Anomaly in aortic arch alters pathological outcome of transient global ischemia in Rhesus macaques

Morphology of the pattern of branching of the aortic arch (Arcus aortae) in Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus)

The branching patterns of the aortic arches of 28 adult male and female Syrian hamsters (SH) were thoroughly examined under a stereomicroscope for the first time by using latex injection and corrosion casting to determine their general arrangements and morphological variations as well as their differences and similarities to other rodents and rabbits. Three major arteries, namely, the brachiocephalic trunk (BC), left common carotid artery (CC) and left subclavian artery (SA), originating from the aortic arch (AR), were uniformly noted in SH. The BC was consistently divided into the right SA and the right CA. SA in SH normally releases the internal thoracic, deep cervical, dorsal scapular, vertebral, superficial cervical and supreme intercostal arteries. The costocervical trunk typically consisted of supreme intercostal and internal thoracic arteries and a common trunk for dorsal scapular and deep cervical arteries. To comprehend the comparative morphology of the pattern of branching of AR more completely, our results were compared with previous studies in rodents and rabbits. (1) The general morphology of the great arteries from AR in SH was similar to that in mole rats, rats, mice, porcupines, and gerbils but was essentially different from that in rabbits, guinea pigs, red squirrels, ground squirrels, pacas and chinchillas. (2) The typical pattern of the branching of the subclavian arteries in SH was similar to that in guinea pigs, rats, and rabbits but was different from that of the reported rodents regardless of the origins of the bronchoesophageal and internal thoracic arteries and the composition of the costocervical trunk.

Bilateral common carotid artery common trunk with aberrant right subclavian artery combined with right subclavian steal syndrome: A case report

BACKGROUND

We report a rare case of numbness in the right hand, finally diagnosed as bilateral common carotid artery common trunk with aberrant right subclavian artery combined with right subclavian steal syndrome and explain the cause of these diseases.

CASE SUMMARY

The patient was a 65-year-old woman. She complained of dizziness, numbness and weakness of the right hand for 6 mo. She was diagnosed with bilateral common carotid artery common trunk with aberrant right subclavian artery combined with right subclavian steal syndrome by ultrasound, enhanced computed tomography, computed tomography angiography and other examinations. Considering the surgical risks, the patient refused the aberrant right subclavian artery stent implantation and was discharged. We hypothesize that these two kinds of deformity and right subclavian steal syndrome may not occur by accident and result from multiple malformations.

CONCLUSION

Bilateral common carotid artery common trunk with aberrant right subclavian artery combined with right subclavian steal syndrome is rare. This case reminds interventional radiologists of the possibility of these abnormalities before surgery.

Endovascular Ischemic Stroke Models in Nonhuman Primates

To bridge the gap between rodent and human studies, the Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtable committee suggests that nonhuman primates (NHPs) be used for preclinical, translational stroke studies. Owing to the fact that vast majority of ischemic strokes are caused by transient or permanent occlusion of a cerebral blood vessel eventually leading to brain infarction, ischemia induced by endovascular methods closely mimics thromboembolic or thrombotic cerebrovascular occlusion in patients. This review will make a thorough summary of transient or permanent occlusions of a cerebral blood vessel in NHPs using endovascular methods. Then, advantages and disadvantages, and potential applications will be analyzed for each kind of models. Additionally, we also make a further analysis based on different kinds of emboli, various occlusion sites, infract size, abnormal hemodynamics, and potential dysfunctions. Experimental models of ischemic stroke in NHPs are valuable tools to analyze specific facets of stroke in patients, especially those induced by endovascular methods.