1
|
Barna L, Walter FR, Harazin A, Bocsik A, Kincses A, Tubak V, Jósvay K, Zvara Á, Campos-Bedolla P, Deli MA. Simvastatin, edaravone and dexamethasone protect against kainate-induced brain endothelial cell damage. Fluids Barriers CNS 2020; 17:5. [PMID: 32036791 PMCID: PMC7008534 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-019-0166-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excitotoxicity is a central pathological pathway in many neurological diseases with blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. Kainate, an exogenous excitotoxin, induces epilepsy and BBB damage in animal models, but the direct effect of kainate on brain endothelial cells has not been studied in detail. Our aim was to examine the direct effects of kainate on cultured cells of the BBB and to test three anti-inflammatory and antioxidant drugs used in clinical practice, simvastatin, edaravone and dexamethasone, to protect against kainate-induced changes. METHODS Primary rat brain endothelial cell, pericyte and astroglia cultures were used to study cell viability by impedance measurement. BBB permeability was measured on a model made from the co-culture of the three cell types. The production of nitrogen monoxide and reactive oxygen species was followed by fluorescent probes. The mRNA expression of kainate receptors and nitric oxide synthases were studied by PCR. RESULTS Kainate damaged brain endothelial cells and made the immunostaining of junctional proteins claudin-5 and zonula occludens-1 discontinuous at the cell border indicating the opening of the barrier. The permeability of the BBB model for marker molecules fluorescein and albumin and the production of nitric oxide in brain endothelial cells were increased by kainate. Simvastatin, edaravone and dexamethasone protected against the reduced cell viability, increased permeability and the morphological changes in cellular junctions caused by kainate. Dexamethasone attenuated the elevated nitric oxide production and decreased the inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2/iNOS) mRNA expression increased by kainate treatment. CONCLUSION Kainate directly damaged cultured brain endothelial cells. Simvastatin, edaravone and dexamethasone protected the BBB model against kainate-induced changes. Our results confirmed the potential clinical usefulness of these drugs to attenuate BBB damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilla Barna
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged, 6726, Hungary.,Doctoral School in Biology, University of Szeged, Somogyi u. 4, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Fruzsina R Walter
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - András Harazin
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Bocsik
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - András Kincses
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Vilmos Tubak
- Creative Laboratory Ltd., Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Katalin Jósvay
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Zvara
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Patricia Campos-Bedolla
- Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Enfermedades Neurologicas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, 06720, Ciudad de México, DF, México
| | - Mária A Deli
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged, 6726, Hungary. .,Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Molecular Mechanisms behind Free Radical Scavengers Function against Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:antiox6030051. [PMID: 28698499 PMCID: PMC5618079 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6030051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows that oxidative stress is involved in a wide variety of human diseases: rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cancers, etc. Here, we discuss the significance of oxidative conditions in different disease, with the focus on neurodegenerative disease including Parkinson's disease, which is mainly caused by oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS, respectively), collectively known as RONS, are produced by cellular enzymes such as myeloperoxidase, NADPH-oxidase (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Natural antioxidant systems are categorized into enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant groups. The former includes a number of enzymes such as catalase and glutathione peroxidase, while the latter contains a number of antioxidants acquired from dietary sources including vitamin C, carotenoids, flavonoids and polyphenols. There are also scavengers used for therapeutic purposes, such as 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) used routinely in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (not as a free radical scavenger), and 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one (Edaravone) that acts as a free radical detoxifier frequently used in acute ischemic stroke. The cell surviving properties of L-DOPA and Edaravone against oxidative stress conditions rely on the alteration of a number of stress proteins such as Annexin A1, Peroxiredoxin-6 and PARK7/DJ-1 (Parkinson disease protein 7, also known as Protein deglycase DJ-1). Although they share the targets in reversing the cytotoxic effects of H₂O₂, they seem to have distinct mechanism of function. Exposure to L-DOPA may result in hypoxia condition and further induction of ORP150 (150-kDa oxygen-regulated protein) with its concomitant cytoprotective effects but Edaravone seems to protect cells via direct induction of Peroxiredoxin-2 and inhibition of apoptosis.
Collapse
|
3
|
Hypoxia-induced production of peptidylarginine deiminases and citrullinated proteins in malignant glioma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 482:50-56. [PMID: 27818200 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, it has been reported that hypoxia highly enhances expression of peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) 4 and production of citrullinated proteins in some tumor cells. However, little is known about malignant gliomas on this issue. Therefore, we here investigated whether expression of PADs was induced by hypoxia and whether PADs citrullinated intracellular proteins if induced using U-251 MG cells of a human malignant glioma cell line. METHODS Expression of PADs in U-251 MG cells, cultured under hypoxia or normoxia for 24 h, was investigated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Citrullination of proteins in the cells and the cell lysates incubated for 48 h with or without Ca2+ was detected by western blotting. Citrullinated proteins were identified by mass spectrometry. RESULTS The mRNA levels of PAD1, 2, 3, and 4 were up-regulated by hypoxia in a hypoxia-inducible factor-1-dependent manner in U-251 MG cells. In spite of the increased expression, intracellular proteins were not citrullinated. However, the induced PADs citrullinated U-251 MG cell-derived proteins when the cells were lysed. Multiple proteins citrullinated by hypoxia-induced PADs were identified. In addition, the extracellular domain of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 was citrullinated by human PAD2 in vitro. CONCLUSION Our data may contribute to understanding of pathophysiology of malignant gliomas from the aspects of protein citrullination.
Collapse
|
4
|
Karamanos Y, Pottiez G. Proteomics and the blood-brain barrier: how recent findings help drug development. Expert Rev Proteomics 2016; 13:251-8. [PMID: 26778576 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2016.1143780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The drug discovery and development processes are divided into different stages separated by milestones to indicate that significant progress has been made and that certain criteria for target validation, hits, leads and candidate drugs have been met. Proteomics is a promising approach for the identification of protein targets and biochemical pathways involved in disease process and thus plays an important role in several stages of the drug development. The blood-brain barrier is considered as a major bottleneck when trying to target new compounds to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Based on the survey of recent findings and with a projection on expected improvements, this report attempt to address how proteomics participates in drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yannis Karamanos
- a Laboratoire de la Barrière Hématoencéphalique (LBHE) , Univesrité d'Artois EA2465 , Lens , France
| | - Gwënaël Pottiez
- a Laboratoire de la Barrière Hématoencéphalique (LBHE) , Univesrité d'Artois EA2465 , Lens , France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tang DQ, Li YJ, Li Z, Bian TT, Chen K, Zheng XX, Yu YY, Jiang SS. Study on the interaction of plasma protein binding rate between edaravone and taurine in human plasma based on HPLC analysis coupled with ultrafiltration technique. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 29:1137-45. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dao-quan Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou Jiangsu 221004 China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou Jiangsu 221004 China
| | - Yin-jie Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou Jiangsu 221004 China
| | - Zheng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou Jiangsu 221004 China
| | - Ting-ting Bian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou Jiangsu 221004 China
| | - Kai Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou Jiangsu 221004 China
| | - Xiao-xiao Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou Jiangsu 221004 China
| | - Yan-yan Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou Jiangsu 221004 China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou Jiangsu 221004 China
| | - Shui-shi Jiang
- Nanjing Yoko Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd; Nanjing Jiangsu 210046 China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Karamanos Y, Gosselet F, Dehouck MP, Cecchelli R. Blood–Brain Barrier Proteomics: Towards the Understanding of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Arch Med Res 2014; 45:730-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
7
|
Tóth AE, Walter FR, Bocsik A, Sántha P, Veszelka S, Nagy L, Puskás LG, Couraud PO, Takata F, Dohgu S, Kataoka Y, Deli MA. Edaravone protects against methylglyoxal-induced barrier damage in human brain endothelial cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100152. [PMID: 25033388 PMCID: PMC4102474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Elevated level of reactive carbonyl species, such as methylglyoxal, triggers carbonyl stress and activates a series of inflammatory responses leading to accelerated vascular damage. Edaravone is the active substance of a Japanese medicine, which aids neurological recovery following acute brain ischemia and subsequent cerebral infarction. Our aim was to test whether edaravone can exert a protective effect on the barrier properties of human brain endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3 cell line) treated with methylglyoxal. Methodology Cell viability was monitored in real-time by impedance-based cell electronic sensing. The barrier function of the monolayer was characterized by measurement of resistance and flux of permeability markers, and visualized by immunohistochemistry for claudin-5 and β-catenin. Cell morphology was also examined by holographic phase imaging. Principal Findings Methylglyoxal exerted a time- and dose-dependent toxicity on cultured human brain endothelial cells: a concentration of 600 µM resulted in about 50% toxicity, significantly reduced the integrity and increased the permeability of the barrier. The cell morphology also changed dramatically: the area of cells decreased, their optical height significantly increased. Edaravone (3 mM) provided a complete protection against the toxic effect of methylglyoxal. Co-administration of edaravone restored cell viability, barrier integrity and functions of brain endothelial cells. Similar protection was obtained by the well-known antiglycating molecule, aminoguanidine, our reference compound. Conclusion These results indicate for the first time that edaravone is protective in carbonyl stress induced barrier damage. Our data may contribute to the development of compounds to treat brain endothelial dysfunction in carbonyl stress related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea E. Tóth
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Fruzsina R. Walter
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Bocsik
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Petra Sántha
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Veszelka
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | | | - Pierre-Olivier Couraud
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Fuyuko Takata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinya Dohgu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Kataoka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mária A. Deli
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ohtsuki S, Hirayama M, Ito S, Uchida Y, Tachikawa M, Terasaki T. Quantitative targeted proteomics for understanding the blood-brain barrier: towards pharmacoproteomics. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 11:303-13. [PMID: 24702234 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2014.893830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is formed by brain capillary endothelial cells linked together via complex tight junctions, and serves to prevent entry of drugs into the brain. Multiple transporters are expressed at the BBB, where they control exchange of materials between the circulating blood and brain interstitial fluid, thereby supporting and protecting the CNS. An understanding of the BBB is necessary for efficient development of CNS-acting drugs and to identify potential drug targets for treatment of CNS diseases. Quantitative targeted proteomics can provide detailed information on protein expression levels at the BBB. The present review highlights the latest applications of quantitative targeted proteomics in BBB research, specifically to evaluate species and in vivo-in vitro differences, and to reconstruct in vivo transport activity. Such a BBB quantitative proteomics approach can be considered as pharmacoproteomics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumio Ohtsuki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|