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Larit F, León F. Therapeutics to Treat Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders: A Promising Perspective from Algerian Traditional Medicine. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3860. [PMID: 38005756 PMCID: PMC10674704 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Ancient people sought out drugs in nature to prevent, cure, and treat their diseases, including mental illnesses. Plants were their primary source for meeting their healthcare needs. In Algeria, folk medicine remains a fundamental part of the local intangible knowledge. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive ethnomedicinal investigation and documentation of medicinal plants and the different plant formulations traditionally used in Algeria for the treatment of pain, psychiatric, and neurological disorders. It also intends to improve the current knowledge of Algerian folk medicine. Several scientific databases were used to accomplish this work. Based on this investigation, we identified 82 plant species belonging to 69 genera and spanning 38 distinct botanical families used as remedies to treat various psychological and neurological conditions. Their traditional uses and methods of preparation, along with their phytochemical composition, main bioactive constituents, and toxicity were noted. Therefore, this review provides a new resource of information on Algerian medicinal plants used in the treatment and management of neurological and psychological diseases, which can be useful not only for the documentation and conservation of traditional knowledge, but also for conducting future phytochemical and pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farida Larit
- Laboratoire d’Obtention de Substances Thérapeutiques (LOST), Université Frères Mentouri-Constantine 1, Route de Ain El Bey, Constantine 25017, Algeria
| | - Francisco León
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;
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Li Y, Deng X, Xiong H, Hu Q, Chen Y, Zhang W, Ma X, Zhao Y. Deciphering the toxicity-effect relationship and action patterns of traditional Chinese medicines from a smart data perspective: a comprehensive review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1278014. [PMID: 37915415 PMCID: PMC10617680 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1278014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In Chinese medicine, the primary considerations revolve around toxicity and effect. The clinical goal is to achieve maximize effect while minimizing toxicity. Nevertheless, both clinical and experimental research has revealed a distinct relationship between these two patterns of action in toxic Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM). These TCM often exhibit characteristic "double-sided" or "multi-faceted" features under varying pathological conditions, transitioning between effective and toxic roles. This complexity adds a layer of challenge to unraveling the ultimate objectives of Traditional Chinese medicine. To address this complexity, various hypotheses have been proposed to explain the toxicity and effect of Traditional Chinese Medicines. These hypotheses encompass the magic shrapnel theory for effect, the adverse outcome pathway framework, and the indirect toxic theory for toxicity. This review primarily focuses on high-, medium-, and low-toxicity Traditional Chinese Medicines as listed in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. It aims to elucidate the essential intrinsic mechanisms and elements contributing to their toxicity and effectiveness. The critical factors influencing the mechanisms of toxicity and effect are the optimal dosage and duration of TCM administration. However, unraveling the toxic-effect relationships in TCM presents a formidable challenge due to its multi-target and multi-pathway mechanisms of action. We propose the integration of multi-omics technology to comprehensively analyze the fundamental metabolites, mechanisms of action, and toxic effects of TCM. This comprehensive approach can provide valuable insights into the intricate relationship between the effect and toxicity of these TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Huiling Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qichao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Bioactive Compounds, Pharmacological Actions, and Pharmacokinetics of Wormwood ( Artemisia absinthium). Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9060353. [PMID: 32585887 PMCID: PMC7345338 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9060353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants have been used since ancient times to cure certain infectious diseases, and some of them are now standard treatments for several diseases. Due to the side effects and resistance of pathogenic microorganisms to antibiotics and most drugs on the market, a great deal of attention has been paid to extracts and biologically active compounds isolated from plant species used in herbal medicine. Artemisia absinthium is an important perennial shrubby plant that has been widely used for the treatment of several ailments. Traditionally, A. absinthium has always been of pharmaceutical and botanical importance and used to manage several disorders including hepatocyte enlargement, hepatitis, gastritis, jaundice, wound healing, splenomegaly, dyspepsia, indigestion, flatulence, gastric pain, anemia, and anorexia. It has also been documented to possess antioxidant, antifungal, antimicrobial, anthelmintic, anti-ulcer, anticarcinogenic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, antidepressant, analgesic, immunomodulatory, and cytotoxic activity. Long-term use of A. absinthium essential oil may cause toxic and mental disorders in humans with clinical manifestations including convulsions, sleeplessness, and hallucinations. Combination chemotherapies of artemisia extract or its isolated active constituents with the currently available antibabesial or anti-malarial drugs are now documented to relieve malaria and piroplasmosis infections. The current review examines the phytoconstituents, toxic and biological activities of A. absinthium.
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Hasan MS, Uddin MG, Shoibe M, Mahmud AA, Banik S. Evaluation of anxiolytic and hypoglycemic potential of Cissus adnata Roxb. in animal model. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 17:/j/jcim.ahead-of-print/jcim-2018-0130/jcim-2018-0130.xml. [PMID: 31647780 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2018-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background This study was designed to evaluate the anxiolytic and hypoglycemic potential of methanolic extract of Cissus adnata Roxb. is a crucial medicinal plant used in many disorders belongs to Vitaceae family. Methods Elevated plus maze (EPM) test and hole board test was applied for the anxiolytic activity with the Swiss albino mice. The hypoglycemic activity was measured by the glucose tolerance test in mice model. The capacity to produce the desired effect of the plant extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) was compared with the anxiolytic drug of standard diazepam (1 mg/kg i.p.) and anti-diabetic drug glibenclamide (10 mg/kg i.p.), respectively. Results The phytochemical screening of Cissus adnata extract exposed the presence of carbohydrate, phenol, flavonoid, saponins, cardiac glycoside, tannin, and gum. The anxiolytic effect was detected in both experiments which significantly raised the number of head dips and the time spent in the open arm of the EPM (p<0.05) as the dose enlarged. Hypoglycemic study of the extracts shows better effect by reducing blood glucose level. Conclusions The better anxiolytic and hypoglycemic activities in the present study are due to the existence of various phytochemical constituents like saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols, and tannins in this methanolic extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Shamim Hasan
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Giash Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Shoibe
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4203, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Mahmud
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Sujan Banik
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
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Oliveira Júnior RGD, Ferraz CAA, Silva JC, de Andrade Teles RB, Silva MG, Diniz TC, Dos Santos US, de Souza AVV, Nunes CEP, Salvador MJ, Lorenzo VP, Quintans Júnior LJ, Almeida JRGDS. Neuropharmacological effects of essential oil from the leaves of Croton conduplicatus Kunth and possible mechanisms of action involved. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 221:65-76. [PMID: 29627297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Croton conduplicatus Kunth (Euphorbiaceae) is a Brazilian aromatic medicinal plant, widely known as "quebra-faca". In folk medicine, its leaves and stem-barks are used as a natural analgesic for the treatment of headaches. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we describe for the first time the neuropharmacological potential of the essential oil obtained from the leaves of Croton conduplicatus (EO) in experimental models of pain, anxiety and insomnia. The mechanisms of action involved in these activities were also investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS Different experimental models were used to evaluate the antinociceptive (acetic acid, formalin-induced nociception and hot plate tests), anxiolytic (elevated plus maze and hole board tests) and sedative (thiopental-induced sleeping time) effects of EO in mice. EO was evaluated in three different doses (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, i.p.) and compared with positive and negative controls in all experimental protocols. When appropriate, animals were pretreated with pharmacological antagonists (naloxone, atropine and flumazenil) in order to evaluate the mechanisms of action involved. A docking study also was performed to identify possible targets involved. RESULTS EO (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, i.p.) demonstrated a significant antinociceptive activity in all experimental models. Pretreatment with naloxone or atropine reversed the antinociceptive response (p < 0.05), suggesting the involvement of opioid and muscarinic receptors, respectively. A docking study was performed with the major components identified in EO (1,8 cineole - 21.42%, spathulenol - 15.47%, p-cymene - 12.41% and caryophyllene oxide - 12.15%), demonstrating favorable interaction profile with different subtypes of muscarinic (M2, M3 and M4) and opioids (delta and mu) receptors. EO also showed anxiolytic (mainly at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg, i.p.) and sedative (only at the dose of 100 mg/kg, i.p.) effects in mice. These pharmacological responses were reversed by flumazenil (p < 0.05), indicating possible involvement of GABAA receptors. CONCLUSION Our findings support the traditional use of this plant as a natural analgesic and suggest that EO is a multi-target natural product, presenting not only antinociceptive effect but also anxiolytic and sedative activities depending on the dose used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimundo Gonçalves de Oliveira Júnior
- Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas de Plantas Medicinais (NEPLAME), Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Christiane Adrielly Alves Ferraz
- Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas de Plantas Medicinais (NEPLAME), Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Juliane Cabral Silva
- Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas de Plantas Medicinais (NEPLAME), Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Roxana Braga de Andrade Teles
- Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas de Plantas Medicinais (NEPLAME), Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Mariana Gama Silva
- Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas de Plantas Medicinais (NEPLAME), Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Tâmara Coimbra Diniz
- Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas de Plantas Medicinais (NEPLAME), Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Uiliane Soares Dos Santos
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Semiárido (EMBRAPA-Semiárido), Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcos José Salvador
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitor Prates Lorenzo
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Sertão Pernambucano, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Thujone inhibits the function of α 7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and impairs nicotine-induced memory enhancement in one-trial passive avoidance paradigm. Toxicology 2017; 384:23-32. [PMID: 28395994 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Effects of thujone, a major ingredient of absinthe, wormwood oil and some herbal medicines, were tested on the function of α7 subunit of the human nicotinic acetylcholine (α7 nACh) receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes using the two-electrode voltage-clamp technique. Thujone reversibly inhibited ACh (100μM)-induced currents with an IC50 value of 24.7μM. The effect of thujone was not dependent on the membrane potential and did not involve Ca2+-dependent Cl- channels expressed endogenously in oocytes. Inhibition by thujone was not reversed by increasing ACh concentrations. Moreover, specific binding of [125I] α-bungarotoxin was not altered by thujone. Further experiments in SH-EP1 cells expressing human α7 nACh receptor indicated that thujone suppressed choline induced Ca2+ transients in a concentration-dependent manner. In rat hippocampal CA3-dentate gyrus synapses, nicotine-induced enhancement of long-term potentiation was also inhibited by thujone. Furthermore, the results observed in in-vivo one-trial passive avoidance paradigm show that thujone (1.25mg/kg, i.p.) significantly impaired nicotine-induced enhancement of learning and memory in Wistar rats. Collectively, our results indicate that thujone inhibits the function of the α7-nACh receptor and impairs cellular and behavioral correlates of cholinergic modulation of learning and memory.
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Sotiropoulou ΝS, Kokkini M, P.Megremi SF, Daferera D, Skotti E, Kimbaris A, Polissiou M, Tarantilis P. Determination of Α- and Β-Thujone in Wormwood and Sage Infusions of Greek Flora and Estimation of their Average Toxicity. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.12944/crnfsj.4.special-issue-october.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Artemisia absinthium (wormwood) and Salvia sp. (sage) are used as additives to pharmaceuticals, food and alcoholic beverages while in Greece both herbs are also consumed as infusions. The compounds α- and β-thujone, are monoterpenes, which are found in various preparations of these herbs. According to organizations (EMA, SCF) and clinical studies, α- and β-thujone have shown neurotoxic effects in humans over established limits. In this study wormwoodandsageinfusions were investigated in terms of the relative % content of the volatile constituents and the concentrations of α- and β-thujone by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In sage infusions, α-thujone was the predominant isomer while in wormwood β-thujone was dominated. Our results revealed that most of the above herbal infusions exceed thujone limits as set by EMA, which are 3 mg/day for wormwood and 5 mg/day for sage. Furthermore, the average toxicity as performed by the Microtox® Analyzer showed higher levels of toxicity in sage infusions compared to the wormwood. No correlation was found between thujone content and toxicity levels of both sage and wormwood infusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Νefeli-Sofia Sotiropoulou
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 118 55, Greece
| | - Maria Kokkini
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 118 55, Greece
| | - Stiliani-Fani P.Megremi
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 118 55, Greece
| | - Dimitra Daferera
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 118 55, Greece
| | - Efstathia Skotti
- Department of Food Technology, Technological Educational Institute of Ionian Islands, GR 28100 Kefallonia, Greece
| | - Athanasios Kimbaris
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Biochemistry Department of Agricultural Development Democritus University of Thrace 193, Pantazidou str 68200, N. Orestiada, Greece
| | - Moschos Polissiou
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 118 55, Greece
| | - Petros Tarantilis
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 118 55, Greece
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Manayi A, Nabavi SM, Daglia M, Jafari S. Natural terpenoids as a promising source for modulation of GABAergic system and treatment of neurological diseases. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:671-9. [PMID: 27110875 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter reducing neural excitability in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) with three subclasses of receptors. Several conventional drugs and compounds modulate the GABAergic system, demonstrating different pharmacological effects. In this review, interactions of natural terpenoids with the GABAergic system are highlighted with relation to disorders like anxiety, insomnia, convulsion, pain, and cognitive deficits. Terpenoids with various structures affect the function of the GABAergic system via dissimilar mechanisms. Most of the discussed compounds interact with GABA receptors, but especially with the GABAA subtype. This may be due to the fact that researchers tend to assess the interaction of compounds using GABAA receptors. However, bilobalide, a sesquiterpene, showed anticonvulsant properties through the activation of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) enzyme, which is a key enzyme in biosynthesis of GABA. Therefore, further studies evaluating and comparing terpenoids of different classes and their interaction with the GABA system, along with their pharmacokinetic properties, could be worthwhile in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Manayi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Samineh Jafari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
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Effects of monoterpenes on ion channels of excitable cells. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 152:83-97. [PMID: 25956464 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Monoterpenes are a structurally diverse group of phytochemicals and a major constituent of plant-derived 'essential oils'. Monoterpenes such as menthol, carvacrol, and eugenol have been utilized for therapeutical purposes and food additives for centuries and have been reported to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and analgesic actions. In recent years there has been increasing interest in understanding the pharmacological actions of these molecules. There is evidence indicating that monoterpenes can modulate the functional properties of several types of voltage and ligand-gated ion channels, suggesting that some of their pharmacological actions may be mediated by modulations of ion channel function. In this report, we review the literature concerning the interaction of monoterpenes with various ion channels.
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