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Olin S, Schildt J, Lane M, Odunayo A, Springer C, Call D, Jones S, Geiser D, Millis D, Drum M. The effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on snake-bite-associated wounds in dogs. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2024; 34:211-221. [PMID: 38761038 DOI: 10.1111/vec.13383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on Crotalinae envenomation-induced wound swelling and severity and pain in dogs, and to describe the safety and complications of HBOT. DESIGN Prospective, randomized, controlled, blinded study (2017-2021). SETTING University teaching hospital, private veterinary practice. ANIMALS Thirty-six client-owned dogs presenting within 24 hours of a confirmed or suspected naturally occurring Crotalinae snake bite injury were enrolled between 2017 and 2021. INTERVENTIONS In addition to the standard of care treatment, dogs received 2 interventions with either HBOT (n = 19) or control (n = 16) within 24 hours of hospital admission. Dogs receiving HBOT were pressurized over 15 minutes (1 psi/min), maintained at a target pressure of 2 atmosphere absolute (ATA) for 30 minutes, and decompressed over 15 minutes. Control dogs received 1 ATA for 1 hour. Local wound swelling, wound severity score, and pain score were assessed at admission, before and after each intervention, and at hospital discharge. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS There was no significant difference in wound swelling (P = 0.414), severity score (P = 1.000), or pain score (P = 0.689) between HBOT and control groups. Pain decreased significantly over time regardless of the study intervention (P < 0.001). There were no major adverse effects associated with either study intervention. CONCLUSIONS HBOT did not significantly alter the short-term recovery from Crotalinae envenomation in this study population. However, the study might be underpowered to detect a significant treatment effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly Olin
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Julie Schildt
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Adesola Odunayo
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Cary Springer
- Research Computing Support, Office of Information Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Dana Call
- Neel Veterinary Hospital, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Selene Jones
- Allergy Skin and Ear Clinic for Pets, Livonia, Michigan, USA
| | - Dennis Geiser
- Hospital Administration, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Daryl Millis
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Marti Drum
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
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Chen X, You J, Ma H, Zhou M, Huang C. Efficacy and safety of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for fibromyalgia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e062322. [PMID: 36690401 PMCID: PMC9872467 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy and safety of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) for fibromyalgia (FM). DESIGN A systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, VIP (China Science and Technology Journal Database), CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) and WanFang database were searched from from inception to 22 October 2022. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA We included clinical trials (randomised controlled and non-randomised controlled trials) of HBOT for FM. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data and evaluated the quality of the included studies, with disagreements resolved by a third researcher. The Cochrane Collaboration checklists and the Methodological Index for Non-randomised Studies were used to assess the risk of bias. Meta-analysis was performed by RevMan V.5.4.1 software. Random effect models were used for meta-analysis. RESULTS Nine studies were included in this review, with a total of 288 patients. For pain assessment, we combined the results of the Visual Analogue Scale and Widespread Pain Index. The results showed that HBOT could relieve the pain of FM patients compared with the control intervention (standardised mean difference=-1.56, 95% CI (-2.18 to -0.93), p<0.001, I 2=51%). Most included studies reported that HBOT ameliorated tender points, fatigue, multidimensional function, patient global and sleep disturbance in FM. Adverse events occurred in 44 of 185 patients (23.8%). Twelve patients (6.5%) withdrew because of adverse reactions. No serious adverse events or complications were observed. CONCLUSIONS HBOT might have a positive effect in improving pain, tender points, fatigue, multidimensional function, patient global and sleep disturbance in FM, with reversible side effects. Low pressure (less than 2.0 atmospheric absolute) may be beneficial to reduce adverse events in FM. Further studies should be carried out to evaluate the optimal protocol of HBOT in FM. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42021282920.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Chen
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiuhong You
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mei Zhou
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Dose-Dependent Effect of Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment on Burn-Induced Neuropathic Pain in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081951. [PMID: 31010055 PMCID: PMC6514672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) has been used to reduce neuropathic pain. Melatonin and opioid receptors are involved in neuropathic pain, but it is not known if HBOT works through these pathways to achieve its antinociceptive effect. We divided anesthetized rats into two treatment and three sham groups. The two treatment groups received third-degree burns on their right hind paws, one treated in a hyperbaric chamber for a week and the other for two weeks. We evaluated the mechanical paw-withdrawal threshold (MWT) and expression of melatonin receptor 1 (MT1), melatonin receptor 2 (MT2), μ (MOR) and κ (KOR) opioid receptor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Substance P, and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in cuneate nucleus, dorsal horn, and hind paw skin by immunohistochemical, immunofluorescence assays and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The group receiving one-week HBOT had increased expressions of MT1, MT2, MOR and KOR and decreased expressions of BDNF, Substance P, and CGRP. Their mechanically measured pain levels returned to normal within a week and lasted three weeks. This anti-allodynia effect lasted twice as long in those treated for two weeks. Our findings suggest that increasing the duration of HBOT can reduce burn-induced mechanical allodynia for an extended period of time in rats. The upregulation of melatonin and opioid receptors observed after one week of HBOT suggests they may be partly involved in attenuation of the mechanical allodynia. Downregulation of BDNF, substance P and CGRP may have also contributed to the overall beneficial effect of HBOT.
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Zhang Y, Brewer AL, Nelson JT, Smith PT, Shirachi DY, Quock RM. Hyperbaric oxygen produces a nitric oxide synthase-regulated anti-allodynic effect in rats with paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain. Brain Res 2019; 1711:41-47. [PMID: 30629945 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Research has demonstrated that hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) treatment produced relief of both acute and chronic pain in patients and animal models. However, the mechanism of HBO2 antinociceptive effect is still elusive. Based on our earlier findings that implicate NO in the acute antinociceptive effect of HBO2, the purpose of this study was to ascertain whether HBO2-induced antinociception in a chronic neuropathic pain model is likewise dependent on NO. Neuropathic pain was induced in male Sprague Dawley rats by four injections of paclitaxel (1.0 mg/kg, i.p.). Twenty-four hours after the last paclitaxel injection, rats were treated for one day or four consecutive days with 60-min HBO2 at 3.5 atmospheres absolute (ATA). Two days before HBO2 treatment, some groups of rats were implanted with Alzet® osmotic minipumps that continuously infused a selective inhibitor of neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) into the lateral cerebral ventricle for 7 days. Mechanical and cold allodynia were assessed every other day, using electronic von Frey and acetone assays, respectively. Rats in the paclitaxel control group exhibited a mechanical or cold allodynia that was significantly reversed by one HBO2 treatment for mechanical allodynia and four HBO2 treatments for cold allodynic. In rats treated with the nNOS inhibitor, the effects of HBO2 were nullified in the mechanical allodynia test but unaffected in the cold allodynia test. In summary, these results demonstrate that the antiallodynic effect of HBO2 in two different pain tests is dependent on NO in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangmiao Zhang
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman 99164, WA, USA
| | - Abigail L Brewer
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman 99164, WA, USA
| | - Jordan T Nelson
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman 99164, WA, USA
| | - Paxton T Smith
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman 99164, WA, USA
| | - Donald Y Shirachi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Raymond M Quock
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman 99164, WA, USA; Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman 99164, WA, USA; Translational Addiction Research Center, Washington State University, Pullman 99164, WA, USA.
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Hyperbaric oxygen and aerobic exercise in the long-term treatment of fibromyalgia: A narrative review. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:629-638. [PMID: 30399600 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is one of the most common clinical presentations in the primary care settings. In the US, Fibromyalgia (FM) affects about 1-3% of adults and commonly occurs in adults between the ages of 40-50 years. FM causes widespread muscular pain and tenderness with hyperalgesia and allodynia and may be associated with other somatic complaints. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been utilized and has recently shown promising effects in the management of FM and other chronic pain disorders. In HBOT, the intermittent breathing of 100% oxygen in a pressurized chamber where the pressure is higher than 1 atmosphere absolute (ATA) has been utilized. HBOT exhibits a significant anti-inflammatory effect through reducing production of glial cells and inflammatory mediators which results in pain alleviation in different chronic pain conditions. HBOT can also influence neuroplasticity and affects the mitochondrial mechanisms resulting in functional brain changes. In addition to that, HBOT stimulates nitric oxide (NO) synthesis which helps in alleviating hyperalgesia and NO-dependent release of endogenous opioids which seemed to be the primary HBOT mechanism of antinociception. Moreover, aerobic exercise and meditative movement therapies (MMT) have gained attention for their role in pain alleviation through different anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms. In this review, we aim to elucidate the different mechanisms of HBOT and aerobic exercise in attenuating pain as adjuvant therapy in the multidisciplinary treatment strategy of chronic pain, and more particularly fibromyalgia.
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Brewer AL, Liu S, Buhler AV, Shirachi DY, Quock RM. Role of spinal GABA receptors in the acute antinociceptive response of mice to hyperbaric oxygen. Brain Res 2018; 1699:107-116. [PMID: 30077648 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
New pain treatments are in demand due to the pervasive nature of pain conditions. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) has shown potential in treating pain in both clinical and preclinical settings, although the mechanism of this effect is still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the major inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is involved in HBO2-induced antinociception in the central nervous system (CNS). To accomplish this goal, pharmacological interactions between GABA drugs and HBO2 were investigated using the behavioral acetic acid abdominal constriction test. Western blotting was used to quantify protein changes that might occur as a result of the interactions. GABAA but not GABAB receptor antagonists dose-dependently reduced HBO2 antinociception, while antagonism of the GABA reuptake transporter enhanced this effect. Western blot results showed an interaction between the pain stimulus and HBO2 on expression of the phosphorylated β3 subunit of the GABAA receptor at S408/409 in homogenates of the lumbar but not thoracic spinal cord. A significant interaction was also found in neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) expression in the lumbar but not thoracic spinal cord. These findings support the notion that GABA may be involved in HBO2-induced antinociception at the GABAA receptor but indicate that more study will be needed to understand the intricacies of this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail L Brewer
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Shulin Liu
- Department of Aviation Medicine, Naval Medicine Research Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Amber V Buhler
- School of Pharmacy, Pacific University Oregon, Hillsboro, OR 97123, USA
| | - Donald Y Shirachi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Raymond M Quock
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; Translational Addiction Research Center, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
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Nicoara D, Zhang Y, Nelson JT, Brewer AL, Maharaj P, DeWald SN, Shirachi DY, Quock RM. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment suppresses withdrawal signs in morphine-dependent mice. Brain Res 2016; 1648:434-437. [PMID: 27534375 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy reportedly reduces opiate withdrawal in human subjects. The purpose of this research was to determine whether HBO2 treatment could suppress physical signs of withdrawal in opiate-dependent mice. Male NIH Swiss mice were injected s.c. with morphine sulfate twice a day for 4 days, the daily dose gradually increasing from 50mg/kg on day 1 to 125mg/kg on day 4. On day 5, withdrawal was precipitated by i.p. injection of 5.0mg/kg naloxone. Mice were observed for physical withdrawal signs, including jumping, forepaw tremor, wet-dog shakes, rearing and defecation for 30min. Sixty min prior to the naloxone injection, different groups of mice received either a 30-min or 60-min HBO2 treatment at 3.5atm absolute. HBO2 treatment significantly reduced naloxone-precipitated jumping, forepaw tremor, wet-dog shakes, rearing and defecation. Based on these experimental findings, we concluded that treatment with HBO2 can suppress physical signs of withdrawal syndrome in morphine-dependent mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nicoara
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Yangmiao Zhang
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Jordan T Nelson
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Abigail L Brewer
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Prianka Maharaj
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Shea N DeWald
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Donald Y Shirachi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of the Pacific Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Stockton, CA, USA
| | - Raymond M Quock
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA; Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA; Translational Addiction Research Center, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
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RASMUSSEN VM, BORGEN AE, JANSEN EC, ROTBØLL NIELSEN PH, WERNER MU. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy attenuates central sensitization induced by a thermal injury in humans. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2015; 59:749-62. [PMID: 25735985 DOI: 10.1111/aas.12492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2 ) treatment has in animal experiments demonstrated antinociceptive effects. It was hypothesized that these effects would attenuate secondary hyperalgesia areas (SHAs), an expression of central sensitization, after a first-degree thermal injury in humans. METHODS Seventeen healthy volunteers were examined during two sessions using a randomized crossover design. Volunteers were studied during control conditions (ambient pressure, FI O2 = 0.21) and during HBO2 (2.4 standard atmosphere, FI O2 = 1.0, 90 min) conditions in a pressure chamber. Quantitative sensory testing, including assessment of SHAs was performed. RESULTS A statistically significant overall attenuation of SHAs was seen during the HBO2 sessions compared with the control-sessions (P = 0.011). In the eight volunteers starting with the HBO2 session, no difference in SHAs compared with control was demonstrated. However, in the nine volunteers starting with the control session, a statistical significant attenuation of SHAs was demonstrated in the HBO2 session (P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that HBO2 therapy in humans attenuates central sensitization induced by a thermal skin injury, compared with control. These new and original findings in humans corroborate animal experimental data. The thermal injury model may give impetus to future human neurophysiological studies exploring the central effects of hyperbaric oxygen treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. M. RASMUSSEN
- Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Neuroscience Center; Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen University Hospitals; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - A. E. BORGEN
- Hyperbaric Unit; Department of Anaesthesia; Head and Orthopedic Center; Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen University Hospitals; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - E. C. JANSEN
- Hyperbaric Unit; Department of Anaesthesia; Head and Orthopedic Center; Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen University Hospitals; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - P. H. ROTBØLL NIELSEN
- Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Neuroscience Center; Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen University Hospitals; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - M. U. WERNER
- Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Neuroscience Center; Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen University Hospitals; Copenhagen Denmark
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Sutherland AM, Clarke HA, Katz J, Katznelson R. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy: A New Treatment for Chronic Pain? Pain Pract 2015; 16:620-8. [PMID: 25988526 DOI: 10.1111/papr.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a treatment providing 100% oxygen at a pressure greater than that at sea level. HBOT is becoming increasingly recognized as a potential treatment modality for a broad range of ailments, including chronic pain. In this narrative review, we discuss the current understanding of pathophysiology of nociceptive, inflammatory and neuropathic pain, and the body of animal studies addressing mechanisms by which HBOT may ameliorate these different types of pain. Finally, we review clinical studies suggesting that HBOT may be useful in treating chronic pain syndromes, including chronic headache, fibromyalgia, complex regional pain syndrome, and trigeminal neuralgia. DATABASE AND DATA TREATMENT A comprehensive search through MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies relating to HBOT and pain was performed using the following keywords: hyperbaric oxygen therapy or hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT), nociceptive pain, inflammatory pain, neuropathic pain, HBOT AND pain, HBOT AND headache, HBOT AND fibromyalgia, HBOT AND complex regional pain syndrome, and HBOT AND trigeminal neuralgia. RESULTS Twenty-five studies examining the role of HBOT in animal models of pain and human clinical trials were found and reviewed for this narrative review. CONCLUSIONS HBOT has been shown to reduce pain using animal models. Early clinical research indicates HBOT may also be useful in modulating human pain; however, further studies are required to determine whether HBOT is a safe and efficacious treatment modality for chronic pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainsley M Sutherland
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hance A Clarke
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joel Katz
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rita Katznelson
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Hyperbaric Medical Unit, Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-sixth consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2013 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior, and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia; stress and social status; tolerance and dependence; learning and memory; eating and drinking; alcohol and drugs of abuse; sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology; mental illness and mood; seizures and neurologic disorders; electrical-related activity and neurophysiology; general activity and locomotion; gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions; cardiovascular responses; respiration and thermoregulation; and immunological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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