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Wagner S, Monzel M. Measuring imagery strength in schizophrenia: no evidence of enhanced mental imagery priming. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e3146. [PMID: 37411000 PMCID: PMC10497910 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent research shows ambivalent results regarding the relationship between mental imagery and schizophrenia. The role of voluntary visual imagery in schizophrenic hallucinations remains unclear. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between visual imagery, schizophrenia, and the occurrence of schizophrenic hallucinations using an objective visual imagery task. METHODS The sample consisted of 16 participants with schizophrenia (59.1% female; MAge = 45.55) and 44 participants without schizophrenia (62.5% female; MAge = 43.94). Visual imagery was measured using the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ) as well as the well-validated Binocular Rivalry Task (BRT). Occurrences of hallucinations were assessed using the Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale. RESULTS Participants with schizophrenia showed more hallucinatory experiences but did not score higher on either the VVIQ or the BRT than participants without schizophrenia. A correlation between the VVIQ and the BRT was found, validating the measurement of visual imagery and enabling the interpretation that visual imagery vividness is not enhanced in people with schizophrenia. CONCLUSION The association between mental imagery vividness and schizophrenia found in previous studies may be based on other facets of mental imagery than visual imagery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Merlin Monzel
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
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Brodtmann A, Werden E, Khlif MS, Bird LJ, Egorova N, Veldsman M, Pardoe H, Jackson G, Bradshaw J, Darby D, Cumming T, Churilov L, Donnan G. Neurodegeneration Over 3 Years Following Ischaemic Stroke: Findings From the Cognition and Neocortical Volume After Stroke Study. Front Neurol 2021; 12:754204. [PMID: 34744989 PMCID: PMC8570373 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.754204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Stroke survivors are at high risk of dementia, associated with increasing age and vascular burden and with pre-existing cognitive impairment, older age. Brain atrophy patterns are recognised as signatures of neurodegenerative conditions, but the natural history of brain atrophy after stroke remains poorly described. We sought to determine whether stroke survivors who were cognitively normal at time of stroke had greater total brain (TBV) and hippocampal volume (HV) loss over 3 years than controls. We examined whether stroke survivors who were cognitively impaired (CI) at 3 months following their stroke had greater brain volume loss than cognitively normal (CN) stroke participants over the next 3 years. Methods: Cognition And Neocortical Volume After Stroke (CANVAS) study is a multi-centre cohort study of first-ever or recurrent adult ischaemic stroke participants compared to age- and sex-matched community controls. Participants were followed with MRI and cognitive assessments over 3 years and were free of a history of cognitive impairment or decline at inclusion. Our primary outcome measure was TBV change between 3 months and 3 years; secondary outcomes were TBV and HV change comparing CI and CN participants. We investigated associations between group status and brain volume change using a baseline-volume adjusted linear regression model with robust standard error. Results: Ninety-three stroke (26 women, 66.7 ± 12 years) and 39 control participants (15 women, 68.7 ± 7 years) were available at 3 years. TBV loss in stroke patients was greater than controls: stroke mean (M) = 20.3 cm3 ± SD 14.8 cm3; controls M = 14.2 cm3 ± SD 13.2 cm3; [adjusted mean difference 7.88 95%CI (2.84, 12.91) p-value = 0.002]. TBV decline was greater in those stroke participants who were cognitively impaired (M = 30.7 cm3; SD = 14.2 cm3) at 3 months (M = 19.6 cm3; SD = 13.8 cm3); [adjusted mean difference 10.42; 95%CI (3.04, 17.80), p-value = 0.006]. No statistically significant differences in HV change were observed. Conclusions: Ischaemic stroke survivors exhibit greater neurodegeneration compared to stroke-free controls. Brain atrophy is greater in stroke participants who were cognitively impaired early after their stroke. Early cognitive impairment was associated greater subsequent atrophy, reflecting the combined impacts of stroke and vascular brain burden. Atrophy rates could serve as a useful biomarker for trials testing interventions to reduce post-stroke secondary neurodegeneration. Clinical Trail Registration:http://www.clinicaltrials.gov, identifier: NCT02205424.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Brodtmann
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute and University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Emilio Werden
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mohamed Salah Khlif
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Laura J Bird
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Natalia Egorova
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute and University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michele Veldsman
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Heath Pardoe
- Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Graeme Jackson
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer Bradshaw
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - David Darby
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute and University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Toby Cumming
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Leonid Churilov
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Donnan
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Oliva R, Budisavljević S, Castiello U, Begliomini C. Neuroanatomical Correlates of Binge-Eating Behavior: At the Roots of Unstoppable Eating. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11091162. [PMID: 34573183 PMCID: PMC8468173 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11091162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Binge-eating refers to episodes of uncontrolled eating accompanied by a perceived loss of control, which can be common in the general population. Given the profound negative consequences of persistent binge-eating such as weight and eating disorders, it is vital to determine what makes someone more vulnerable than others to engage in such a conduct. A total of 42 normal-weight individuals (21 with binge-eating episodes and 21 without binge-eating episodes) underwent a structural magnetic resonance imaging measurement and Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used to assess between-group differences in terms of gray matter volume (GMV), together with self-report impulsivity and binge-eating measures. The results showed binge-eating individuals as characterized by higher trait impulsivity and greater regional GMV in the left middle frontal gyrus: however, the GMV in this region appeared to be positively correlated only with measures of binge-eating but not with trait impulsivity measures. These findings provide novel insights on the neurobiological roots of BE in normal-weight individuals and highlight how this behavior can be associated with brain morphometric changes within prefrontal regions also in a non-clinical population. Overall, this study provides a further characterization of the neural correlates of binge-eating and novel insights into the treatment of its more severe pathological forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Oliva
- Centro Terapia e Ricerca sui Disturbi Alimentari (Center for Eating Disorders Therapy and Research—CenTeR Disturbi Alimentari), 30172 Venice, Italy;
| | | | - Umberto Castiello
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Chiara Begliomini
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-827-6947
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Snoek L, Miletić S, Scholte HS. How to control for confounds in decoding analyses of neuroimaging data. Neuroimage 2019; 184:741-760. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Ozgen Saydam B, Has AC, Bozdag G, Oguz KK, Yildiz BO. Structural imaging of the brain reveals decreased total brain and total gray matter volumes in obese but not in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome compared to body mass index-matched counterparts. Gynecol Endocrinol 2017; 33:519-523. [PMID: 28277117 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2017.1295440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To detect differences in global brain volumes and identify relations between brain volume and appetite-related hormones in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) compared to body mass index-matched controls. METHODS Forty subjects participated in this study. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging and measurements of fasting ghrelin, leptin and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), as well as GLP-1 levels during mixed-meal tolerance test (MTT), were performed. RESULTS Total brain volume and total gray matter volume (GMV) were decreased in obese PCOS compared to obese controls (p < 0.05 for both) whereas lean PCOS and controls did not show a significant difference. Secondary analyses of regional brain volumes showed decreases in GMV of the caudate nucleus, ventral diencephalon and hippocampus in obese PCOS compared to obese controls (p < 0.05 for all), whereas lean patients with PCOS had lower GMV in the amygdala than lean controls (p < 0.05). No significant relations were detected between structural differences and measured hormone levels at baseline or during MTT. CONCLUSION This study, investigating structural brain alterations in PCOS, suggests volumetric reductions in global brain areas in obese women with PCOS. Functional studies with larger sample size are needed to determine physiopathological roles of these changes and potential effects of long-term medical management on brain structure of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basak Ozgen Saydam
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Hacettepe University School of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Arzu Ceylan Has
- b National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Gurkan Bozdag
- c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Hacettepe University School of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Kader Karli Oguz
- b National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University , Ankara , Turkey
- d Department of Radiology , Hacettepe University School of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey and
| | - Bulent Okan Yildiz
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Hacettepe University School of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey
- e Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism , Hacettepe University School of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey
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Patel SK, Restrepo C, Werden E, Churilov L, Ekinci EI, Srivastava PM, Ramchand J, Wai B, Chambers B, O’Callaghan CJ, Darby D, Hachinski V, Cumming T, Donnan G, Burrell LM, Brodtmann A. Does left ventricular hypertrophy affect cognition and brain structural integrity in type 2 diabetes? Study design and rationale of the Diabetes and Dementia (D2) study. BMC Endocr Disord 2017; 17:24. [PMID: 28388897 PMCID: PMC5384138 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-017-0173-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment is common in type 2 diabetes mellitus, and there is a strong association between type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. However, we do not know which type 2 diabetes patients will dement or which biomarkers predict cognitive decline. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is potentially such a marker. LVH is highly prevalent in type 2 diabetes and is a strong, independent predictor of cardiovascular events. To date, no studies have investigated the association between LVH and cognitive decline in type 2 diabetes. The Diabetes and Dementia (D2) study is designed to establish whether patients with type 2 diabetes and LVH have increased rates of brain atrophy and cognitive decline. METHODS The D2 study is a single centre, observational, longitudinal case control study that will follow 168 adult patients aged >50 years with type 2 diabetes: 50% with LVH (case) and 50% without LVH (control). It will assess change in cardiovascular risk, brain imaging and neuropsychological testing between two time-points, baseline (0 months) and 24 months. The primary outcome is brain volume change at 24 months. The co-primary outcome is the presence of cognitive decline at 24 months. The secondary outcome is change in left ventricular mass associated with brain atrophy and cognitive decline at 24 months. DISCUSSION The D2 study will test the hypothesis that patients with type 2 diabetes and LVH will exhibit greater brain atrophy than those without LVH. An understanding of whether LVH contributes to cognitive decline, and in which patients, will allow us to identify patients at particular risk. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ( ACTRN12616000546459 ), date registered, 28/04/2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila K. Patel
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Austin Health, 245 Burgundy Street, Heidelberg, VIC 3084 Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Level 7, Lance Townsend Building, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC 3084 Australia
| | - Carolina Restrepo
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Austin Health, 245 Burgundy Street, Heidelberg, VIC 3084 Australia
| | - Emilio Werden
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Austin Health, 245 Burgundy Street, Heidelberg, VIC 3084 Australia
| | - Leonid Churilov
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Austin Health, 245 Burgundy Street, Heidelberg, VIC 3084 Australia
| | - Elif I. Ekinci
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Level 7, Lance Townsend Building, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC 3084 Australia
- Austin Health Endocrine Centre, Heidelberg, VIC Australia
| | - Piyush M. Srivastava
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Level 7, Lance Townsend Building, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC 3084 Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC Australia
| | - Jay Ramchand
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Level 7, Lance Townsend Building, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC 3084 Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC Australia
| | - Bryan Wai
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Level 7, Lance Townsend Building, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC 3084 Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC Australia
| | - Brian Chambers
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Level 7, Lance Townsend Building, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC 3084 Australia
- Department of Neurology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC Australia
| | - Christopher J. O’Callaghan
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Level 7, Lance Townsend Building, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC 3084 Australia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC Australia
| | - David Darby
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Austin Health, 245 Burgundy Street, Heidelberg, VIC 3084 Australia
| | - Vladimir Hachinski
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Toby Cumming
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Austin Health, 245 Burgundy Street, Heidelberg, VIC 3084 Australia
| | - Geoff Donnan
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Austin Health, 245 Burgundy Street, Heidelberg, VIC 3084 Australia
| | - Louise M. Burrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Level 7, Lance Townsend Building, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC 3084 Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC Australia
| | - Amy Brodtmann
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Austin Health, 245 Burgundy Street, Heidelberg, VIC 3084 Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Level 7, Lance Townsend Building, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC 3084 Australia
- Department of Neurology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC Australia
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Brodtmann A, Puce A, Darby D, Donnan G. Extrastriate visual cortex reorganizes despite sequential bilateral occipital stroke: implications for vision recovery. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:224. [PMID: 25972800 PMCID: PMC4412053 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The extent of visual cortex reorganization following injury remains controversial. We report serial functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from a patient with sequential posterior circulation strokes occurring 3 weeks apart, compared with data from an age-matched healthy control subject. At 8 days following a left occipital stroke, contralesional visual cortical activation was within expected striate and extrastriate sites, comparable to that seen in controls. Despite a further infarct in the right (previously unaffected hemisphere), there was evolution of visual cortical reorganization progressed. In this patient, there was evidence of utilization of peri-infarct sites (right-sided) and recruitment of new activation sites in extrastriate cortices, including in the lateral middle and inferior temporal lobes. The changes over time corresponded topographically with the patient's lesion site and its connections. Reorganization of the surviving visual cortex was demonstrated 8 days after the first stroke. Ongoing reorganization in extant cortex was demonstrated at the 6 month scan. We present a summary of mechanisms of recovery following stroke relevant to the visual system. We conclude that mature primary visual cortex displays considerable plasticity and capacity to reorganize, associated with evolution of visual field deficits. We discuss these findings and their implications for therapy within the context of current concepts in visual compensatory and restorative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Brodtmann
- Behavioural Neuroscience, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Aina Puce
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - David Darby
- Behavioural Neuroscience, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Donnan
- Behavioural Neuroscience, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Hjelmervik H, Westerhausen R, Hirnstein M, Specht K, Hausmann M. The neural correlates of sex differences in left-right confusion. Neuroimage 2015; 113:196-206. [PMID: 25776218 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Difficulties in left-right discrimination (LRD) are commonly experienced in everyday life situations. Here we investigate the neurocognitive mechanisms of LRD and the specific role of left angular gyrus. Given that previous behavioral research reported women to be more susceptible to left-right confusion, the current study focuses particularly on the neural basis of sex differences in LRD while controlling for potential menstrual cycle effects (repeated measures design). 16 women and 15 men were presented pictures of pointing hands in various orientations (rotated versus non-rotated) and were asked to identify them as left or right hands. Results revealed that LRD was particularly associated with activation in inferior parietal regions, extending into the right angular gyrus. Irrespective of menstrual cycle phase, women, relative to men, recruited more prefrontal areas, suggesting higher top-down control in LRD. For the subset of rotated stimuli as compared to the non-rotated, we found leftward asymmetry for both men and women, although women scored significantly lower. We conclude that there are sex differences in the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying LRD. Although the angular gyrus is involved in LRD, several other parietal areas are at least as critical. Moreover, the hypothesis that more left-right confusion is due to more bilateral activation (in women) can be rejected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Hjelmervik
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | | | - Marco Hirnstein
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karsten Specht
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Engineering, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Seidler R, Erdeniz B, Koppelmans V, Hirsiger S, Mérillat S, Jäncke L. Associations between age, motor function, and resting state sensorimotor network connectivity in healthy older adults. Neuroimage 2015; 108:47-59. [PMID: 25514517 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Seidler
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
| | - Burak Erdeniz
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | | | - Sarah Hirsiger
- International Normal Aging and Plasticity Imaging Center (INAPIC), University of Zurich, Switzerland; University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Aging", University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susan Mérillat
- International Normal Aging and Plasticity Imaging Center (INAPIC), University of Zurich, Switzerland; University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Aging", University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lutz Jäncke
- International Normal Aging and Plasticity Imaging Center (INAPIC), University of Zurich, Switzerland; University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Aging", University of Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Neuropsychology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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Jauch-Chara K, Kistenmacher A, Herzog N, Schwarz M, Schweiger U, Oltmanns KM. Repetitive electric brain stimulation reduces food intake in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 100:1003-9. [PMID: 25099550 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.075481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) plays an important role in appetite and food intake regulation. OBJECTIVE Because previous data revealed that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the DLPFC reduces food cravings, we hypothesized that repetitive electric stimulation of the right DLPFC would lower food intake behavior in humans. DESIGN In a single-blind, code-based, placebo-controlled, counterbalanced, randomized crossover experiment, 14 healthy young men with body mass index (in kg/m(2)) from 20 to 25 were examined during 8 d of daily tDCS or a sham stimulation. After tDCS or sham stimulation on the first and the last day of both experimental conditions, participants consumed food ad libitum from a standardized test buffet. RESULTS One week of daily anodal tDCS reduced overall caloric intake by 14% in comparison with sham stimulation. Moreover, repetitive tDCS diminished self-reported appetite scores. CONCLUSION Our study implies that the application of anodal direct currents to the right DLPFC represents a promising option for reducing both caloric intake and appetite in humans. This trial was registered at the German Clinical Trials Register (www.germanctr.de) as DRKS00005811.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Jauch-Chara
- From the Division of Psychoneurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Alina Kistenmacher
- From the Division of Psychoneurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Nina Herzog
- From the Division of Psychoneurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Marianka Schwarz
- From the Division of Psychoneurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schweiger
- From the Division of Psychoneurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Kerstin M Oltmanns
- From the Division of Psychoneurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
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Lou B, Chen M, Luo X, Dai Y. Reduced right frontal fractional anisotropy correlated with early elevated plasma LDL levels in obese young adults. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108180. [PMID: 25279729 PMCID: PMC4184805 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the underlying physiological mechanisms of the structural differences in gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) associated with obesity in young Chinese adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 49 right-handed obese or overweight (n = 22, mean age 31.72±8.04 years) and normal weight (n = 27, mean age 29.04±7.32 years) Han Chinese individuals were recruited. All participants underwent voxel-based morphometry analysis of T1-weighted MRI and tract-based spatial statistics analysis of diffusion tensor imaging. Partial correlation analysis was performed between the physiological data obtained and the abnormal structural alterations. RESULTS In the OO group, GM atrophy occurred in the left prefrontal cortex, bilateral cingulate gyrus, and the right temporal lobe, while enlargement was observed in the bilateral putamen. WM atrophy was observed predominantly in the regions that regulate food intake, such as the bilateral basal ganglia, the right amygdala, and the left insula. The OO group exhibited lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in bilateral frontal corticospinal tracts and the right brainstem. Significant negative correlations were observed between FA values of those three clusters and BMI, and waist circumference, while the volume of bilateral putamen positively correlated with both BMI and waist circumference. High plasma LDL levels were correlated with low FA values in the right frontal corticospinal tract. Interestingly, the negative correlation was limited to male participants. CONCLUSIONS Obesity-related alterations of GM and WM volumes were observed predominantly in food reward circuit, which may motivate abnormal dietary intake. Further, early elevated plasma LDL might contribute to low right frontal FA values of male adults, which requires further demonstration by larger-scale and longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohui Lou
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Min Chen
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Xiaojie Luo
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
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Smallwood RF, Laird AR, Ramage AE, Parkinson AL, Lewis J, Clauw DJ, Williams DA, Schmidt-Wilcke T, Farrell MJ, Eickhoff SB, Robin DA. Structural brain anomalies and chronic pain: a quantitative meta-analysis of gray matter volume. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2013; 14:663-75. [PMID: 23685185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The diversity of chronic pain syndromes and the methods employed to study them make integrating experimental findings challenging. This study performed coordinate-based meta-analyses using voxel-based morphometry imaging results to examine gray matter volume (GMV) differences between chronic pain patients and healthy controls. There were 12 clusters where GMV was decreased in patients compared with controls, including many regions thought to be part of the "pain matrix" of regions involved in pain perception, but also including many other regions that are not commonly regarded as pain-processing areas. The right hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus were the only regions noted to have increased GMV in patients. Functional characterizations were implemented using the BrainMap database to determine which behavioral domains were significantly represented in these regions. The most common behavioral domains associated with these regions were cognitive, affective, and perceptual domains. Because many of these regions are not classically connected with pain and because there was such significance in functionality outside of perception, it is proposed that many of these regions are related to the constellation of comorbidities of chronic pain, such as fatigue and cognitive and emotional impairments. Further research into the mechanisms of GMV changes could provide a perspective on these findings. PERSPECTIVE Quantitative meta-analyses revealed structural differences between brains of individuals with chronic pain and healthy controls. These differences may be related to comorbidities of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel F Smallwood
- Joint Program in Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio and University of Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Brooks SJ, Benedict C, Burgos J, Kempton MJ, Kullberg J, Nordenskjöld R, Kilander L, Nylander R, Larsson EM, Johansson L, Ahlström H, Lind L, Schiöth HB. Late-life obesity is associated with smaller global and regional gray matter volumes: a voxel-based morphometric study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2012; 37:230-6. [PMID: 22290540 PMCID: PMC3572402 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2012.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Obesity adversely affects frontal lobe brain structure and function. Here we sought to show that people who are obese versus those who are of normal weight over a 5-year period have differential global and regional brain volumes. DESIGN: Using voxel-based morphometry, contrasts were done between those who were recorded as being either obese or of normal weight over two time points in the 5 years prior to the brain scan. In a post-hoc preliminary analysis, we compared scores for obese and normal weight people who completed the trail-making task. SUBJECTS: A total of 292 subjects were examined following exclusions (for example, owing to dementia, stroke and cortical infarcts) from the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors cohort with a body mass index of normal weight (<25 kg m−2) or obese (⩾30 kg m−2). RESULTS: People who were obese had significantly smaller total brain volumes and specifically, significantly reduced total gray matter (GM) volume (GMV) (with no difference in white matter or cerebrospinal fluid). Initial exploratory whole brain uncorrected analysis revealed that people who were obese had significantly smaller GMV in the bilateral supplementary motor area, bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), left inferior frontal gyrus and left postcentral gyrus. Secondary more stringent corrected analyses revealed a surviving cluster of GMV difference in the left DLPFC. Finally, post-hoc contrasts of scores on the trail-making task, which is linked to DLPFC function, revealed that obese people were significantly slower than those of normal weight. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that in comparison with normal weight, people who are obese have smaller GMV, particularly in the left DLPFC. Our results may provide evidence for a potential working memory mechanism for the cognitive suppression of appetite that may lower the risk of developing obesity in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Brooks
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden.
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14
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Abstract
There are many reports of relations between age and cognitive variables and of relations between age and variables representing different aspects of brain structure and a few reports of relations between brain structure variables and cognitive variables. These findings have sometimes led to inferences that the age-related brain changes cause the age-related cognitive changes. Although this conclusion may well be true, it is widely recognized that simple correlations are not sufficient to warrant causal conclusions, and other types of correlational information, such as mediation and correlations between longitudinal brain changes and longitudinal cognitive changes, also have limitations with respect to causal inferences. These issues are discussed, and the existing results on relations of regional volume, white matter hyperintensities, and diffusion tensor imaging measures of white matter integrity to age and to measures of cognitive functioning are reviewed. It is concluded that at the current time the evidence that these aspects of brain structure are neuroanatomical substrates of age-related cognitive decline is weak. The final section contains several suggestions concerning measurement and methodology that may lead to stronger conclusions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Salthouse
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4400, USA.
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15
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Brooks SJ, Barker GJ, O'Daly OG, Brammer M, Williams SCR, Benedict C, Schiöth HB, Treasure J, Campbell IC. Restraint of appetite and reduced regional brain volumes in anorexia nervosa: a voxel-based morphometric study. BMC Psychiatry 2011; 11:179. [PMID: 22093442 PMCID: PMC3278387 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-11-179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) studies of people with anorexia nervosa (AN) have shown differences in brain structure. This study aimed to provide preliminary extensions of this data by examining how different levels of appetitive restraint impact on brain volume. METHODS Voxel based morphometry (VBM), corrected for total intracranial volume, age, BMI, years of education in 14 women with AN (8 RAN and 6 BPAN) and 21 women (HC) was performed. Correlations between brain volume and dietary restraint were done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). RESULTS Increased right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and reduced right anterior insular cortex, bilateral parahippocampal gyrus, left fusiform gyrus, left cerebellum and right posterior cingulate volumes in AN compared to HC. RAN compared to BPAN had reduced left orbitofrontal cortex, right anterior insular cortex, bilateral parahippocampal gyrus and left cerebellum. Age negatively correlated with right DLPFC volume in HC but not in AN; dietary restraint and BMI predicted 57% of variance in right DLPFC volume in AN. CONCLUSIONS In AN, brain volume differences were found in appetitive, somatosensory and top-down control brain regions. Differences in regional GMV may be linked to levels of appetitive restraint, but whether they are state or trait is unclear. Nevertheless, these discrete brain volume differences provide candidate brain regions for further structural and functional study in people with eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Brooks
- Section of Eating Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF UK.
| | - Gareth J Barker
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Owen G O'Daly
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Michael Brammer
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Steven CR Williams
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | | | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Uppsala University, Department of Neuroscience, 75124 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Janet Treasure
- Section of Eating Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF UK
| | - Iain C Campbell
- Section of Eating Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF UK
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16
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Kalpouzos G, Persson J, Nyberg L. Local brain atrophy accounts for functional activity differences in normal aging. Neurobiol Aging 2011; 33:623.e1-623.e13. [PMID: 21524432 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Functional brain imaging studies of normal aging typically show age-related under- and overactivations during episodic memory tasks. Older individuals also undergo nonuniform gray matter volume (GMv) loss. Thus, age differences in functional brain activity could at least in part result from local atrophy. We conducted a series of voxel-based blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD)-GMv analyses to highlight whether age-related under- and overrecruitment was accounted for by GMv changes. Occipital GMv loss accounted for underrecruitment at encoding. Efficiency reduction of sensory-perceptual mechanisms underpinned by these areas may partly be due to local atrophy. At retrieval, local GMv loss accounted for age-related overactivation of left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, but not of left dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. Local atrophy also accounted for age-related overactivation in left lateral parietal cortex. Activity in these frontoparietal regions correlated with performance in the older group. Atrophy in the overrecruited regions was modest in comparison with other regions as shown by a between-group voxel-based morphometry comparison. Collectively, these findings link age-related structural differences to age-related functional under- as well as overrecruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoria Kalpouzos
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology (Physiology), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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17
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Beevers CG, Pacheco J, Clasen P, McGeary JE, Schnyer D. Prefrontal morphology, 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and biased attention for emotional stimuli. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2009; 9:224-33. [PMID: 20039945 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2009.00550.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Biased attention for emotional stimuli has been associated with vulnerability to psychopathology. This study examines the neural substrates of biased attention. Twenty-three adult women completed high-resolution structural imaging followed by a standard behavioral measure of biased attention (i.e. spatial cueing task). Participants were also genotyped for the serotonin transporter-linked promoter region (5-HTTLPR) gene. Results indicated that lateral prefrontal cortex (lPFC) morphology was inversely associated with maintained attention for positive and negative stimuli, but only among short 5-HTTLPR allele carriers. No such associations were observed for the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) or the amygdala. Results from this study suggest that brain regions involved in cognitive control of emotion are also associated with attentional biases for emotion stimuli among short 5-HTTLPR allele carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Beevers
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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