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Zhang J, Qi A, Liu L, Cai C, Xu H. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Based Cerebrospinal Fluid Metabolomics to Reveal the Protection of Coptisine against Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Anti-Inflammation and Antioxidant. Molecules 2023; 28:6350. [PMID: 37687175 PMCID: PMC10489949 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Coptisine (Cop) exerts a neuroprotective effect on central nervous system disease, particularly ischemic stroke. However, its protective mechanism is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of Cop on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (IR) rats with a middle cerebral artery occlusion model by integrating a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomics approach with biochemical assessment. Our results showed that Cop could improve neurobehavioral function and decrease the ischemia size in IR rats. In addition, Cop was found to decrease inflammatory mediators (e.g., prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and attenuate oxidative stress response (e.g., increase the superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression and decrease 8-iso-PGF2α level). Furthermore, the GC-MS-based cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) metabolomics analysis indicated that Cop influenced the level of glycine, 2,3,4-trihydroxybutyric acid, oleic acid, glycerol, and ribose during IR injury. Cop exhibited a good neuroprotective effect against cerebral IR injury and metabolic alterations, which might be mediated through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, School of Traditional Chinese Meteria Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang 524023, China; (A.Q.); (L.L.)
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Ao Qi
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang 524023, China; (A.Q.); (L.L.)
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Lulu Liu
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang 524023, China; (A.Q.); (L.L.)
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Chun Cai
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang 524023, China; (A.Q.); (L.L.)
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, School of Traditional Chinese Meteria Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Fatty Acids: A Safe Tool for Improving Neurodevelopmental Alterations in Down Syndrome? Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142880. [PMID: 35889838 PMCID: PMC9323400 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The triplication of chromosome 21 causes Down syndrome (DS), a genetic disorder that is characterized by intellectual disability (ID). The causes of ID start in utero, leading to impairments in neurogenesis, and continue into infancy, leading to impairments in dendritogenesis, spinogenesis, and connectivity. These defects are associated with alterations in mitochondrial and metabolic functions and precocious aging, leading to the early development of Alzheimer’s disease. Intense efforts are currently underway, taking advantage of DS mouse models to discover pharmacotherapies for the neurodevelopmental and cognitive deficits of DS. Many treatments that proved effective in mouse models may raise safety concerns over human use, especially at early life stages. Accumulating evidence shows that fatty acids, which are nutrients present in normal diets, exert numerous positive effects on the brain. Here, we review (i) the knowledge obtained from animal models regarding the effects of fatty acids on the brain, by focusing on alterations that are particularly prominent in DS, and (ii) the progress recently made in a DS mouse model, suggesting that fatty acids may indeed represent a useful treatment for DS. This scenario should prompt the scientific community to further explore the potential benefit of fatty acids for people with DS.
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Valencia FP, Marino AF, Noutsos C, Poon K. Concentration-dependent change in hypothalamic neuronal transcriptome by the dietary fatty acids: oleic and palmitic acids. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 106:109033. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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D'avila LF, Dias VT, Trevizol F, Metz VG, Roversi K, Milanesi L, Maurer LH, Baranzelli J, Emanuelli T, Burger ME. INTERESTERIFIED FAT MATERNAL CONSUMPTION BEFORE CONCEPTION PROGRAMMS MEMORY AND LEARNING OF ADULTHOOD OFFSPRING: how big is this deleterious repercussion? Toxicol Lett 2022; 361:10-20. [PMID: 35301046 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, interesterified fat (IF) has largely replaced trans fat in industrialized food. Studies of our research group showed that IF consumption may not be safe for central nervous system (CNS) functions. Our current aim was to evaluate IF maternal consumption before conception on cognitive performance of adult rat offspring. Female Wistar rats were fed with standard chow plus 20% soybean and fish oil mix (control group) or plus 20% IF from weaning until adulthood (before mating), when the diets were replaced by standard chow only. Following the gestation and pups' development, locomotion and memory performance followed by neurotrophin immunocontent and fatty acids (FA) profile in the hippocampus of the adulthood male offspring were quantified. Maternal IF consumption before conception decreased hippocampal palmitoleic acid incorporation, proBDNF and BDNF levels, decreasing both exploratory activity and memory performance in adult offspring. Considering that, the adult male offspring did not consume IF directly, further studies are needed to understand the molecular mechanisms and if the IF maternal preconception consumption could induce the epigenetic changes observed here. Our outcomes reinforce an immediate necessity to monitor and / or question the replacement of trans fat by IF with further studies involving CNS functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Ferraz D'avila
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| | - Verônica Tironi Dias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| | - Fabíola Trevizol
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| | - Vinícia Garzella Metz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| | - Karine Roversi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| | - Laura Milanesi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| | - Luana Haselein Maurer
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| | - Júlia Baranzelli
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| | - Tatiana Emanuelli
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| | - Marilise Escobar Burger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
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Castor K, Dawlaty J, Arakaki X, Gross N, Woldeamanuel YW, Harrington MG, Cowan RP, Fonteh AN. Plasma Lipolysis and Changes in Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Signaling Lipids Reveal Abnormal Lipid Metabolism in Chronic Migraine. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:691733. [PMID: 34531722 PMCID: PMC8438335 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.691733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lipids are a primary storage form of energy and the source of inflammatory and pain signaling molecules, yet knowledge of their importance in chronic migraine (CM) pathology is incomplete. We aim to determine if plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lipid metabolism are associated with CM pathology. Methods We obtained plasma and CSF from healthy controls (CT, n = 10) or CM subjects (n = 15) diagnosed using the International Headache Society criteria. We measured unesterified fatty acid (UFA) and esterified fatty acids (EFAs) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Glycerophospholipids (GP) and sphingolipid (SP) levels were determined using LC-MS/MS, and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity was determined using fluorescent substrates. Results Unesterified fatty acid levels were significantly higher in CM plasma but not in CSF. Unesterified levels of five saturated fatty acids (SAFAs), eight monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), five ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and five ω-6 PUFAs are higher in CM plasma. Esterified levels of three SAFAs, eight MUFAs, five ω-3 PUFAs, and three ω-6 PUFAs, are higher in CM plasma. The ratios C20:4n-6/homo-γ-C20:3n-6 representative of delta-5-desaturases (D5D) and the elongase ratio are lower in esterified and unesterified CM plasma, respectively. In the CSF, the esterified D5D index is lower in CM. While PLA2 activity was similar, the plasma UFA to EFA ratio is higher in CM. Of all plasma GP/SPs detected, only ceramide levels are lower (p = 0.0003) in CM (0.26 ± 0.07%) compared to CT (0.48 ± 0.06%). The GP/SP proportion of platelet-activating factor (PAF) is significantly lower in CM CSF. Conclusions Plasma and CSF lipid changes are consistent with abnormal lipid metabolism in CM. Since plasma UFAs correspond to diet or adipose tissue levels, higher plasma fatty acids and UFA/EFA ratios suggest enhanced adipose lipolysis in CM. Differences in plasma and CSF desaturases and elongases suggest altered lipid metabolism in CM. A lower plasma ceramide level suggests reduced de novo synthesis or reduced sphingomyelin hydrolysis. Changes in CSF PAF suggest differences in brain lipid signaling pathways in CM. Together, this pilot study shows lipid metabolic abnormality in CM corresponding to altered energy homeostasis. We propose that controlling plasma lipolysis, desaturases, elongases, and lipid signaling pathways may relieve CM symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Castor
- Department of Neurosciences, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Jessica Dawlaty
- Department of Neurosciences, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Xianghong Arakaki
- Department of Neurosciences, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, United States.,Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Noah Gross
- Department of Neurosciences, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | | | - Michael G Harrington
- Department of Neurosciences, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, United States.,Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Robert P Cowan
- Pain Center, Department of Neurology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Alfred N Fonteh
- Department of Neurosciences, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, United States.,Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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SCD Inhibition Protects from α-Synuclein-Induced Neurotoxicity But Is Toxic to Early Neuron Cultures. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0166-21.2021. [PMID: 34301719 PMCID: PMC8387157 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0166-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the independent discovery and validation of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) as a modulator of α-synuclein (αSyn)-induced pathology and toxicity in cell-based Parkinson’s disease (PD) models. We identified SCD as top altered gene from transcriptional profiling in primary neurons exogenously expressing αSyn with the amplified familial PD mutation 3K. Thus, we sought to further explore SCD as a therapeutic target in neurodegeneration. We report that SCD inhibitors are toxic to early human and rat neuron cultures while displaying minimal toxicity to late cultures. The fatty acid product of SCD, oleic acid (OLA), fully rescues this toxicity in early cultures, suggesting on-target toxicity. Furthermore, SCD inhibition rescues αSyn 3K-induced toxicity in late primary neurons. We also confirm that SCD inhibitors reduce formation of αSyn accumulations, while OLA increases these accumulations in an αSyn 3K neuroblastoma model. However, we identify a caveat with this model where αSyn 3K levels can be suppressed by high SCD inhibitor concentrations, obscuring true effect size. Further, we show that both SCD1 or SCD5 knock-down reduce αSyn 3K accumulations and toxicity, making both a putative drug target. Overall, we confirm key findings of published data on SCD inhibition and its benefits in αSyn accumulation and stress models. The differential neurotoxicity induced by SCD inhibition based on neuron culture age must be accounted for when researching SCD in neuron models and has potential clinical implications. Lastly, our gene profiling studies also revealed novel putative genes connected to αSyn neurotoxicity that are worth further study.
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Du S, Jin F, Maneix L, Gedam M, Xu Y, Catic A, Wang MC, Zheng H. FoxO3 deficiency in cortical astrocytes leads to impaired lipid metabolism and aggravated amyloid pathology. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13432. [PMID: 34247441 PMCID: PMC8373366 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise of life expectancy of the human population is accompanied by the drastic increases of age‐associated diseases, in particular Alzheimer's disease (AD), and underscores the need to understand how aging influences AD development. The Forkhead box O transcription factor 3 (FoxO3) is known to mediate aging and longevity downstream of insulin/insulin‐like growth factor signaling across species. However, its function in the adult brain under physiological and pathological conditions is less understood. Here, we report a region and cell‐type‐specific regulation of FoxO3 in the central nervous system (CNS). We found that FoxO3 protein levels were reduced in the cortex, but not hippocampus, of aged mice. FoxO3 was responsive to insulin/AKT signaling in astrocytes, but not neurons. Using CNS Foxo3‐deficient mice, we reveal that loss of FoxO3 led to cortical astrogliosis and altered lipid metabolism. This is associated with impaired metabolic homoeostasis and β‐amyloid (Aβ) uptake in primary astrocyte cultures. These phenotypes can be reversed by expressing a constitutively active FOXO3 but not a FOXO3 mutant lacking the transactivation domain. Loss of FoxO3 in 5xFAD mice led to exacerbated Aβ pathology and synapse loss and altered local response of astrocytes and microglia in the vicinity of Aβ plaques. Astrocyte‐specific overexpression of FOXO3 displayed opposite effects, suggesting that FoxO3 functions cell autonomously to mediate astrocyte activity and also interacts with microglia to address Aβ pathology. Our studies support a protective role of astroglial FoxO3 against brain aging and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Du
- Huffington Center on Aging Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
| | - Feng Jin
- Huffington Center on Aging Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
| | - Laure Maneix
- Huffington Center on Aging Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
| | - Manasee Gedam
- Huffington Center on Aging Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
| | - Yin Xu
- Huffington Center on Aging Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
| | - Andre Catic
- Huffington Center on Aging Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
| | - Meng C. Wang
- Huffington Center on Aging Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
| | - Hui Zheng
- Huffington Center on Aging Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
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Garcia Corrales AV, Haidar M, Bogie JFJ, Hendriks JJA. Fatty Acid Synthesis in Glial Cells of the CNS. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158159. [PMID: 34360931 PMCID: PMC8348209 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) are of crucial importance for brain homeostasis and neural function. Glia cells support the high demand of FAs that the central nervous system (CNS) needs for its proper functioning. Additionally, FAs can modulate inflammation and direct CNS repair, thereby contributing to brain pathologies such Alzheimer’s disease or multiple sclerosis. Intervention strategies targeting FA synthesis in glia represents a potential therapeutic opportunity for several CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida V Garcia Corrales
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Mansour Haidar
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jeroen F J Bogie
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jerome J A Hendriks
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
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Rodríguez M, Pintado C, Torrillas-de la Cal R, Moltó E, Gallardo N, Andrés A, Arribas C. Ageing alters the lipid sensing process in the hypothalamus of Wistar rats. Effect of food restriction. Nutr Neurosci 2021; 25:1509-1523. [PMID: 33544062 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.1872990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lipids regulate a wide range of biological processes. The mechanisms by which fatty acids (FA) and its metabolites influence the hypothalamic regulation of energy homeostasis have been highly studied. However, the effect of ageing and food restriction (FR) on this process is unknown. METHODS Herein, we analyzed the gene expression, protein and phosphorylation levels of hypothalamic enzymes and transcription factors related to lipid metabolism. Experiments were performed in male Wistar rats of 3-, 8- and 24-month-old Wistar rats fed ad libitum (AL), as ageing model. Besides, 5- and 21-month-old rats were subjected to a moderate FR protocol (equivalent to ≈ 80% of normal food intake) for three months before the sacrifice. RESULTS Aged Wistar rats showed a situation of chronic lipid excess as a result of an increase in de novo FA synthesis and FA levels that reach the brain, contributing likely to the development of central leptin and insulin resistance. We observe a hypothalamic downregulation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD1) and an increase of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1c (CPT1c) expression. DISCUSSION Our results suggest an impairment in the physiological lipid sensing system of aged Wistar rats, which would alter the balance of the intracellular mobilization and trafficking of lipids between the mitochondria and the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) in the hypothalamus, leading probably to the development of neurolipotoxicity in aged rats. Lastly, FR can only partially restore this imbalance.Schematic representation of the fate of LCFA-CoA in the hypothalamus of young and old rats. Blood circulating LCFAs in young Wistar rats reach the hypothalamus, where they are esterified to LCFA-CoA. Into glial cells or neurons, LCFA-CoA are driven to mitochondria (CPT1a) or ER (CPT1c) where could be desaturated by SDC1 and, thereby, converted into structural and signaling unsaturated lipids as oleic acid, related with neuronal myelinization and differentiation. However, the excess of LCFA that reach to the hypothalamus in old animals, could generate an increase in LCFA-CoA, which together with an increase in CPT1c levels, could favor the capture of LCFA-CoA to the ER. The decrease in the levels of SCD1 in old rats would decrease FA unsaturation degree that could trigger lipotoxicity process and neurodegeneration, both related to the development of neurodegenerative diseases linked to age.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Rodríguez
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Biochemistry and Environmental Sciences and Regional Centre for Biomedical Research, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Cristina Pintado
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Biochemistry and Environmental Sciences and Regional Centre for Biomedical Research, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Torrillas-de la Cal
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Biochemistry and Environmental Sciences and Regional Centre for Biomedical Research, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Eduardo Moltó
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Biochemistry and Environmental Sciences and Regional Centre for Biomedical Research, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Nilda Gallardo
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Science and Chemical Technologies and Regional Centre for Biomedical Research, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Antonio Andrés
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Science and Chemical Technologies and Regional Centre for Biomedical Research, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Carmen Arribas
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Biochemistry and Environmental Sciences and Regional Centre for Biomedical Research, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
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Vidal V, García-Cerro S, Rueda N, Puente A, Bartesaghi R, Martínez-Cué C. Early postnatal oleic acid administration enhances synaptic development and cognitive abilities in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome. Nutr Neurosci 2020; 25:1400-1412. [PMID: 33345728 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2020.1861897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The brains of individuals with Down syndrome (DS) present defects in neurogenesis and synaptogenesis during prenatal and early postnatal stages that are partially responsible for their cognitive disabilities. Because oleic and linolenic fatty acids enhance neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and cognitive abilities in rodents and humans, in this study we evaluated the ability of these compounds to restore these altered phenotypes in the Ts65Dn (TS) mouse model of DS during early postnatal stages. METHODS TS and euploid mice were treated with oleic or linolenic acid from PD3 to PD15, and the short- and long- term effects of these acids on neurogenesis and synaptogenesis were evaluated. The effects of these treatments on the cognitive abilities of TS mice during early adulthood were also evaluated. RESULTS Administration of oleic or linolenic acid did not modify cell proliferation immediately after treatment discontinuation or several weeks later. However, oleic acid increased the total number of DAPI+ cells (+ 26%), the percentage of BrdU+ cells that acquired a neural phenotype (+ 9.1%), the number of pre- (+ 29%) and post-synaptic (+ 32%) terminals and the cognitive abilities of TS mice (+ 18.1%). In contrast, linolenic acid only produced a slight cognitive improvement in TS mice. (+12.1%). DISCUSSION These results suggest that early postnatal administration of oleic acid could palliate the cognitive deficits of DS individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Vidal
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Susana García-Cerro
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Noemí Rueda
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Alba Puente
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Renata Bartesaghi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carmen Martínez-Cué
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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Ubaid S, Rumman M, Singh B, Akhtar MS, Mahdi AA, Pandey S. Elucidating the Neuroprotective Role of Formulated Camel α-Lactalbumin-Oleic Acid Complex by Curating the SIRT1 Pathway in Parkinson's Disease Model. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:4416-4425. [PMID: 33253528 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is characterized by increased oxidative stress and decreased level of dopamine. At present, the therapeutic interventions of PD are associated with undesirable adverse effects. To overcome these side effects, a new candidate bioinspired molecule is needed for the management of PD. Camel α-lactalbumin (α-LA) is the most abundant protein in camel's milk and has a potential to act as a nutraceutical supplement for neurological functions. Oleic acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid, has been widely associated with a reduced risk of PD. The present study aimed to formulate the camel α-LA and oleic acid (CLOA) complex under specific conditions and to evaluate its efficacy as a neuroprotective in rotenone induced PC12 cell model of PD. Our results demonstrated that removal of Ca++ ions from camel α-LA by EDTA enhances its binding efficiency with oleic acid, and the complex was characterized by UV-CD, ANS fluorescence spectroscopy, and NMR spectroscopy. Moreover, CLOA complex treatment reduced the oxidative stress and increased the cell viability by enhancing the level of dopamine and the expression of SIRT1, FOXO3a, HIF-1α, and HSF-1. We also validated the neuroprotective role of the complex by incubating the cells with CLOA complex prior to rotenone treatment. We inferred from the outcome of the results that the individual entity, i.e., α-LA or OA, is not as effective as the complex. Taken together, our study indicates that CLOA complex might be a potential candidate for the development of future therapeutic drugs for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Ubaid
- Department of Biochemistry, King George’s Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, 226003 U.P., India
| | - Mohammad Rumman
- Department of Biochemistry, King George’s Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, 226003 U.P., India
| | - Babita Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, King George’s Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, 226003 U.P., India
| | - Mohd. Sohail Akhtar
- Division of Molecular & Structural Biology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031 U.P., India
| | - Abbas A. Mahdi
- Department of Biochemistry, King George’s Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, 226003 U.P., India
| | - Shivani Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, King George’s Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, 226003 U.P., India
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Alami K, Mousavi SY. Afghan Chehelghoza (Pinus gerardiana L.) Pine Nut Diet Enhances the Learning and Memory in Male Rats. NUTRITION AND DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS 2020. [DOI: 10.2147/nds.s278350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Pelaz SG, Jaraíz-Rodríguez M, Álvarez-Vázquez A, Talaverón R, García-Vicente L, Flores-Hernández R, Gómez de Cedrón M, Tabernero M, Ramírez de Molina A, Lillo C, Medina JM, Tabernero A. Targeting metabolic plasticity in glioma stem cells in vitro and in vivo through specific inhibition of c-Src by TAT-Cx43 266-283. EBioMedicine 2020; 62:103134. [PMID: 33254027 PMCID: PMC7708820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma is the most aggressive primary brain tumour and has a very poor prognosis. Inhibition of c-Src activity in glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs, responsible for glioblastoma lethality) and primary glioblastoma cells by the peptide TAT-Cx43266–283 reduces tumorigenicity, and boosts survival in preclinical models. Because c-Src can modulate cell metabolism and several reports revealed poor clinical efficacy of various antitumoral drugs due to metabolic rewiring in cancer cells, here we explored the inhibition of advantageous GSC metabolic plasticity by the c-Src inhibitor TAT-Cx43266-283. Methods Metabolic impairment induced by the c-Src inhibitor TAT-Cx43266-283 in vitro was assessed by fluorometry, western blotting, immunofluorescence, qPCR, enzyme activity assays, electron microscopy, Seahorse analysis, time-lapse imaging, siRNA, and MTT assays. Protein expression in tumours from a xenograft orthotopic glioblastoma mouse model was evaluated by immunofluorescence. Findings TAT-Cx43266–283 decreased glucose uptake in human GSCs and reduced oxidative phosphorylation without a compensatory increase in glycolysis, with no effect on brain cell metabolism, including rat neurons, human and rat astrocytes, and human neural stem cells. TAT-Cx43266-283 impaired metabolic plasticity, reducing GSC growth and survival under different nutrient environments. Finally, GSCs intracranially implanted with TAT-Cx43266–283 showed decreased levels of important metabolic targets for cancer therapy, such as hexokinase-2 and GLUT-3. Interpretation The reduced ability of TAT-Cx43266-283–treated GSCs to survive in metabolically challenging settings, such as those with restricted nutrient availability or the ever-changing in vivo environment, allows us to conclude that the advantageous metabolic plasticity of GSCs can be therapeutically exploited through the specific and cell-selective inhibition of c-Src by TAT-Cx43266-283. Funding Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (FEDER BFU2015-70040-R and FEDER RTI2018-099873-B-I00), Fundación Ramón Areces. Fellowships from the Junta de Castilla y León, European Social Fund, Ministerio de Ciencia and Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer (AECC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara G Pelaz
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Calle Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Celular, Universidad de Salamanca, Edificio Departamental, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Virgen de la Vega, 10ª planta, Paseo de San Vicente, 58-182, Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Myriam Jaraíz-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Calle Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Celular, Universidad de Salamanca, Edificio Departamental, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Virgen de la Vega, 10ª planta, Paseo de San Vicente, 58-182, Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Andrea Álvarez-Vázquez
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Calle Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Celular, Universidad de Salamanca, Edificio Departamental, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Virgen de la Vega, 10ª planta, Paseo de San Vicente, 58-182, Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Rocío Talaverón
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Calle Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Celular, Universidad de Salamanca, Edificio Departamental, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Virgen de la Vega, 10ª planta, Paseo de San Vicente, 58-182, Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Laura García-Vicente
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Calle Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Celular, Universidad de Salamanca, Edificio Departamental, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Virgen de la Vega, 10ª planta, Paseo de San Vicente, 58-182, Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Raquel Flores-Hernández
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Calle Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Celular, Universidad de Salamanca, Edificio Departamental, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Virgen de la Vega, 10ª planta, Paseo de San Vicente, 58-182, Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Marta Gómez de Cedrón
- Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, Molecular Oncology and Nutritional Genomics of Cancer Group, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Carretera de Canto Blanco 8 E, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - María Tabernero
- Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, Molecular Oncology and Nutritional Genomics of Cancer Group, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Carretera de Canto Blanco 8 E, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Ana Ramírez de Molina
- Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, Molecular Oncology and Nutritional Genomics of Cancer Group, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Carretera de Canto Blanco 8 E, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Concepción Lillo
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Calle Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Virgen de la Vega, 10ª planta, Paseo de San Vicente, 58-182, Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - José M Medina
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Calle Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Celular, Universidad de Salamanca, Edificio Departamental, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Virgen de la Vega, 10ª planta, Paseo de San Vicente, 58-182, Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Arantxa Tabernero
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Calle Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Celular, Universidad de Salamanca, Edificio Departamental, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Virgen de la Vega, 10ª planta, Paseo de San Vicente, 58-182, Salamanca 37007, Spain.
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Igal RA, Sinner DI. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 5 (SCD5), a Δ-9 fatty acyl desaturase in search of a function. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1866:158840. [PMID: 33049404 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A large body of research has demonstrated that human stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), a universally expressed fatty acid Δ9-desaturase that converts saturated fatty acids (SFA) into monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), is a central regulator of metabolic and signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Unlike SCD1, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 5 (SCD5), a second SCD isoform found in a variety of vertebrates, including humans, has received considerably less attention but new information on the catalytic properties, regulation and biological functions of this enzyme has begun to emerge. This review will examine the new evidence that supports key metabolic and biological roles for SCD5, as well as the potential implication of this desaturase in the mechanisms of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ariel Igal
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, PH 1501 East, New York City, NY 10032, United States of America.
| | - Débora I Sinner
- Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Lab: R4447, Office: R4445, MLC 7009, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States of America.
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15
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García-Cerro S, Rueda N, Vidal V, Puente A, Campa V, Lantigua S, Narcís O, Velasco A, Bartesaghi R, Martínez-Cué C. Prenatal Administration of Oleic Acid or Linolenic Acid Reduces Neuromorphological and Cognitive Alterations in Ts65dn Down Syndrome Mice. J Nutr 2020; 150:1631-1643. [PMID: 32243527 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cognitive impairments that characterize Down syndrome (DS) have been attributed to brain hypocellularity due to neurogenesis impairment during fetal stages. Thus, enhancing prenatal neurogenesis in DS could prevent or reduce some of the neuromorphological and cognitive defects found in postnatal stages. OBJECTIVES As fatty acids play a fundamental role in morphogenesis and brain development during fetal stages, in this study, we aimed to enhance neurogenesis and the cognitive abilities of the Ts65Dn (TS) mouse model of DS by administering oleic or linolenic acid. METHODS In total, 85 pregnant TS females were subcutaneously treated from Embryonic Day (ED) 10 until Postnatal Day (PD) 2 with oleic acid (400 mg/kg), linolenic acid (500 mg/kg), or vehicle. All analyses were performed on their TS and Control (CO) male and female progeny. At PD2, we evaluated the short-term effects of the treatments on neurogenesis, cellularity, and brain weight, in 40 TS and CO pups. A total of 69 TS and CO mice were used to test the long-term effects of the prenatal treatments on cognition from PD30 to PD45, and on neurogenesis, cellularity, and synaptic markers, at PD45. Data were compared by ANOVAs. RESULTS Prenatal administration of oleic or linolenic acid increased the brain weight (+36.7% and +45%, P < 0.01), the density of BrdU (bromodeoxyuridine)- (+80% and +115%; P < 0.01), and DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole)-positive cells (+64% and +22%, P < 0.05) of PD2 TS mice with respect to the vehicle-treated TS mice. Between PD30 and PD45, TS mice prenatally treated with oleic or linolenic acid showed better cognitive abilities (+28% and +25%, P < 0.01) and a higher density of the postsynaptic marker PSD95 (postsynaptic density protein 95) (+65% and +44%, P < 0.05) than the vehicle-treated TS animals. CONCLUSION The beneficial cognitive and neuromorphological effects induced by oleic or linolenic acid in TS mice suggest that they could be promising pharmacotherapies for DS-associated cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana García-Cerro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Noemí Rueda
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Verónica Vidal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Alba Puente
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Víctor Campa
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biomedicine (IBTECC), Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Sara Lantigua
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Oriol Narcís
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Ana Velasco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla and Leon (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Renata Bartesaghi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carmen Martínez-Cué
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
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16
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Fatty acid metabolism in the progression and resolution of CNS disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 159:198-213. [PMID: 31987838 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in lipidomics and metabolomics have unveiled the complexity of fatty acid metabolism and the fatty acid lipidome in health and disease. A growing body of evidence indicates that imbalances in the metabolism and level of fatty acids drive the initiation and progression of central nervous system (CNS) disorders such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Here, we provide an in-depth overview on the impact of the β-oxidation, synthesis, desaturation, elongation, and peroxidation of fatty acids on the pathophysiology of these and other neurological disorders. Furthermore, we discuss the impact of individual fatty acids species, acquired through the diet or endogenously synthesized in mammals, on neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and CNS repair. The findings discussed in this review highlight the therapeutic potential of modulators of fatty acid metabolism and the fatty acid lipidome in CNS disorders, and underscore the diagnostic value of lipidome signatures in these diseases.
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17
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Song J, Kim YS, Lee DH, Lee SH, Park HJ, Lee D, Kim H. Neuroprotective effects of oleic acid in rodent models of cerebral ischaemia. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10732. [PMID: 31341184 PMCID: PMC6656890 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47057-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oleic acid (OA) is released from brain phospholipids after cerebral ischaemia; however, its role in ischaemic injury remains unknown. We hypothesised that OA has neuroprotective effects after cerebral ischaemia, which may be exerted through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) activation, since OA is an endogenous ligand of PPAR-γ. The effects of OA administration were evaluated in rodent models of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), photothrombosis, and four-vessel occlusion (4-VO). We determined the time window of therapeutic opportunity and examined the ability of the PPAR-γ antagonist GW9662 to reverse OA’s protective effects after MCAO. We found that OA administration decreased the MCAO-induced infarct volume and functional deficits, photothrombosis-induced infarct volume, and 4-VO-induced hippocampal neuronal death. Additionally, OA was highly efficacious when administered up to 3 h after MCAO. Pre-treatment with GW9662 abolished the inhibitory effects of OA on the infarct volume and immunoreactivity of key inflammatory mediators in the ischaemic cortex. Our results indicate that OA has neuroprotective effects against transient and permanent focal cerebral ischaemia, as well as global cerebral ischaemia. It may have therapeutic value for the ischaemic stroke treatment with a clinically feasible therapeutic window. The OA-mediated neuroprotection might be attributable to its anti-inflammatory actions through PPAR-γ activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungbin Song
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sik Kim
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hwan Lee
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Lee
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology for Eastern Medicine (KISTEM) NeuMed Inc., 88 Imun-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02440, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Park
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology for Eastern Medicine (KISTEM) NeuMed Inc., 88 Imun-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02440, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghun Lee
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdae-ro, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hocheol Kim
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Keilhoff G, Mbou RP, Lucas B, Schild L. The Differentiation of Spinal Cord Motor Neurons is Associated with Changes of the Mitochondrial Phospholipid Cardiolipin. Neuroscience 2019; 400:169-183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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19
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Mizukami T, Ikeda K, Shimanaka Y, Korogi K, Zhou C, Takase H, Tsuiji H, Kono N, Kohno T, Arai H, Arita M, Hattori M. Reelin deficiency leads to aberrant lipid composition in mouse brain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 505:81-86. [PMID: 30241938 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.09.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Reelin is a secreted protein essential for the development and function of the mammalian brain. The receptors for Reelin, apolipoprotein E receptor 2 and very low-density lipoprotein receptor, belong to the low-density lipoprotein receptor family, but it is not known whether Reelin is involved in the brain lipid metabolism. In the present study, we performed lipidomic analysis of the cerebral cortex of wild-type and Reelin-deficient (reeler) mice, and found that reeler mice exhibited several compositional changes in phospholipids. First, the ratio of phospholipids containing one saturated fatty acid (FA) and one docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or arachidonic acid (ARA) decreased. Secondly, the ratio of phospholipids containing one monounsaturated FA (MUFA) and one DHA or ARA increased. Thirdly, the ratio of phospholipids containing 5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid, or Mead acid (MA), increased. Finally, the expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1) increased. As the increase of MA is seen as an index of polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) deficiency, and the expression of SCD-1 is suppressed by PUFA, these results strongly suggest that the loss of Reelin leads to PUFA deficiency. Hence, MUFA and MA are synthesized in response to this deficiency, in part by inducing SCD-1 expression. This is the first report of changes of FA composition in the reeler mouse brain and provides a basis for further investigating the new role of Reelin in the development and function of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoharu Mizukami
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan; AMED-PRIME, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan
| | - Yuta Shimanaka
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsunari Korogi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Chunyu Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takase
- Core Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hitomi Tsuiji
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Nozomu Kono
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Kohno
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Arai
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Arita
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan; Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, Tokyo, 180-8512, Japan; Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Hattori
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan.
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20
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Villamil-Ortiz JG, Cardona-Gómez GP. cPLA2 and desaturases underlie the tau hyperphosphorylation offset induced by BACE knock-down in neuronal primary cultures. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3696-3707. [PMID: 30251689 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation has been suggested to play early and perhaps causative roles in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis possibly in part by the overactivation of the aspartic acid protease named β-site amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), which is responsible for the β-amyloid cascade. We have described that BACE1 is involved in the lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) (18:1/20:4/22:6) upregulation associated with tauopathy and inflammation signaling (cPLA2/arachidonic acid/COX2) in a triple transgenic model of Alzheimer's disease, where BACE1 silencing reversed the imbalanced profile and produced cognitive function improvement. In this study, we analyze the role of cPLA2 and desaturases (SCD1, FAD6) in the BACE1 knockdown-induced protective action under a glutamate excitotoxicity model. Glutamate (125 μM) produced hyperphosphorylation of tau in cortical primary cultures along with increased apoptotic nuclei, LDH release, and cPLA2 expression, which were all reversed by BACE1-KD. This beneficial effect was reinforced by the silencing of cPLA2 but attenuated by the reduction in SCD1 and partially attenuated by the reduction in FAD6. Inversely, overexpression SCD1 and FAD6 recovered the neuroprotective effect produced by BACE1-KD, which was not achieved by the overexpression of each desaturase alone. These findings suggest that the hyperphosphorylation of tau and the creation of a pro-inflammatory cell environment are blocked in a desaturase-dependent manner by targeting BACE1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier G Villamil-Ortiz
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Group of Neuroscience of Antioquia, Faculty of Medicine, SIU, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Gloria Patricia Cardona-Gómez
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Group of Neuroscience of Antioquia, Faculty of Medicine, SIU, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia.
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21
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Domínguez-Prieto M, Velasco A, Vega L, Tabernero A, Medina JM. Aberrant Co-localization of Synaptic Proteins Promoted by Alzheimer's Disease Amyloid-β Peptides: Protective Effect of Human Serum Albumin. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 55:171-182. [PMID: 27662292 PMCID: PMC5115610 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ), Aβ40, Aβ42, and, recently, Aβ25-35 have been directly implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. We have studied the effects of Aβ on neuronal death, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and synaptic assembling in neurons in primary culture. Aβ25-35, Aβ40, and Aβ42 significantly decreased neuronal viability, although Aβ25-35 showed a higher effect. Aβ25-35 showed a more penetrating ability to reach mitochondria while Aβ40 did not enter the neuronal cytosol and Aβ42 was scarcely internalized. We did not observe a direct correlation between ROS production and cell death because both Aβ40 and Aβ42 decreased neuronal viability but Aβ40 did not change ROS production. Rather, ROS production seems to correlate with the penetrating ability of each Aβ. No significant differences were found between Aβ40 and Aβ42 regarding the extent of the deleterious effects of both peptides on neuronal viability or synaptophysin expression. However, Aβ40 elicited a clear delocalization of PSD-95 and synaptotagmin from prospective synapsis to the neuronal soma, suggesting the occurrence of a crucial effect of Aβ40 on synaptic disassembling. The formation of Aβ40- or Aβ42-serum albumin complexes avoided the effects of these peptides on neuronal viability, synaptophysin expression, and PSD-95/synaptotagmin disarrangement suggesting that sequestration of Aβ by albumin prevents deleterious effects of these peptides. We can conclude that Aβ borne by albumin can be safely transported through body fluids, a fact that may be compulsory for Aβ disposal by peripheral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - José M. Medina
- Correspondence to: José M. Medina, Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), c/ Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, 37007 Salamanca, Spain. Tel.: +34 923 294500/Ext.: 5313; E-mail:
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22
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Gorji N, Moeini R, Memariani Z. Almond, hazelnut and walnut, three nuts for neuroprotection in Alzheimer's disease: A neuropharmacological review of their bioactive constituents. Pharmacol Res 2017; 129:115-127. [PMID: 29208493 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
An increase in the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) as a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder is an almost obvious issue in the world. Researches on natural products for finding effective drugs to prevent the disease are in progress. There is special attention to the three types of nuts including almond, hazelnut and walnut in manuscripts of traditional Persian medicine (PM) as the preventive agents against brainatrophy and memory loss. The purpose of this study is a pharmacological review of their bioactive constituents and introducing the value of these nuts as the effective supplements and natural medicinal foods in AD patients. Databases including PubMed and ScienceDirect were searched in title, abstract and keywords from year 2000 to present for AD-related researches on these tree nuts, their major phytochemicals and their mechanisms of action. As result, almond, hazelnut and walnut provide macronutrients, micronutrients, and phytochemicals which affect several pathways in AD pathogenesis such as amyloidogenesis, tau phosphorylation, oxidative stress, cholinergic pathways, and some non-target mechanisms including cholesterol lowering and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as effect on neurogenesis. These nuts are recommended in PM for their brain-protective activity and particularly reversing brain atrophy in case of hazelnut. The therapeutical statements of PM scholars mentioned in their books are based on their clinical observations with support of a long history of experiences. Beyond the molecular activities attributed to the phytochemicals, the use of these tree nuts could be more considered in scientific researches as the effective nutrients for prevention or even management of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Gorji
- Traditional Medicine & Medical History Research Center, Health Research Center, Department of Persian Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Reihaneh Moeini
- Traditional Medicine & Medical History Research Center, Health Research Center, Department of Persian Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Zahra Memariani
- Traditional Medicine & Medical History Research Center, Health Research Center, Department of Persian Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Sgarbieri VC, Pacheco MTB. Premature or pathological aging: longevity. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-6723.19416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Abstract The main objective of this literature review was to summarize and characterize the main factors and events that may negatively influence quality of life and human longevity. The factors that act on premature aging processes are essentially the same as those of natural or healthy aging, but in a more intense and uncontrolled manner. Such factors are: 1) genetic (genome); 2) metabolic (metabolome); 3) environmental (life conditions and style, including diet). Factors 1 and 2 are more difficult to control by individuals; once depending on socioeconomic, cultural and educational conditions. Differently of environmental factors that may be totally controlled by individuals. Unfamiliarity with these factors leads to chronic and/or degenerative diseases that compromise quality of life and longevity.
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24
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Chang GQ, Karatayev O, Lukatskaya O, Leibowitz SF. Prenatal fat exposure and hypothalamic PPAR β/δ: Possible relationship to increased neurogenesis of orexigenic peptide neurons. Peptides 2016; 79:16-26. [PMID: 27002387 PMCID: PMC4872302 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Gestational exposure to a fat-rich diet, while elevating maternal circulating fatty acids, increases in the offspring's hypothalamus and amygdala the proliferation and density of neurons that express neuropeptides known to stimulate consummatory behavior. To understand the relationship between these phenomena, this study examined in the brain of postnatal offspring (day 15) the effect of prenatal fat exposure on the transcription factor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) β/δ, which is sensitive to fatty acids, and the relationship of PPAR β/δ to the orexigenic neuropeptides, orexin, melanin-concentrating hormone, and enkephalin. Prenatal exposure to a fat-rich diet compared to low-fat chow increased the density of cells immunoreactive for PPAR β/δ in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), perifornical lateral hypothalamus (PFLH), and central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), but not the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus or basolateral amygdaloid nucleus. It also increased co-labeling of PPAR β/δ with the cell proliferation marker, BrdU, or neuronal marker, NeuN, and the triple labeling of PPAR β/δ with BrdU plus NeuN, indicating an increase in proliferation and density of new PPAR β/δ neurons. Prenatal fat exposure stimulated the double-labeling of PPAR β/δ with orexin or melanin-concentrating hormone in the PFLH and enkephalin in the PVN and CeA and also triple-labeling of PPAR β/δ with BrdU and these neuropeptides, indicating that dietary fat increases the genesis of PPAR β/δ neurons that produce these peptides. These findings demonstrate a close anatomical relationship between PPAR β/δ and the increased proliferation and density of peptide-expressing neurons in the hypothalamus and amygdala of fat-exposed offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- G-Q Chang
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - O Karatayev
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - O Lukatskaya
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - S F Leibowitz
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
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25
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Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor Related Proteins as Regulators of Neural Stem and Progenitor Cell Function. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:2108495. [PMID: 26949399 PMCID: PMC4754494 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2108495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is a highly organised structure. Many signalling systems work in concert to ensure that neural stem cells are appropriately directed to generate progenitor cells, which in turn mature into functional cell types including projection neurons, interneurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Herein we explore the role of the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor family, in particular family members LRP1 and LRP2, in regulating the behaviour of neural stem and progenitor cells during development and adulthood. The ability of LRP1 and LRP2 to bind a diverse and extensive range of ligands, regulate ligand endocytosis, recruit nonreceptor tyrosine kinases for direct signal transduction and signal in conjunction with other receptors, enables them to modulate many crucial neural cell functions.
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26
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Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) modulates the effect of serum albumin on brain development by restraining the neurotrophic effect of oleic acid. Brain Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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27
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Hamilton LK, Dufresne M, Joppé SE, Petryszyn S, Aumont A, Calon F, Barnabé-Heider F, Furtos A, Parent M, Chaurand P, Fernandes KJL. Aberrant Lipid Metabolism in the Forebrain Niche Suppresses Adult Neural Stem Cell Proliferation in an Animal Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Cell Stem Cell 2015; 17:397-411. [PMID: 26321199 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism is fundamental for brain development and function, but its roles in normal and pathological neural stem cell (NSC) regulation remain largely unexplored. Here, we uncover a fatty acid-mediated mechanism suppressing endogenous NSC activity in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We found that postmortem AD brains and triple-transgenic Alzheimer's disease (3xTg-AD) mice accumulate neutral lipids within ependymal cells, the main support cell of the forebrain NSC niche. Mass spectrometry and microarray analyses identified these lipids as oleic acid-enriched triglycerides that originate from niche-derived rather than peripheral lipid metabolism defects. In wild-type mice, locally increasing oleic acid was sufficient to recapitulate the AD-associated ependymal triglyceride phenotype and inhibit NSC proliferation. Moreover, inhibiting the rate-limiting enzyme of oleic acid synthesis rescued proliferative defects in both adult neurogenic niches of 3xTg-AD mice. These studies support a pathogenic mechanism whereby AD-induced perturbation of niche fatty acid metabolism suppresses the homeostatic and regenerative functions of NSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Hamilton
- Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; CNS Research Group (GRSNC), Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Martin Dufresne
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Sandra E Joppé
- Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; CNS Research Group (GRSNC), Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Sarah Petryszyn
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Anne Aumont
- Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; CNS Research Group (GRSNC), Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; CHU-Q Research Center, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | | | - Alexandra Furtos
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Martin Parent
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Pierre Chaurand
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Karl J L Fernandes
- Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; CNS Research Group (GRSNC), Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.
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28
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Douglass AN, Kain HS, Abdullahi M, Arang N, Austin LS, Mikolajczak SA, Billman ZP, Hume JCC, Murphy SC, Kappe SHI, Kaushansky A. Host-based Prophylaxis Successfully Targets Liver Stage Malaria Parasites. Mol Ther 2015; 23:857-865. [PMID: 25648263 PMCID: PMC4427874 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Eliminating malaria parasites during the asymptomatic but obligate liver stages (LSs) of infection would stop disease and subsequent transmission. Unfortunately, only a single licensed drug that targets all LSs, Primaquine, is available. Targeting host proteins might significantly expand the repertoire of prophylactic drugs against malaria. Here, we demonstrate that both Bcl-2 inhibitors and P53 agonists dramatically reduce LS burden in a mouse malaria model in vitro and in vivo by altering the activity of key hepatocyte factors on which the parasite relies. Bcl-2 inhibitors act primarily by inducing apoptosis in infected hepatocytes, whereas P53 agonists eliminate parasites in an apoptosis-independent fashion. In combination, Bcl-2 inhibitors and P53 agonists act synergistically to delay, and in some cases completely prevent, the onset of blood stage disease. Both families of drugs are highly effective at doses that do not cause substantial hepatocyte cell death in vitro or liver damage in vivo. P53 agonists and Bcl-2 inhibitors were also effective when administered to humanized mice infected with Plasmodium falciparum. Our data demonstrate that host-based prophylaxis could be developed into an effective intervention strategy that eliminates LS parasites before the onset of clinical disease and thus opens a new avenue to prevent malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyse N Douglass
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Heather S Kain
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Marian Abdullahi
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Nadia Arang
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Laura S Austin
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | | | - Zachary P Billman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and the Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Jen C C Hume
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Sean C Murphy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and the Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Stefan H I Kappe
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Alexis Kaushansky
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States.
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29
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Lengi AJ, Corl BA. Bovine Brain Region-Specific Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase Expression and Fatty Acid Composition. Lipids 2015; 50:555-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-4015-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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