PMCID: PMC6888669 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Using a closed-head impact acceleration model of mild or severe traumatic brain injury (mTBI or sTBI, respectively) in rats, we evaluated the effects of graded head impacts on the gene and protein expressions of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), as well as major enzymes of mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA). TBI was induced in anaesthetized rats by dropping 450 g from 1 (mTBI) or 2 m height (sTBI). After 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 120 h gene expressions of enzymes and subunits of PDH. PDH kinases and phosphatases (PDK1-4 and PDP1-2, respectively), citrate synthase (CS), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), succinyl-CoA synthase (SUCLG), and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) were determined in whole brain extracts (n = 6 rats at each time for both TBI levels). In the same samples, the high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) determination of acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) and free coenzyme A (CoA-SH) was performed. Sham-operated animals (n = 6) were used as controls. After mTBI, the results indicated a general transient decrease, followed by significant increases, in PDH and TCA gene expressions. Conversely, permanent PDH and TCA downregulation occurred following sTBI. The inhibitory conditions of PDH (caused by PDP1-2 downregulations and PDK1-4 overexpression) and SDH appeared to operate only after sTBI. This produced almost no change in acetyl-CoA and free CoA-SH following mTBI and a remarkable depletion of both compounds after sTBI. These results again demonstrated temporary or steady mitochondrial malfunctioning, causing minimal or profound modifications to energy-related metabolites, following mTBI or sTBI, respectively. Additionally, PDH and SDH appeared to be highly sensitive to traumatic insults and are deeply involved in mitochondrial-related energy metabolism imbalance.
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Song H, Chen M, Chen C, Cui J, Johnson CE, Cheng J, Wang X, Swerdlow RH, DePalma RG, Xia W, Gu Z. Proteomic Analysis and Biochemical Correlates of Mitochondrial Dysfunction after Low-Intensity Primary Blast Exposure. J Neurotrauma 2019; 36:1591-1605. [PMID: 30484371 PMCID: PMC6909772 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.6114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Service members during military actions or combat training are frequently exposed to primary blasts by weaponry. Most studies have investigated moderate or severe brain injuries from blasts generating overpressures >100 kPa, whereas understanding the pathophysiology of low-intensity blast (LIB)-induced mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) leading to neurological deficits remains elusive. Our recent studies, using an open-field LIB-induced mTBI mouse model with a peak overpressure at 46.6 kPa, demonstrated behavioral impairments and brain nanoscale damages, notably mitochondrial and axonal ultrastructural changes. In this study, we used tandem mass tagged (TMT) quantitative proteomics and bioinformatics analysis to seek insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying ultrastructural pathology. Changes in global- and phospho-proteomes were determined at 3 and 24 h and at 7 and 30 days post injury (DPI), in order to investigate the biochemical and molecular correlates of mitochondrial dysfunction. Results showed striking dynamic changes in a total of 2216 proteins and 459 phosphorylated proteins at vary time points after blast. Disruption of key canonical pathways included evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, axonal/cytoskeletal/synaptic dysregulation, and neurodegeneration. Bioinformatic analysis identified blast-induced trends in networks related to cellular growth/development/movement/assembly and cell-to-cell signaling interactions. With observations of proteomic changes, we found LIB-induced oxidative stress associated with mitochondrial dysfunction mainly at 7 and 30 DPI. These dysfunctions included impaired fission-fusion dynamics, diminished mitophagy, decreased oxidative phosphorylation, and compensated respiration-relevant enzyme activities. Insights on the early pathogenesis of primary LIB-induced brain damage provide a template for further characterization of its chronic effects, identification of potential biomarkers, and targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Song
- Department of Pathology & Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Mei Chen
- Bedford VA Medical Center, Bedford, Massachusetts
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Computer Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jiankun Cui
- Department of Pathology & Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
- Truman VA Hospital Research Service, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Catherine E. Johnson
- Department of Mining and Nuclear Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri
| | - Jianlin Cheng
- Department of Computer Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Xiaowan Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Russell H. Swerdlow
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Ralph G. DePalma
- Office of Research and Development, Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC
- Norman Rich Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Weiming Xia
- Bedford VA Medical Center, Bedford, Massachusetts
| | - Zezong Gu
- Department of Pathology & Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
- Truman VA Hospital Research Service, Columbia, Missouri
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Fraunberger EA, Shutt TE, Esser MJ. Sex-dependent and chronic alterations in behavior and mitochondrial function in a rat model of pediatric mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 2019; 33:534-542. [PMID: 30663413 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2019.1565898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if chronic changes in mitochondrial function occur following a mild traumatic brain injury in young rats. RESEARCH DESIGN Closed-head, weight drop model was used to cause mTBI by applying rotational forces to the brain without surgery. Behavioral battery was used to assess multiple dimensions of impairment across time. Analysis of brain tissue carried out at three-weeks post-injury represents a chronic time point to complement previous work examining acute time points. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Twenty-three male and 22 female rats one month of age were divided equally into sham and mTBI groups with the latter undergoing the weight drop. Multiple behavioral tests in combination with energetic (oxygen consumption), molecular (immunoblotting), and imaging (electron microscopy) characterization of brain mitochondria were performed. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS Mitochondria isolated from sham juvenile female rats had higher basal oxygen consumption compared to juvenile male rats (514.875 ± 171.091 pmol/min vs. 267 ± 73.906 pmol/min, p < 0.0001). Chronic sex-dependent differences were observed in females after mTBI in basal (514.875 ± 171.091 pmol/min vs. 600.688 ± 124.422 pmol/min, p = 0.0264) and maximal oxygen consumption (298.938 ± 119.964 pmol/min vs. 403.281 ± 112.922 pmol/min, p = 0.0001) and proton leak (59.46 ± 7.807 vs. 84.32 ± 5.80 pmol/min, p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The juvenile rat brain displays sex differences in mitochondrial function at (1) baseline and (2) in long-term outcomes after mTBI. These results offer new insight into a potential mechanism for persistent, individualized impairments following pediatric mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik A Fraunberger
- a Hotchkiss Brain Institute , University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta , Canada.,b Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute , University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta , Canada
| | - Timothy E Shutt
- b Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute , University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta , Canada.,c Department of Medical Genetics , University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta , Canada.,d Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology , University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta , Canada
| | - Michael J Esser
- b Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute , University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta , Canada.,e Department of Pediatrics , University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta , Canada
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Guo S, Lok J, Zhao S, Leung W, Som AT, Hayakawa K, Wang Q, Xing C, Wang X, Ji X, Zhou Y, Lo EH. Effects of Controlled Cortical Impact on the Mouse Brain Vasculome. J Neurotrauma 2016; 33:1303-16. [PMID: 26528928 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2015.4101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Perturbations in blood vessels play a critical role in the pathophysiology of brain injury and neurodegeneration. Here, we use a systematic genome-wide transcriptome screening approach to investigate the vasculome after brain trauma in mice. Mice were subjected to controlled cortical impact and brains were extracted for analysis at 24 h post-injury. The core of the traumatic lesion was removed and then cortical microvesels were isolated from nondirectly damaged ipsilateral cortex. Compared to contralateral cortex and normal cortex from sham-operated mice, we identified a wide spectrum of responses in the vasculome after trauma. Up-regulated pathways included those involved in regulation of inflammation and extracellular matrix processes. Decreased pathways included those involved in regulation of metabolism, mitochondrial function, and transport systems. These findings suggest that microvascular perturbations can be widespread and not necessarily localized to core areas of direct injury per se and may further provide a broader gene network context for existing knowledge regarding inflammation, metabolism, and blood-brain barrier alterations after brain trauma. Further efforts are warranted to map the vasculome with higher spatial and temporal resolution from acute to delayed phase post-trauma. Investigating the widespread network responses in the vasculome may reveal potential mechanisms, therapeutic targets, and biomarkers for traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Guo
- 1 Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Josephine Lok
- 1 Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Song Zhao
- 3 The Department of Spine Surgery, the First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun, China
| | - Wendy Leung
- 1 Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Angel T Som
- 1 Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Kazuhide Hayakawa
- 1 Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Qingzhi Wang
- 1 Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Changhong Xing
- 1 Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- 1 Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Xunming Ji
- 4 Cerebrovascular Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Zhou
- 1 Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Eng H Lo
- 1 Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
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Zhao Y, Li J, Tang Q, Gao J, Chen C, Jing L, Zhang P, Li S. Apolipoprotein E mimetic peptide protects against diffuse brain injury. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:463-73. [PMID: 25206840 PMCID: PMC4153503 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.130060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E plays a crucial role in inhibiting chronic neurodegenerative processes. However, its impact on neurological function following diffuse brain injury is still unclear. This study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of action of apolipoprotein E mimetic peptide on diffuse brain injury. Apolipoprotein E mimetic peptide was administered into the caudal vein of rats with diffuse brain injury before and after injury. We found that apolipoprotein E mimetic peptide significantly decreased the number of apoptotic neurons, reduced extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 phosphorylation, down-regulated Bax and cytochrome c expression, decreased malondialdehyde content, and increased superoxide dismutase activity in a dose-dependent manner. These experimental findings demonstrate that apolipoprotein E mimetic peptide improves learning and memory function and protects against diffuse brain injury-induced apoptosis by inhibiting the extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2-Bax mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Zhao
- College of Rehabilitation, Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jianmin Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Qiqun Tang
- College of Rehabilitation, Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Junling Gao
- College of Rehabilitation, Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Changxiang Chen
- College of Rehabilitation, Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Liwei Jing
- College of Rehabilitation, Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- College of Rehabilitation, Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Shuxing Li
- College of Rehabilitation, Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
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Gu YL, Zhang LW, Ma N, Ye LL, Wang DX, Gao X. Cognitive improvement of mice induced by exercise prior to traumatic brain injury is associated with cytochrome c oxidase. Neurosci Lett 2014; 570:86-91. [PMID: 24746931 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Though the evidence demonstrated that voluntary exercise programs could be implemented to enhance recovery of cognitive function induced by traumatic brain injury (TBI), the exact mechanisms were still not known. We proposed that the cognitive improvement induced by exercise in TBI mice is associated with cytochrome c oxidase (COX). To demonstrate this hypothesis, adult mice were housed with or without access to a running wheel (RW) for three weeks followed by TBI operation. Acquisition of spatial learning and memory retention was assessed by using the Morris Water Maze (MWM) on days 15 post TBI. The synaptic density was measured by Golji staining. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for NeuN, GFAP and growth associated protein 43 (GAP43) were also performed. Using Western blot, the expressions of COX I, II, III, BDNF, synapsin I, synaptophysin (SYP) and GAP43 in hippocampus of TBI mice were determinated. Lastly, CcO activity and ATP amount were also detected. Results showed that voluntary exercise prior TBI: (i) counteracted the cognitive deficits and neuron and synaptic density loss associated with the injury; (ii) increased the levels of COX I, II, III, BDNF, synapsin I, SYP and GAP43; (iii) switched the mitochondrial CcO activity and ATP amounts. These studies demonstrated that the COX plays an important role in exercise's cognitive effects in TBI model and also provide evidence that RW training is a promise exercise for traumatically injured mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li Gu
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Li Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ning Ma
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Lin Lin Ye
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - De Xin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beichen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300400, China
| | - Xu Gao
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
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Zhu H, Ding Y, Zhu W, Liang S, Qian Y, Zhou Y, Ma D, Wang H, Tian W, Zhou S, Li X. Long-Term Impact of Maternal Protein Malnutrition on Learning and Memory Abilities and DNA Methylating Profiles of the Nervous System in Offspring Rats. Health (London) 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2014.615239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Moro N, Ghavim SS, Hovda DA, Sutton RL. Delayed sodium pyruvate treatment improves working memory following experimental traumatic brain injury. Neurosci Lett 2011; 491:158-62. [PMID: 21241774 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 01/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Prior work indicates that cerebral glycolysis is impaired following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and that pyruvate treatment acutely after TBI can improve cerebral metabolism and is neuroprotective. Since extracellular levels of glucose decrease during periods of increased cognitive demand and exogenous glucose improves cognitive performance, we hypothesized that pyruvate treatment prior to testing could ameliorate cognitive deficits in rats with TBI. Based on pre-surgical spatial alternation performance in a 4-arm plus-maze, adult male rats were randomized to receive either sham injury or unilateral (left) cortical contusion injury (CCI). On days 4, 9 and 14 after surgery animals received an intraperitoneal injection of either vehicle (Sham-Veh, n=6; CCI-Veh, n=7) or 1000 mg/kg of sodium pyruvate (CCI-SP, n=7). One hour after each injection rats were retested for spatial alternation performance. Animals in the CCI-SP group showed no significant working memory deficits in the spatial alternation task compared to Sham-Veh controls. The percent four/five alternation scores for CCI-Veh rats were significantly decreased from Sham-Veh scores on days 4 and 9 (p<0.01) and from CCI-SP scores on days 4, 9 and 14 (p<0.05). Measures of cortical contusion volume, regional cerebral metabolic rates of glucose and regional cytochrome oxidase activity at day 15 post-injury did not differ between CCI-SP and CCI-Veh groups. These results show that spatial alternation testing can reliably detect temporal deficits and recovery of working memory after TBI and that delayed pyruvate treatment can ameliorate TBI-induced cognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Moro
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Moro N, Sutton RL. Beneficial effects of sodium or ethyl pyruvate after traumatic brain injury in the rat. Exp Neurol 2010; 225:391-401. [PMID: 20670624 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2010.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2010] [Revised: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Sodium pyruvate (SP) treatment initiated within 5 min post-injury is neuroprotective in a rat model of unilateral cortical contusion injury (CCI). The current studies examined: (1) effects of delayed SP treatments (1000 mg/kg, i.p., at 1, 12 and 24h), (2) effects of single (1h) or multiple (1, 12 and 24h) ethyl pyruvate treatments (EP; at 20 or 40 mg/kg, i.p.), and (3) mechanisms of action for pyruvate effects after CCI. In Experiment 1, both SP and EP treatment(s) significantly reduced the number of dead/dying cells in the ipsilateral hippocampus (dentate hilus+CA3(c) and/or CA3(a-b) regions) at 72 h post-CCI. Pyruvate treatment(s) attenuated CCI-induced reductions of cerebral cytochrome oxidase activity at 7 2h, significantly improving activity in peri-contusional cortex after multiple SP or EP treatments. Optical density measures of ipsilateral CD11b immuno-staining were significantly increased 72 h post-CCI, but these measures of microglia activation were not different from sham injury values in SP and EP groups with three post-CCI treatments. In Experiment 2, three treatments (1, 12 and 24h) of SP (1000 mg/kg) or EP (40 mg/kg) significantly improved recovery of beam-walking and neurological scores in the first 3 weeks after CCI, and EP treatments significantly improved spatial working memory 1 week post-CCI. Ipsilateral CA3(b) neuronal loss, but not cortical tissue loss, was significantly reduced 1 month post-CCI with pyruvate treatments begun 1h post-CCI. Thus, delayed pyruvate treatments after CCI are neuroprotective and improve neurobehavioral recovery; these effects may be mediated by improved metabolism and reduced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Moro
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Liao YH, Qian NS, Zhang Y, Dou KF. Traumatic stress and hepatocyte apoptosis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2010; 18:1569-1576. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v18.i15.1569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Trauma can cause stress in organisms and may promote cell apoptosis and lead to pathological damage. A variety of factors are involved in this process. The mechanisms responsible for traumatic stress-induced apoptosis are complex and controversial, especially in non-nervous organs. The liver plays a key role in metabolism and is one of the target organs of severe stress. Stress-induced hyperglycemia, calcium overload, oxidative stress, ischemia/reperfusion, inflammatory response, and immunosuppression caused by traumatic stress may lead to hepatocyte apoptosis. Thus, it is of great significance to explore the relationship between traumatic stress and hepatocyte apoptosis.
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Sharma S, Zhuang Y, Ying Z, Wu A, Gomez-Pinilla F. Dietary curcumin supplementation counteracts reduction in levels of molecules involved in energy homeostasis after brain trauma. Neuroscience 2009; 161:1037-44. [PMID: 19393301 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2009] [Revised: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is followed by an energy crisis that compromises the capacity of the brain to cope with challenges, and often reduces cognitive ability. New research indicates that events that regulate energy homeostasis crucially impact synaptic function and this can compromise the capacity of the brain to respond to challenges during the acute and chronic phases of TBI. The goal of the present study is to determine the influence of the phenolic yellow curry pigment curcumin on molecular systems involved with the monitoring, balance, and transduction of cellular energy, in the hippocampus of animals exposed to mild fluid percussion injury (FPI). Young adult rats were exposed to a regular diet (RD) without or with 500 ppm curcumin (Cur) for four weeks, before an FPI was performed. The rats were assigned to four groups: RD/Sham, Cur/Sham, RD/FPI, and Cur/FPI. We found that FPI decreased the levels of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), ubiquitous mitochondrial creatine kinase (uMtCK) and cytochrome c oxidase II (COX-II) in RD/FPI rats as compared to the RD/sham rats. The curcumin diet counteracted the effects of FPI and elevated the levels of AMPK, uMtCK, COX-II in Cur/FPI rats as compared to RD/sham rats. In addition, in the Cur/sham rats, AMPK and uMtCK increased compared to the RD/sham. Results show the potential of curcumin to regulate molecules involved in energy homeostasis following TBI. These studies may foster a new line of therapeutic treatments for TBI patients by endogenous upregulation of molecules important for functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sharma
- Department of Physiological Science, UCLA, 621 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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