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Xu J, Wu S, Huo L, Zhang Q, Liu L, Ye Z, Cao J, Ma H, Shang C, Ma C. Trigeminal nerve stimulation restores hippocampal dopamine deficiency to promote cognitive recovery in traumatic brain injury. Prog Neurobiol 2023:102477. [PMID: 37270025 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment (CI) is a common neurological disease resulting from traumatic brain injury (TBI). Trigeminal nerve stimulation (TNS) is an emerging, non-invasive, and effective neuromodulation therapy especially for patients suffering from brain function disorders. However, the treatment and recovery mechanisms of TNS remain poorly understood. By using combined advanced technologies, we revealed here that the neuroprotective potential of TNS to improve CI caused by TBI. The study results found that 40Hz TNS treatment has the ability to improve CI in TBI mice and communicates with central nervous system via the trigeminal ganglion (TG). Transsynaptic virus experiments revealed that TG is connected to the hippocampus (HPC) through the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons of paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN) and the dopamine transporter (DAT) neurons of substantia nigra pars compacta/ventral tegmental area (SNc/VTA). Mechanistically, the data showed that TNS can increase the release of dopamine in the HPC by activating the following neural circuit: TG→CRH+ PVN→DAT+ SNc/VTA → HPC. Bulk RNA sequencing confirmed changes in the expression of dopamine-related genes in the HPC. This work preliminarily explains the efficacy and mechanism of TNS and adds to the increasing evidence demonstrating that nerve stimulation is an effective method to treat neurological diseases. DATA AVAILABILITY: The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Shaoling Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Lifang Huo
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Lijiaqi Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Zhimin Ye
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Haiyun Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Congping Shang
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, 510005, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510005, China.
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510030, China.
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Ni R, Shu Y, Luo P, Zhou J. Sexual dimorphism in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, medial preoptic area and suprachiasmatic nucleus in male and female tree shrews. J Anat 2022; 240:528-540. [PMID: 34642936 PMCID: PMC8819044 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in behaviour partly arise from the sexual dimorphism of brain anatomy between males and females. However, the sexual dimorphism of the tree shrew brain is unclear. In the present study, we examined the detailed distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive (VIP-ir) neurons and fibres in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and VIP-ir fibres in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) of male and female tree shrews. The overall volume of the SCN in male tree shrews was comparable with that in females. However, males showed a significantly higher density of VIP-ir cells and fibres in the SCN than females. The shape of the VIP-stained area in coronal sections was arched, elongated or oval in the lateral division (STL) and the anterior part of the medial division (STMA) of the BST and oval or round in the posterior part of the medial division of the BST (STMP). The volume of the VIP-stained BST in male tree shrews was similar to that in females. The overall distribution of VIP-ir fibres was similar between the sexes throughout the BST except within the STMA, where darkly stained fibres were observed in males, whereas lightly stained fibres were observed in females. Furthermore, male tree shrews showed a significantly higher intensity of Nissl staining in the medial preoptic area (MPA) and the ventral part of the medial division of the BST than females. These findings are the first to reveal sexual dimorphism in the SCN, BST and MPA of the tree shrew brain, providing neuroanatomical evidence of sexual dimorphism in these regions related to their roles in sex differences in physiology and behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong‐Jun Ni
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health CenterWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Huaxi Brain Research CenterWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yu‐Mian Shu
- School of Architecture and Civil EngineeringChengdu UniversityChengduChina
| | - Peng‐Hao Luo
- Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Brain Function and DiseasesSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Jiang‐Ning Zhou
- Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Brain Function and DiseasesSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
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Wang Y, Hu P, Shan Q, Huang C, Huang Z, Chen P, Li A, Gong H, Zhou JN. Single-cell morphological characterization of CRH neurons throughout the whole mouse brain. BMC Biol 2021; 19:47. [PMID: 33722214 PMCID: PMC7962243 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-00973-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is an important neuromodulator that is widely distributed in the brain and plays a key role in mediating stress responses and autonomic functions. While the distribution pattern of fluorescently labeled CRH-expressing neurons has been studied in different transgenic mouse lines, a full appreciation of the broad diversity of this population and local neural connectivity can only come from integration of single-cell morphological information as a defining feature. However, the morphologies of single CRH neurons and the local circuits formed by these neurons have not been acquired at brain-wide and dendritic-scale levels. RESULTS We screened the EYFP-expressing CRH-IRES-Cre;Ai32 mouse line to reveal the morphologies of individual CRH neurons throughout the whole mouse brain by using a fluorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography (fMOST) system. Diverse dendritic morphologies and projection fibers of CRH neurons were found in various brain regions. Follow-up reconstructions showed that hypothalamic CRH neurons had the smallest somatic volumes and simplest dendritic branches and that CRH neurons in several brain regions shared a common bipolar morphology. Further investigations of local CRH neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex unveiled somatic depth-dependent morphologies of CRH neurons that exhibited three types of mutual connections: basal dendrites (upper layer) with apical dendrites (layer 3); dendritic-somatic connections (in layer 2/3); and dendritic-dendritic connections (in layer 4). Moreover, hypothalamic CRH neurons were classified into two types according to their somatic locations and characteristics of dendritic varicosities. Rostral-projecting CRH neurons in the anterior parvicellular area had fewer and smaller dendritic varicosities, whereas CRH neurons in the periventricular area had more and larger varicosities that were present within dendrites projecting to the third ventricle. Arborization-dependent dendritic spines of CRH neurons were detected, among which the most sophisticated types were found in the amygdala and the simplest types were found in the hypothalamus. CONCLUSIONS By using the CRH-IRES-Cre;Ai32 mouse line and fMOST imaging, we obtained region-specific morphological distributions of CRH neurons at the dendrite level in the whole mouse brain. Taken together, our findings provide comprehensive brain-wide morphological information of stress-related CRH neurons and may facilitate further studies of the CRH neuronal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Pu Hu
- Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Qinghong Shan
- Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Chuan Huang
- Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zhaohuan Huang
- Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Anan Li
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Jiang-Ning Zhou
- Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China. .,Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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Huang ZH, Ni RJ, Luo PH, Zhou JN. Distribution of tyrosine-hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons in the hypothalamus of tree shrews. J Comp Neurol 2019; 528:935-952. [PMID: 31674014 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri chinensis) is the closest living relative of primates. Yet, little is known about the anatomical distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-immunoreactive (ir) structures in the hypothalamus of the tree shrew. Here, we provide the first detailed description of the distribution of TH-ir neurons in the hypothalamus of tree shrews via immunohistochemical techniques. TH-ir neurons were widely distributed throughout the hypothalamus of tree shrew. The majority of hypothalamic TH-ir neurons were found in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN) and supraoptic nucleus (SON), as was also observed in the human hypothalamus. In contrast, rare TH-ir neurons were localized in the PVN and SON of rats. Vasopressin (AVP) colocalized with TH-ir neurons in the PVN and SON in a large number of neurons, but oxytocin and corticotropin-releasing hormone did not colocalize with TH. In addition, colocalization of TH with AVP was also observed in the other hypothalamic regions. Moreover, TH-ir neurons in the PVN and SON of tree shrews expressed other dopaminergic markers (aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase and vesicular monoamine transporter, Type 2), further supporting that TH-ir neurons in the PVN and SON were catecholaminergic. These findings provide a detailed description of TH-ir neurons in the hypothalamus of tree shrews and demonstrate species differences in the distribution of this enzyme, providing a neurobiological basis for the participation of TH-ir neurons in the regulation of various hypothalamic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Huan Huang
- Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Jun Ni
- Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Hao Luo
- Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang-Ning Zhou
- Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
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Wang YY, Niu RZ, Wang JD, Jin Y, Wang TH, Liu F. Establishment of brain ischemia model in tree shrew. Brain Res 2019; 1718:194-200. [PMID: 31077648 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tree shrew, as a kind of small and inexpensive animal between insectivores and primates with the general anatomy being similar to human, could be considered as developed animal model for brain ischemia (BI) study. However, there is no neural behavior scores criterion from tree shrew with BI up to now. METHODS To produce BI model of tree shrew, a novel systematic neurobehavioral assessment scale, named as neural behavior scores (NBS) including aggressive behavior, seeking behavior, gait, startle reflex, high jump and warped-tail phenomenon was firstly established and used in this study. Moreover, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on the first day after the operation to detect the imaging changes caused by ischemia. Then TTC, HE staining and immunofluorescent staining for GFAP and NeuN, were performed 24 h after surgery respectively. RESULTS NBS in BI group were significantly higher than that of sham operation group at 1d, 3d, 5d and 7d after ischemia. Meanwhile, compared with the sham operation group, the T2 images demonstrated significant higher signal and local brain swelling after cerebral ischemia in tree shrews. The staining of TTC and HE showed apparent infarction and necrosis of the cerebral region, and most of neurons exhibited a shrink. CONCLUSION We have successfully established the BI model of tree shrew, confirmed by NBS (a new developed method), MRI, HE staining, TTC staining and immunofluorescence staining. It is the first time to report a novel neurobehavioral assessment scale for BI in tree shrew.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yang Wang
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Rui-Ze Niu
- Laboratory Zoology Department, Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Jie-Dong Wang
- Laboratory Zoology Department, Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Yuan Jin
- Laboratory Zoology Department, Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Ting-Hua Wang
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Laboratory Zoology Department, Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650000, China.
| | - Fei Liu
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Ni RJ, Huang ZH, Luo PH, Ma XH, Li T, Zhou JN. The tree shrew cerebellum atlas: Systematic nomenclature, neurochemical characterization, and afferent projections. J Comp Neurol 2018; 526:2744-2775. [PMID: 30155886 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The cerebellum is involved in the control of movement, emotional responses, and reward processing. The tree shrew is the closest living relative of primates. However, little is known not only about the systematic nomenclature for the tree shrew cerebellum but also about the detailed neurochemical characterization and afferent projections. In this study, Nissl staining and acetylcholinesterase histochemistry were used to reveal anatomical features of the cerebellum of tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri chinensis). The cerebellar cortex presented a laminar structure. The morphological characteristics of the cerebellum were comprehensively described in the coronal, sagittal, and horizontal sections. Moreover, distributive maps of calbindin-immunoreactive (-ir) cells in the Purkinje cell layer of the cerebellum of tree shrews were depicted using coronal, sagittal, and horizontal schematics. In addition, 5th cerebellar lobule (5Cb)-projecting neurons were present in the pontine nuclei, reticular nucleus, spinal vestibular nucleus, ventral spinocerebellar tract, and inferior olive of the tree shrew brain. The anterior part of the paramedian lobule of the cerebellum (PMa) received mainly strong innervation from the lateral reticular nucleus, inferior olive, pontine reticular nucleus, spinal trigeminal nucleus, pontine nuclei, and reticulotegmental nucleus of the pons. The present results provide the first systematic nomenclature, detailed atlas of the whole cerebellum, and whole-brain mapping of afferent projections to the 5Cb and PMa in tree shrews. Our findings provide morphological support for tree shrews as an alternative model for studies of human cerebellar pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Jun Ni
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhao-Huan Huang
- Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Peng-Hao Luo
- Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Ma
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Li
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiang-Ning Zhou
- Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Xu WX. Central and Peripheral Modulation of Visceral Pain and Visceral Hypersensitivity by the CRF-CRFR System. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.15406/ghoa.2017.06.00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Whole-brain mapping of afferent projections to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in tree shrews. Neuroscience 2016; 333:162-80. [PMID: 27436534 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) plays an important role in integrating and relaying input information to other brain regions in response to stress. The cytoarchitecture of the BST in tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri chinensis) has been comprehensively described in our previous publications. However, the inputs to the BST have not been described in previous reports. The aim of the present study was to investigate the sources of afferent projections to the BST throughout the brain of tree shrews using the retrograde tracer Fluoro-Gold (FG). The present results provide the first detailed whole-brain mapping of BST-projecting neurons in the tree shrew brain. The BST was densely innervated by the prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex, ventral subiculum, amygdala, ventral tegmental area, and parabrachial nucleus. Moreover, moderate projections to the BST originated from the medial preoptic area, supramammillary nucleus, paraventricular thalamic nucleus, pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus, dorsal raphe nucleus, locus coeruleus, and nucleus of the solitary tract. Afferent projections to the BST are identified in the ventral pallidum, nucleus of the diagonal band, ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus, posterior complex of the thalamus, interfascicular nucleus, retrorubral field, rhabdoid nucleus, intermediate reticular nucleus, and parvicellular reticular nucleus. In addition, the different densities of BST-projecting neurons in various regions were analyzed in the tree shrew brains. In summary, whole-brain mapping of direct inputs to the BST is delineated in tree shrews. These brain circuits are implicated in the regulation of numerous physiological and behavioral processes including stress, reward, food intake, and arousal.
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