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Mohammed S, Mahmood T, Shamim A, Ahsan F, Shariq M, Parveen S, Waseem R, Singh A. Encyclopaedic Review of Glipizide Pre-clinical and Clinical Status. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2024; 74:123-132. [PMID: 38408478 DOI: 10.1055/a-2237-8566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Glipizide is an oral glucose-lowering medication that is beneficial for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. This study compiles exhaustively all accessible information on glipizide, from preclinical to clinical studies. Glipizide may be used in concert with TRAIL to treat cancer cells; in vitro studies have shown that it suppresses angiogenesis and vasculogenesis while shielding cells from glycation-induced damage. Anticonvulsant effects and modifications in the pharmacokinetics of other medications, such as Divalproex Sodium, were seen in glipizide in vivo experiments. Propranolol amplifies glipizide's hypoglycemic effect briefly in normal animals but consistently enhances it in diabetic ones. In the treatment of cancer and neurodegenerative poly(Q) illnesses, glipizide has demonstrated to offer potential therapeutic advantages. It is ineffective in preventing DENA-induced liver cancer and may cause DNA damage over time. The way glipizide interacts with genetic variants may increase the risk of hypoglycemia. Combining Syzygium cumini and ARBE to glipizide may enhance glycemic and lipid control in type 2 diabetes. Individuals with coronary artery disease who take glipizide or glyburide have an increased risk of death. The risk of muscular responses and acute pancreatitis is minimal when glipizide and dulaglutide are combined. In conclusion, glipizide has shown promising therapeutic efficacy across a variety of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Mohammed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tarique Mahmood
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arshiya Shamim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Farogh Ahsan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Shariq
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saba Parveen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rufaida Waseem
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aditya Singh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Goodarzi G, Tehrani SS, Fana SE, Moradi-Sardareh H, Panahi G, Maniati M, Meshkani R. Crosstalk between Alzheimer's disease and diabetes: a focus on anti-diabetic drugs. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:1769-1800. [PMID: 37335453 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01225-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are two of the most common age-related diseases. There is accumulating evidence of an overlap in the pathophysiological mechanisms of these two diseases. Studies have demonstrated insulin pathway alternation may interact with amyloid-β protein deposition and tau protein phosphorylation, two essential factors in AD. So attention to the use of anti-diabetic drugs in AD treatment has increased in recent years. In vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies have evaluated possible neuroprotective effects of anti-diabetic different medicines in AD, with some promising results. Here we review the evidence on the therapeutic potential of insulin, metformin, Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP1R), thiazolidinediones (TZDs), Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPP IV) Inhibitors, Sulfonylureas, Sodium-glucose Cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors, Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, and Amylin analog against AD. Given that many questions remain unanswered, further studies are required to confirm the positive effects of anti-diabetic drugs in AD treatment. So to date, no particular anti-diabetic drugs can be recommended to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golnaz Goodarzi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pathobiology and Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Sadra Samavarchi Tehrani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Ebrahimi Fana
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ghodratollah Panahi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Maniati
- English Department, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Reza Meshkani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Minaei A, Sarookhani MR, Haghdoost-Yazdi H, Rajaei F. Hydrogen sulfide attenuates induction and prevents progress of the 6-hydroxydopamine-induced Parkinsonism in rat through activation of ATP-sensitive potassium channels and suppression of ER stress. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 423:115558. [PMID: 33961902 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies argue in favor of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as the next potent therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative diseases. In present study, we investigated the effect of long term treatment with NaHS (as donor of H2S) on induction and progress of the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) -induced Parkinsonism in rat. METHODS The 6-OHDA was injected into medial forebrain bundle of right hemisphere by stereotaxic surgery. Behavioral tests and treatments were carried out to eight weeks after the toxin. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting were carried out to evaluate the survival of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) -positive neurons in substantia nigra (SN) and also expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), the markers of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, in striatum and SN. RESULTS Eight weeks assessment of the behavioral symptoms showed that NaHS especially at dose of 100 μmol/kg attenuates remarkably induction of the Parkinsonism and prevents its progress. NaHS also increased the survival of TH- positive neurons and suppressed 6-OHDA- induced overexpression of GRP78 and CHOP. Blockade of ATP-sensitive potassium (K-ATP) channels with glibenclamide (Glib) prevented markedly the effect of NaHS on both the induction phase and survival of TH- positive neurons. But Glib did not affect the preventing effect of NaHS on the progress phase and its suppressing effect on the overexpression of ER stress markers. CONCLUSION H2S attenuates induction of the 6-OHDA- induced Parkinsonism and also increases the survival of dopaminergic neurons through activation of K-ATP channels. H2S also prevents progress of the Parkinsonism probably through suppression of ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azita Minaei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Sarookhani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Hashem Haghdoost-Yazdi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
| | - Farzad Rajaei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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Dexmedetomidine attenuates the induction and reverses the progress of 6-hydroxydopamine- induced parkinsonism; involvement of KATP channels, alpha 2 adrenoceptors and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 382:114743. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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ATP-sensitive potassium-channel inhibitor glibenclamide attenuates HPA axis hyperactivity, depression- and anxiety-related symptoms in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res Bull 2018; 137:265-276. [PMID: 29307659 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Affective disorders including depression and anxiety are among the most prevalent behavioral abnormalities in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), which affect the quality of life and progression of the disease. Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-(HPA) axis has been reported in affective disorders and AD. Recent studies revealed that current antidepressant drugs are not completely effective for treating anxiety- and depression-related disorders in people with dementia. ATP-sensitive-potassium-(KATP) channels are well-known to be involved in AD pathophysiology, HPA axis function and the pathogenesis of depression and anxiety-related behaviors. Thus, targeting of KATP channel may be a potential therapeutic strategy in AD. Hence, we investigated the effects of intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ25-35 alone or in combination with glibenclamide, KATP channel inhibitor on depression- and anxiety-related behaviors as well as HPA axis response to stress in rats. To do this, non-Aβ25-35- and Aβ25-35-treated rats were orally treated with glibenclamide, then the behavioral consequences were assessed using sucrose preference, forced swim, light-dark box and plus maze tests. Stress-induced corticosterone levels following forced swim and plus maze tests were also evaluated as indicative of abnormal HPA-axis-function. Aβ25-35 induced HPA axis hyperreactivity and increased depression- and anxiety-related symptoms in rats. Our results showed that blockade of KATP channels with glibenclamide decreased depression- and anxiety-related behaviors by normalizing HPA axis activity in Aβ25-35-treated rats. This study provides additional evidence that Aβ administration can induce depression- and anxiety-like symptoms in rodents, and suggests that KATP channel inhibitors may be a plausible therapeutic strategy for treating affective disorders in AD patients.
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Piri H, Haghdoost-Yazdi H, Fraidouni N, Dargahi T, Yaghoubidoust M, Azadmehr A. The Anti-Parkinsonism Effects of K ATP Channel Blockade in the 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Animal Model: The Role of Oxidative Stress. Basic Clin Neurosci 2017; 8:183-192. [PMID: 28781726 PMCID: PMC5535324 DOI: 10.18869/nirp.bcn.8.3.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies suggest that ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels are a potential pharmacotherapeutic target for neuroprotection in neurodegenerative diseases. The current study aimed at evaluating the effect of pretreatment with glibenclamide (Glib) and B vitamins supplement on the severity of behavioral symptoms in 6-hydroxydopamine (OHDA)-induced Parkinsonism. Also malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was measured in the blood and brain suspensions to find probable neuroprotective mechanism of Glib. METHODS The 6-OHDA was injected into striatum of rats by stereotaxic surgery. Treatment with Glib and B vitamins was started before the surgery and continued up to 3 weeks after that. Development and severity of Parkinsonism were evaluated by conventional behavioral tests. MDA values were measured spectrophotometrically using thiobarbituric acid and MDA standard curve. RESULTS Pretreatments with Glib, at both doses of 1 and 5 mg/kg or B vitamins significantly ameliorated severity of the behavioral symptoms. Pretreatment with a combination of Glib and B vitamins was more effective than pretreatment with Glib or B vitamins alone. Also, pretreatment with B vitamins, Glib, or a combination of them reduced MDA concentration in the brain suspensions. Decrease in MDA concentration in the group of rats that received a combination of B vitamins and Glib was more prominent than that of the Glib groups. CONCLUSION As severity of the behavioral symptoms in the 6-OHDA-induced Parkinsonism reflects the degree of the lesion in Substantia Nigra (SN) dopaminergic neurons, it is suggested that Glib pretreatment has neuroprotective effect against 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity. The current study data also showed that this effect may be mediated by antioxidant effect of Glib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Piri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Hashem Haghdoost-Yazdi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Negin Fraidouni
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Tahereh Dargahi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | | | - Abbas Azadmehr
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Kim CH, Hong JS. Intracerebroventricular Kainic Acid-Induced Damage Affects Blood Glucose Level in d-glucose-fed Mouse Model. Exp Neurobiol 2015; 24:24-30. [PMID: 25792867 PMCID: PMC4363331 DOI: 10.5607/en.2015.24.1.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that the intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of kainic acid (KA) results in significant neuronal damage on the hippocampal CA3 region. In this study, we examined possible changes in the blood glucose level after i.c.v. pretreatment with KA. The blood glucose level was elevated at 30 min, began to decrease at 60 min and returned to normal at 120 min after D-glucose-feeding. We found that the blood glucose level in the KA-pretreated group was higher than in the saline-pretreated group. The up-regulation of the blood glucose level in the KA-pretreated group was still present even after 1~4 weeks. The plasma corticosterone and insulin levels were slightly higher in the KA-treated group. Corticosterone levels decreased whereas insulin levels were elevated when mice were fed with D-glucose. The i.c.v. pretreatment with KA for 24 hr caused a significant reversal of D-glucose-induced down-regulation of corticosterone level. However, the insulin level was enhanced in the KA-pretreated group compared to the vehicle-treated group when mice were fed with D-glucose. These results suggest that KA-induced alterations of the blood glucose level are related to cell death in the CA3 region whereas the up-regulation of blood glucose level in the KA-pretreated group appears to be due to a reversal of D-glucose feeding-induced down-regulation of corticosterone level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chea-Ha Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | - Jae-Seung Hong
- Department of Physical Education, College of Natural Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
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