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Adıgüzel E, Ülger TG. A marine-derived antioxidant astaxanthin as a potential neuroprotective and neurotherapeutic agent: A review of its efficacy on neurodegenerative conditions. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 977:176706. [PMID: 38843946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a potent lipid-soluble carotenoid produced by several different freshwater and marine microorganisms, including microalgae, bacteria, fungi, and yeast. The proven therapeutic effects of astaxanthin against different diseases have made this carotenoid popular in the nutraceutical market and among consumers. Recently, astaxanthin is also receiving attention for its effects in the co-adjuvant treatment or prevention of neurological pathologies. In this systematic review, studies evaluating the efficacy of astaxanthin against different neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, cerebrovascular diseases, and spinal cord injury are analyzed. Based on the current literature, astaxanthin shows potential biological activity in both in vitro and in vivo models. In addition, its preventive and therapeutic activities against the above-mentioned diseases have been emphasized in studies with different experimental designs. In contrast, none of the 59 studies reviewed reported any safety concerns or adverse health effects as a result of astaxanthin supplementation. The preventive or therapeutic role of astaxanthin may vary depending on the dosage and route of administration. Although there is a consensus in the literature regarding its effectiveness against the specified diseases, it is important to determine the safe intake levels of synthetic and natural forms and to determine the most effective forms for oral intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Adıgüzel
- Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, 70100, Karaman, Turkey.
| | - Taha Gökmen Ülger
- Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Bolu, Turkey
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2
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Zapata-Acevedo JF, Mantilla-Galindo A, Vargas-Sánchez K, González-Reyes RE. Blood-brain barrier biomarkers. Adv Clin Chem 2024; 121:1-88. [PMID: 38797540 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic interface that regulates the exchange of molecules and cells between the brain parenchyma and the peripheral blood. The BBB is mainly composed of endothelial cells, astrocytes and pericytes. The integrity of this structure is essential for maintaining brain and spinal cord homeostasis and protection from injury or disease. However, in various neurological disorders, such as traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis, the BBB can become compromised thus allowing passage of molecules and cells in and out of the central nervous system parenchyma. These agents, however, can serve as biomarkers of BBB permeability and neuronal damage, and provide valuable information for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. Herein, we provide an overview of the BBB and changes due to aging, and summarize current knowledge on biomarkers of BBB disruption and neurodegeneration, including permeability, cellular, molecular and imaging biomarkers. We also discuss the challenges and opportunities for developing a biomarker toolkit that can reliably assess the BBB in physiologic and pathophysiologic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Zapata-Acevedo
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias, Centro de Neurociencia Neurovitae-UR, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alejandra Mantilla-Galindo
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias, Centro de Neurociencia Neurovitae-UR, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Karina Vargas-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Celular, Grupo de Neurociencia Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Rodrigo E González-Reyes
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias, Centro de Neurociencia Neurovitae-UR, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.
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3
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Abbaszadeh F, Jorjani M, Joghataei MT, Raminfard S, Mehrabi S. Astaxanthin ameliorates spinal cord edema and astrocyte activation via suppression of HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in a rat model of spinal cord injury. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:3075-3086. [PMID: 37145127 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02512-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord edema is a quick-onset phenomenon with long-term effects. This complication is associated with inflammatory responses, as well as poor motor function. No effective treatment has been developed against spinal edema, which urges the need to provide novel therapies. Astaxanthin (AST) is a fat-soluble carotenoid with anti-inflammatory effects and a promising candidate for treating neurological disorders. This study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism of AST on the inhibition of spinal cord edema, astrocyte activation, and reduction of inflammatory responsesin a rat compression spinal cord injury (SCI) model. Male rats underwent laminectomy at thoracic 8-9, and the SCI model was induced using an aneurysm clip. After SCI, rats received dimethyl sulfoxide or AST via intrathecal injection. The effects of AST were examined on the motor function, spinal cord edema, integrity of blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB), and expression of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and aquaporin-4 (AQP4), and matrix metallopeptidase- 9 (MMP-9) post-SCI. We showed that AST potentially improved the recovery of motor function and inhibited the spinal cord edema via maintaining the integrity of BSCB, reducing the expression of HMGB1, TLR4, and NF-κB, MMP-9 as well as downregulation of astrocyte activation (GFAP) and AQP4 expression. AST improves motor function and reduces edema and inflammatory responses in the spinal tissue. These effects are mediated by suppression of the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, suppressing post-SCI astrocyte activation, and decreasing AQP4 and MMP-9 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Abbaszadeh
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Jorjani
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Taghi Joghataei
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Innovation in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa University, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Samira Raminfard
- Neuroimaging and Analysis Group, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Advanced Medical Technologies and Equipment Institue, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soraya Mehrabi
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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4
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Uchikawa H, Kameno K, Kai K, Kajiwara S, Fujimori K, Uekawa K, Fujiwara Y, Mukasa A, Kim-Mitsuyama S, Hasegawa Y. Pretreatment with Clodronate Improved Neurological Function by Preventing Reduction of Posthemorrhagic Cerebral Blood Flow in Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care 2023; 39:207-217. [PMID: 37308726 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-023-01754-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain perivascular macrophages (PVMs) are potential treatment targets for subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and previous studies revealed that their depletion by clodronate (CLD) improved outcomes after experimental SAH. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Therefore, we investigated whether reducing PVMs by CLD pretreatment improves SAH prognosis by inhibiting posthemorrhagic impairment of cerebral blood flow (CBF). METHODS In total, 80 male Sprague-Dawley rats received an intracerebroventricular injection of the vehicle (liposomes) or CLD. Subsequently, the rats were categorized into the prechiasmatic saline injection (sham) and blood injection (SAH) groups after 72 h. We assessed its effects on weak and severe SAH, which were induced by 200- and 300-µL arterial blood injections, respectively. In addition, neurological function at 72 h and CBF changes from before the intervention to 5 min after were assessed in rats after sham/SAH induction as the primary and secondary end points, respectively. RESULTS CLD significantly reduced PVMs before SAH induction. Although pretreatment with CLD in the weak SAH group provided no additive effects on the primary end point, rats in the severe SAH group showed significant improvement in the rotarod test. In the severe SAH group, CLD inhibited acute reduction of CBF and tended to decrease hypoxia-inducible factor 1α expression. Furthermore, CLD reduced the number of PVMs in rats subjected to sham and SAH surgery, although no effects were observed in oxidative stress and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Our study proposes that pretreatment with CLD-targeting PVMs can improve the prognosis of severe SAH through a candidate mechanism of inhibition of posthemorrhagic CBF reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Uchikawa
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Koki Kameno
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Keitaro Kai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Sosho Kajiwara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Kana Fujimori
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Ken Uekawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yukio Fujiwara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Akitake Mukasa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shokei Kim-Mitsuyama
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yu Hasegawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, Okawa, Japan.
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Paramakrishnan N, Lim KG, Paramaswaran Y, Ali N, Waseem M, Shazly GA, Bin Jardan YA, Muthuraman A. Astaxanthin: A Marine Drug That Ameliorates Cerebrovascular-Damage-Associated Alzheimer's Disease in a Zebrafish Model via the Inhibition of Matrix Metalloprotease-13. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:433. [PMID: 37623714 PMCID: PMC10455645 DOI: 10.3390/md21080433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major type of dementia disorder. Common cognitive changes occur as a result of cerebrovascular damage (CVD) via the disruption of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13). In diabetic cases, the progress of vascular dementia is faster and the AD rate is higher. Patients with type 2 diabetes are known to have a higher risk of the factor for AD progression. Hence, this study is designed to investigate the role of astaxanthin (AST) in CVD-associated AD in zebrafish via the inhibition of MMP-13 activity. CVD was developed through the intraperitoneal and intracerebral injection of streptozotocin (STZ). The AST (10 and 20 mg/L), donepezil (1 mg/L), and MMP-13 inhibitor (i.e., CL-82198; 10 μM) were exposed for 21 consecutive days in CVD animals. The cognitive changes in zebrafish were evaluated through light and dark chamber tests, a color recognition test, and a T-maze test. The biomarkers of AD pathology were assessed via the estimation of the cerebral extravasation of Evans blue, tissue nitrite, amyloid beta-peptide aggregation, MMP-13 activity, and acetylcholinesterase activity. The results revealed that exposure to AST leads to ameliorative behavioral and biochemical changes. Hence, AST can be used for the management of AD due to its multi-targeted actions, including MMP-13 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khian Giap Lim
- Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Yamunna Paramaswaran
- Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Nemat Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Waseem
- School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA
| | - Gamal A. Shazly
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef A. Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arunachalam Muthuraman
- Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
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6
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Honda M, Nishida Y. In Vitro Evaluation of Skin-Related Physicochemical Properties and Biological Activities of Astaxanthin Isomers. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:19311-19319. [PMID: 37305308 PMCID: PMC10249140 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c08173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dietary astaxanthin exists predominantly as the all-E-isomer; however, certain amounts of the Z-isomers are universally present in the skin, whose roles remain largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the astaxanthin E/Z-isomer ratio on skin-related physicochemical properties and biological activities using human dermal fibroblasts and B16 mouse melanoma cells. We revealed that astaxanthin enriched in Z-isomers (total Z-isomer ratio = 86.6%) exhibited greater UV-light-shielding ability and skin antiaging and skin-whitening activities, such as anti-elastase and anti-melanin formation activities, than the all-E-isomer-rich astaxanthin (total Z-isomer ratio = 3.3%). On the other hand, the all-E-isomer was superior to the Z-isomers in singlet oxygen scavenging/quenching activity, and the Z-isomers inhibited type I collagen release into the culture medium in a dose-dependent manner. Our findings help clarify the roles of astaxanthin Z-isomers in the skin and would help in the development of novel skin health-promoting food ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Honda
- Faculty
of Science & Technology, Meijo University, Shiogamaguchi,
Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8502, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nishida
- Fuji
Chemical Industries, Co., Ltd., Yokohoonji, Kamiich-machi, Nakaniikawa-gun, Toyama 930-0405, Japan
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7
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Effect of Saffron Extract, Astaxanthin, and Carnosic Acid on the Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 and on Body Weight Changes in Arthritis Experiments. EUROPEAN PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/afpuc-2022-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
AIM
The aim of this study was to explore the potential effect of natural compounds and their combination with methotrexate (M) on levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) as a key biochemical parameter in rat adjuvant arthritis. Further change of body weight was selected as one of clinical parameters monitored in this animal model.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Adjuvant arthritis (AA) was induced in Lewis rats. Methotrexate (M) was administrated twice a week in a dose of 0.3 mg/kg b.w. The saffron extract was administrated daily in two doses: 25 mg/kg b.w. (SF1) and 50 mg/kg b.w. (SF2). Both doses were administrated alone and in combination with M. Astaxanthin was administrated also daily in two doses: 1 mg/kg b.w. (AS1) and 5 mg/kg b.w. (AS2) only as monotherapy. Carnosic acid was administrated daily in one dose: 100 mg/kg (C) in monotherapy and in combination with M. All compounds and M were administrated orally. Plasma samples were collected on the 21st experimental day and used for ELISA determination. The 21st experimental day was used also for the analysis of body weight changes.
RESULTS
We observed a significant decrease of MMP-9 plasmatic levels in SF1 and SF2 monotherapy in AA animal groups. The decrease in levels of MMP-9 in combined therapy of SF1 and M had higher significance than the effect of M only in AA. The same decreasing effect on the levels of MMP-9 was observed in the combined therapy of C and M. Astaxanthin and saffron extract had a very similar effect on clinical parameters and the change in body weight: both have significantly increased body weight in monotherapy in both doses used. The combined therapy of M and saffron extract doses showed no significant difference from M itself. Carnosic acid did not affect the change of body weight, and the combination of C with M reached the same level as M alone.
CONCLUSION
Astaxanthin in monotherapy and saffron extract in monotherapy and in combined therapy with M have significantly decreased plasmatic levels of MMP-9 and increased body weight in animals suffering from AA. Lower doses were more efficient for both experiments: astaxanthin and saffron extract. Carnosic acid has no effect in monotherapy in both parameters, but a combination with M has a significant effect with respect to the improvement of cachexia as well as the inhibition of inflammation.
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8
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Wang S, Qi X. The Putative Role of Astaxanthin in Neuroinflammation Modulation: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:916653. [PMID: 35814201 PMCID: PMC9263351 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.916653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a protective mechanism against insults from exogenous pathogens and endogenous cellular debris and is essential for reestablishing homeostasis in the brain. However, excessive prolonged neuroinflammation inevitably leads to lesions and disease. The use of natural compounds targeting pathways involved in neuroinflammation remains a promising strategy for treating different neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. Astaxanthin, a natural xanthophyll carotenoid, is a well known antioxidant. Mounting evidence has revealed that astaxanthin is neuroprotective and has therapeutic potential by inhibiting neuroinflammation, however, its functional roles and underlying mechanisms in modulating neuroinflammation have not been systematically summarized. Hence, this review summarizes recent progress in this field and provides an update on the medical value of astaxanthin. Astaxanthin modulates neuroinflammation by alleviating oxidative stress, reducing the production of neuroinflammatory factors, inhibiting peripheral inflammation and maintaining the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. Mechanistically, astaxanthin scavenges radicals, triggers the Nrf2-induced activation of the antioxidant system, and suppresses the activation of the NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. With its good biosafety and high bioavailability, astaxanthin has strong potential for modulating neuroinflammation, although some outstanding issues still require further investigation.
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9
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Laminin as a Biomarker of Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption under Neuroinflammation: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126788. [PMID: 35743229 PMCID: PMC9224176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Laminin, a non-collagenous glycoprotein present in the brain extracellular matrix, helps to maintain blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity and regulation. Neuroinflammation can compromise laminin structure and function, increasing BBB permeability. The aim of this paper is to determine if neuroinflammation-induced laminin functional changes may serve as a potential biomarker of alterations in the BBB. The 38 publications included evaluated neuroinflammation, BBB disruption, and laminin, and were assessed for quality and risk of bias (protocol registered in PROSPERO; CRD42020212547). We found that laminin may be a good indicator of BBB overall structural integrity, although changes in expression are dependent on the pathologic or experimental model used. In ischemic stroke, permanent vascular damage correlates with increased laminin expression (β and γ subunits), while transient damage correlates with reduced laminin expression (α subunits). Laminin was reduced in traumatic brain injury and cerebral hemorrhage studies but increased in multiple sclerosis and status epilepticus studies. Despite these observations, there is limited knowledge about the role played by different subunits or isoforms (such as 411 or 511) of laminin in maintaining structural architecture of the BBB under neuroinflammation. Further studies may clarify this aspect and the possibility of using laminin as a biomarker in different pathologies, which have alterations in BBB function in common.
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10
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Alugoju P, Krishna Swamy VKD, Anthikapalli NVA, Tencomnao T. Health benefits of astaxanthin against age-related diseases of multiple organs: A comprehensive review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:10709-10774. [PMID: 35708049 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2084600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Age-related diseases are associated with increased morbidity in the past few decades and the cost associated with the treatment of these age-related diseases exerts a substantial impact on social and health care expenditure. Anti-aging strategies aim to mitigate, delay and reverse aging-associated diseases, thereby improving quality of life and reducing the burden of age-related pathologies. The natural dietary antioxidant supplementation offers substantial pharmacological and therapeutic effects against various disease conditions. Astaxanthin is one such natural carotenoid with superior antioxidant activity than other carotenoids, as well as well as vitamins C and E, and additionally, it is known to exhibit a plethora of pharmacological effects. The present review summarizes the protective molecular mechanisms of actions of astaxanthin on age-related diseases of multiple organs such as Neurodegenerative diseases [Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Stroke, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Status Epilepticus (SE)], Bone Related Diseases [Osteoarthritis (OA) and Osteoporosis], Cancers [Colon cancer, Prostate cancer, Breast cancer, and Lung Cancer], Cardiovascular disorders [Hypertension, Atherosclerosis and Myocardial infarction (MI)], Diabetes associated complications [Diabetic nephropathy (DN), Diabetic neuropathy, and Diabetic retinopathy (DR)], Eye disorders [Age related macular degeneration (AMD), Dry eye disease (DED), Cataract and Uveitis], Gastric Disorders [Gastritis, Colitis, and Functional dyspepsia], Kidney Disorders [Nephrolithiasis, Renal fibrosis, Renal Ischemia reperfusion (RIR), Acute kidney injury (AKI), and hyperuricemia], Liver Diseases [Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), Alcoholic Liver Disease (AFLD), Liver fibrosis, and Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion (IR) Injury], Pulmonary Disorders [Pulmonary Fibrosis, Acute Lung injury (ALI), and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)], Muscle disorders (skeletal muscle atrophy), Skin diseases [Atopic dermatitis (ATD), Skin Photoaging, and Wound healing]. We have also briefly discussed astaxanthin's protective effects on reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phaniendra Alugoju
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - V K D Krishna Swamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University (A Central University), Puducherry, India
| | | | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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11
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Xia D, Qiu W, Wang X, Liu J. Recent Advancements and Future Perspectives of Microalgae-Derived Pharmaceuticals. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:703. [PMID: 34940702 PMCID: PMC8703604 DOI: 10.3390/md19120703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgal cells serve as solar-powered factories that produce pharmaceuticals, recombinant proteins (vaccines and drugs), and valuable natural byproducts that possess medicinal properties. The main advantages of microalgae as cell factories can be summarized as follows: they are fueled by photosynthesis, are carbon dioxide-neutral, have rapid growth rates, are robust, have low-cost cultivation, are easily scalable, pose no risk of human pathogenic contamination, and their valuable natural byproducts can be further processed. Despite their potential, there are many technical hurdles that need to be overcome before the commercial production of microalgal pharmaceuticals, and extensive studies regarding their impact on human health must still be conducted and the results evaluated. Clearly, much work remains to be done before microalgae can be used in the large-scale commercial production of pharmaceuticals. This review focuses on recent advancements in microalgal biotechnology and its future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghua Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, The Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China;
| | - Wen Qiu
- Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China;
| | - Xianxian Wang
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany;
| | - Junying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, The Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China;
- Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Technology Centre (PMTC), Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94T9PX Limerick, Ireland
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12
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Cai W, Wu Q, Yan ZZ, He WZ, Zhou XM, Zhou LJ, Zhang JY, Zhang X. Neuroprotective Effect of Ultrasound Triggered Astaxanthin Release Nanoparticles on Early Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Front Chem 2021; 9:775274. [PMID: 34778220 PMCID: PMC8581801 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.775274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a fatal disease. Within 72 h of SAH, the intracranial blood-brain barrier (BBB) is destroyed, and the nerve cells have responses such as autophagy, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. Antioxidation is an essential treatment of SAH. Astaxanthin (ATX) induces cells' antioxidant behaviors by regulating related signal pathways to reduce the damage of brain oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Because of its easy degradability and low bioavailability, ATX is mainly encapsulated with stimulus-responsive nanocarriers to improve its stability, making it rapidly release in the brain and efficiently enter the lesion tissue. In this study, the ultrasonic cavitation agent perfluorocarbon (PFH), ATX, and fluorescent dye IR780 were loaded with polydopamine (PDA) to prepare a US triggered release nanoparticles (AUT NPs). The core-shell structure of AUT NPs formed a physical barrier to improve the bioavailability of ATX. AUT NPs have high ATX loading capacity and US responsiveness. The experimental results show that the AUT NPs have high stability in the physiological environment. Both US and pH stimuli can trigger the release. Under US, PFH breaks through the rigid shell. The structure of AUT NPs is destroyed in situ, releasing the loaded drugs into neuronal cells to realize the antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects. The in vivo experiment results show that the AUT NPs have good biosafety. They release the drugs in the brain under stimuli. The in vivo treatment results also show that AUT NPs have an excellent therapeutic effect. This approach presents an experimental basis for the establishment of Innovative SAH treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, the First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Suqian First People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi Zhong Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, the First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei-Zhen He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, the First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Long-Jiang Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian-Yong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Suqian First People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, the First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Effects of Microalgal Carotenoids. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19100531. [PMID: 34677429 PMCID: PMC8539290 DOI: 10.3390/md19100531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute inflammation is a key component of the immune system’s response to pathogens, toxic agents, or tissue injury, involving the stimulation of defense mechanisms aimed to removing pathogenic factors and restoring tissue homeostasis. However, uncontrolled acute inflammatory response may lead to chronic inflammation, which is involved in the development of many diseases, including cancer. Nowadays, the need to find new potential therapeutic compounds has raised the worldwide scientific interest to study the marine environment. Specifically, microalgae are considered rich sources of bioactive molecules, such as carotenoids, which are natural isoprenoid pigments with important beneficial effects for health due to their biological activities. Carotenoids are essential nutrients for mammals, but they are unable to synthesize them; instead, a dietary intake of these compounds is required. Carotenoids are classified as carotenes (hydrocarbon carotenoids), such as α- and β-carotene, and xanthophylls (oxygenate derivatives) including zeaxanthin, astaxanthin, fucoxanthin, lutein, α- and β-cryptoxanthin, and canthaxanthin. This review summarizes the present up-to-date knowledge of the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of microalgal carotenoids both in vitro and in vivo, as well as the latest status of human studies for their potential use in prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases and cancer.
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Xu H, Cai Y, Yu M, Sun J, Cai J, Li J, Qin B, Ying G, Chen T, Shen Y, Jie L, Xu D, Gu C, Wang C, Hu X, Chen J, Wang L, Chen G. Celastrol protects against early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats through alleviating blood-brain barrier disruption and blocking necroptosis. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:16816-16833. [PMID: 34182541 PMCID: PMC8266331 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a life-threatening disease worldwide, and effective pharmaceutical treatment is still lacking. Celastrol is a plant-derived triterpene which showed neuroprotective potential in several types of brain insults. This study aimed to investigate the effects of celastrol on early brain injury (EBI) after SAH. METHODS A total of sixty-one male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. Rat SAH endovascular perforation model was established to mimic the pathological changes of EBI after SAH. Multiple methods such as 3.0T MRI scanning, immunohistochemistry, western blotting and propidium iodide (PI) labeling were used to explore the therapeutic effects of celastrol on SAH. RESULTS Celastrol treatment attenuated SAH-caused brain swelling, reduced T2 lesion volume and ventricular volume in MRI scanning, and improved overall neurological score. Albumin leakage and the degradation of tight junction proteins were also ameliorated after celastrol administration. Celastrol protected blood-brain bairrer integrity through inhibiting MMP-9 expression and anti-neuroinflammatory effects. Additionally, necroptosis-related proteins RIP3 and MLKL were down-regulated and PI-positive cells in the basal cortex were less in the celastrol-treated SAH group than that in untreated SAH group. CONCLUSIONS Celastrol exhibits neuroprotective effects on EBI after SAH and deserves to be further investigated as an add-on pharmaceutical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangzhe Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Yong Cai
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Mengyan Yu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Jing Sun
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Jing Cai
- Neurointensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Jingbo Li
- Neurointensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Bing Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Guangyu Ying
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Yongfeng Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Liyong Jie
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Demin Xu
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518034, China
| | - Chi Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - XiaoYi Hu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Jingsen Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Gao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
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Gao HL, Yu XJ, Liu KL, Zuo YY, Fu LY, Chen YM, Zhang DD, Shi XL, Qi J, Li Y, Yi QY, Tian H, Wang XM, Yu JY, Zhu GQ, Liu JJ, Kang KB, Kang YM. Chronic Infusion of Astaxanthin Into Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus Modulates Cytokines and Attenuates the Renin-Angiotensin System in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 77:170-181. [PMID: 33538532 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Oxidative stress, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), and inflammation are some of the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension. The aim of this study is to examine the protective effect of the chronic administration of astaxanthin, which is extracted from the shell of crabs and shrimps, into hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Animals were randomly assigned to 2 groups and treated with bilateral PVN infusion of astaxanthin or vehicle (artificial cerebrospinal fluid) through osmotic minipumps (Alzet Osmotic Pumps, Model 2004, 0.25 μL/h) for 4 weeks. Spontaneously hypertensive rats had higher mean arterial pressure and plasma level of norepinephrine and proinflammatory cytokine; higher PVN levels of reactive oxygen species, NOX2, NOX4, IL-1β, IL-6, ACE, and AT1-R; and lower PVN levels of IL-10 and Cu/Zn SOD, Mn SOD, ACE2, and Mas receptors than Wistar-Kyoto rats. Our data showed that chronic administration of astaxanthin into PVN attenuated the overexpression of reactive oxygen species, NOX2, NOX4, inflammatory cytokines, and components of RAS within the PVN and suppressed hypertension. The present results revealed that astaxanthin played a role in the brain. Our findings demonstrated that astaxanthin had protective effect on hypertension by improving the balance between inflammatory cytokines and components of RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Li Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai-Li Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi-Yi Zuo
- College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Yan Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan-Mei Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an, China
| | - Dong-Dong Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Lian Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Qi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiu-Yue Yi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an, China
| | - Hua Tian
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Min Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an, China
| | - Jia-Yue Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Jin-Jun Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai B Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an, China
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Zhang J, Nie Y, Pang Q, Zhang X, Wang Q, Tang J. Effects of stellate ganglion block on early brain injury in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage: a randomised control trial. BMC Anesthesiol 2021; 21:23. [PMID: 33472582 PMCID: PMC7816408 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-020-01215-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a common neurosurgical emergency, and early brain injury (EBI) plays an important role in acute brain injury of SAH. Our objective is to investigate the effect of stellate ganglion block (SGB) on the clinical prognosis of patients with SAH (registration number ChiCTR2000030910). Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 102 participants. Patients with SAH were assigned to the SGB or nSGB group. Patients in the SGB group received SGB four times (once every other day starting on the day of the surgery). In contrast, patients in the nSGB group only received standard care. Data were collected on the day before surgery (T0) and on the 1st (T1), 3rd (T2) and 7th day (T3) after surgery. The primary outcomes included EBI markers (including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, ET-1, NPY, NSE and S100β), the mean cerebral blood flow velocity of the middle cerebral artery (Vm-MCA) and the basilar artery (Vm-BA). All cases were followed up for 6 months after surgery. Results The levels of the EBI markers in both groups were higher at T1–T3 than at T0 (P<0.05), and the Vm-MCA and Vm-BA were also increased at the same times. However, the levels of the EBI markers were lower in the SGB group than in the nSGB group (P<0.05), and the increases of Vm-MCA and Vm-BA were also lower (P<0.05). The prognosis score and neurological deficit were better in the SGB group than in the nSGB group (P<0.05). Conclusions SGB can improve the prognosis of SAH patients by inhibiting the inflammatory response during EBI and by reducing endothelial dysfunction and relieving CVS. Trial registration Clinical trial number: ChiCTR2000030910; Registry URL: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry; Principal investigator's name: Ying Nie; Date of Trial registration: March, 2020 (retrospectively registered). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12871-020-01215-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, 999 Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Nie
- Department of Anesthesiology, 999 Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiongni Pang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Xubiao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, 999 Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianting Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, 999 Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Anesthesia, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China.
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18
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You ZQ, Wu Q, Zhou XM, Zhang XS, Yuan B, Wen LL, Xu WD, Cui S, Tang XL, Zhang X. Receptor-Mediated Delivery of Astaxanthin-Loaded Nanoparticles to Neurons: An Enhanced Potential for Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Treatment. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:989. [PMID: 31619957 PMCID: PMC6759683 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (ATX) is a carotenoid that exerts strong anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory property deriving from its highly unsaturated molecular structures. However, the low stability and solubility of ATX results in poor bioavailability, which markedly hampers its application as therapeutic agent in clinic advancement. This study investigated a promising way of transferrin conjugated to poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG)-encapsulated ATX nanoparticles (ATX-NPs) on targeted delivery and evaluated the possible mechanism underlying neuroprotection capability. As a result, the ATX integrated into nanocarrier presented both well water-dispersible and biocompatible, primely conquering its limitations. More than that, the transferrin-containing ATX-NPs exhibited enhanced cellular uptake efficiency than that of ATX-NPs without transferrin conjugated in primary cortical neurons. Additionally, compared to free ATX, transferrin-containing ATX-NPs with lower ATX concentration showed powerful neuroprotective effects on OxyHb-induced neuronal damage. Taken together, the improved bioavailability and enhanced neuroprotective effects enabled ATX-NPs as favorable candidates for targeted delivery and absorption of ATX. We believe that these in vitro findings will provide insights for advancement of subarachnoid hemorrhage therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Qi You
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Sheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li-Li Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei-Dong Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University (Guangzhou), Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng Cui
- College of Material Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang-Long Tang
- College of Material Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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19
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The Neuroprotective Effects of Astaxanthin: Therapeutic Targets and Clinical Perspective. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24142640. [PMID: 31330843 PMCID: PMC6680436 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As the leading causes of human disability and mortality, neurological diseases affect millions of people worldwide and are on the rise. Although the general roles of several signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders have so far been identified, the exact pathophysiology of neuronal disorders and their effective treatments have not yet been precisely elucidated. This requires multi-target treatments, which should simultaneously attenuate neuronal inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. In this regard, astaxanthin (AST) has gained growing interest as a multi-target pharmacological agent against neurological disorders including Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), brain and spinal cord injuries, neuropathic pain (NP), aging, depression, and autism. The present review highlights the neuroprotective effects of AST mainly based on its anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and anti-apoptotic properties that underlies its pharmacological mechanisms of action to tackle neurodegeneration. The need to develop novel AST delivery systems, including nanoformulations, targeted therapy, and beyond, is also considered.
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Fumoto T, Naraoka M, Katagai T, Li Y, Shimamura N, Ohkuma H. The Role of Oxidative Stress in Microvascular Disturbances after Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res 2019; 10:684-694. [PMID: 30628008 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-018-0685-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress was shown to play a crucial role in the diverse pathogenesis of early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Microcirculatory dysfunction is thought to be an important and fundamental pathological change in EBI. However, other than blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, the influence of oxidative stress on microvessels remains to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of oxidative stress on microcirculatory integrity in EBI. SAH was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats using an endovascular perforation technique. A free radical scavenger, edaravone, was administered prophylactically by intraperitoneal injection. SAH grade, neurological score, brain water content, and BBB permeability were measured at 24 h after SAH induction. In addition, cortical samples taken at 24 h after SAH were analyzed to explore oxidative stress, microvascular mural cell apoptosis, microspasm, and microthrombosis. Edaravone treatment significantly ameliorated neurological deficits, brain edema, and BBB disruption. In addition, oxidative stress-induced modifications and subsequent apoptosis of microvascular endothelial cells and pericytes increased after SAH induction, while the administration of edaravone suppressed this. Consistent with apoptotic cell inhibition, microthromboses were also inhibited by edaravone administration. Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the induction of multiple pathological changes in microvessels in EBI. Antioxidants are potential candidates for the treatment of microvascular disturbances after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Fumoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Masato Naraoka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Takeshi Katagai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Yuchen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Norihito Shimamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ohkuma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan.
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Fakhri S, Abbaszadeh F, Dargahi L, Jorjani M. Astaxanthin: A mechanistic review on its biological activities and health benefits. Pharmacol Res 2018; 136:1-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Altunrende ME, Gezen-Ak D, Atasoy İL, Candaş E, Dursun E. The Role of Astaxanthin on Transcriptional Regulation of NMDA Receptors Voltage Sensitive Calcium Channels and Calcium Binding Proteins in Primary Cortical Neurons. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 55:295-300. [PMID: 30622383 DOI: 10.29399/npa.23259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Calcium (Ca) is the phenomenon intracellular molecule that regulate many cellular process in neurons physiologically. Calcium dysregulation may occur in neurons due to excessive synaptic release of glutamate or other reasons related with neurodegeneration. Astaxanthin is a carotenoid that has antioxidant effect in cell. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether astaxanthin affects NMDA subunits, calcium binding proteins and L Type voltage sensitive Ca-channels (LVSCC) in primary cortical neuron cultures in order to see its role in calcium metabolism. Methods Primary cortical neurons were prepared from embryonic day 16-Sprague Dawley rat embryos. The cultures were treated with 10 nM and 20 nM astaxanthin on day 7. NMDA subunits, LVSCC-A1C and LVSCC-A1D, calbindinD28k and parvalbumin mRNA expression levels was determined by qRT-PCR at 4, 24 and 48 hours. Results Our findings indicate that astaxanthin could have direct or indirect outcome on calcium homeostasis by regulating mRNA expression levels of NMDA subunits, LVSCC-A1C and LVSCC-A1D, calbindinD28k and parvalbumin by a dose and time dependent manner. Conclusion Neuroprotective effects of astaxanthin as a Ca homeostasis regulator should be noted throughout neurodegenerative disorders, and neurosurgery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhittin Emre Altunrende
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gaziosmanpaşa Taksim Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Duygu Gezen-Ak
- Brain and Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Biology, İstanbul University Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - İrem L Atasoy
- Brain and Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Biology, İstanbul University Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Esin Candaş
- Brain and Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Biology, İstanbul University Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdinç Dursun
- Brain and Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Biology, İstanbul University Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
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Leclerc JL, Garcia JM, Diller MA, Carpenter AM, Kamat PK, Hoh BL, Doré S. A Comparison of Pathophysiology in Humans and Rodent Models of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:71. [PMID: 29623028 PMCID: PMC5875105 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) affects an estimated 30,000 people each year in the United States, with an overall mortality of ~30%. Most cases of SAH result from a ruptured intracranial aneurysm, require long hospital stays, and result in significant disability and high fatality. Early brain injury (EBI) and delayed cerebral vasospasm (CV) have been implicated as leading causes of morbidity and mortality in these patients, necessitating intense focus on developing preclinical animal models that replicate clinical SAH complete with delayed CV. Despite the variety of animal models currently available, translation of findings from rodent models to clinical trials has proven especially difficult. While the explanation for this lack of translation is unclear, possibilities include the lack of standardized practices and poor replication of human pathophysiology, such as delayed cerebral vasospasm and ischemia, in rodent models of SAH. In this review, we summarize the different approaches to simulating SAH in rodents, in particular elucidating the key pathophysiology of the various methods and models. Ultimately, we suggest the development of standardized model of rodent SAH that better replicates human pathophysiology for moving forward with translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L Leclerc
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Joshua M Garcia
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Matthew A Diller
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Anne-Marie Carpenter
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Pradip K Kamat
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Brian L Hoh
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Sylvain Doré
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Lv SY, Wu Q, Liu JP, Shao J, Wen LL, Xue J, Zhang XS, Zhang QR, Zhang X. Levels of Interleukin-1β, Interleukin-18, and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patients May Be Predictors of Early Brain Injury and Clinical Prognosis. World Neurosurg 2017; 111:e362-e373. [PMID: 29277532 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.12.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a severe cerebrovascular accident with high morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between level of inflammatory cytokines in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of aSAH patients, the severity of aSAH, and the outcome of aSAH patients. METHODS aSAH patients were prospectively included and followed-up for 6 months. CSF samples were collected at 1-3, 4-6, and 7-9 days after aSAH onset. Levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the CSF of aSAH patients were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Eighty-one aSAH patients were enrolled. The levels of IL-1β, IL-18 and TNF-α in the CSF were especially higher in the group of aSAH patients with cerebral edema, cerebral vasospasm, and a high grade on Hunt-Hess scale, the high World Federation of Neurological Surgeons grades, and Fisher grade (P < 0.01). Higher levels of plasma C-reactive protein in the blood were correlated with poor outcome. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for the levels of inflammatory cytokines in CSF were 0.85, 0.84, and 0.95, respectively. Clinical features (age, Hunt-Hess grade, etc.) were positively correlated with poor outcomes (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The levels of IL-1β, IL-18, and TNF-α in CSF were elevated in aSAH patients and were positively associated with cerebral edema and acute hydrocephalus. Our findings suggest that CSF inflammatory cytokines might be biomarkers to assess severity and predict outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yin Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University (Guangzhou), Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing-Peng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University (Guangzhou), Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiang Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University (Guangzhou), Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li-Li Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang-Sheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qing-Rong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University (Guangzhou), Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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Wang L, Gao Z. Expression of MMP-9 and IL-6 in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage and the clinical significance. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:1510-1514. [PMID: 29434735 PMCID: PMC5774465 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and the clinical significance thereof. Forty-three patients with SAH and 23 healthy individuals were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into the cerebral vasospasm (CVS) and non-cerebral vasospasm (non-CVS) groups, or the good and poor prognosis groups. Serum levels of MMP-9 and IL-6 were detected by ELISA. Expression levels of MMP-9 and IL-6 mRNAs were detected by RT-qPCR. Expression levels of MMP-9 and IL-6 were elevated with the increase of grades as determined by the Hunt-Hess grading method. Serum levels of MMP-9 and IL-6 in the CVS and poor prognosis groups were significantly higher than those in the control group. Expression levels of MMP-9 and IL-6 in the CVS group were significantly higher than those in the non-CVS group (P<0.05). Compared with the good prognosis group, the expression levels of MMP-9 and IL-6 were significantly increased in the poor prognosis group at 1, 4, 7 and 10 days after SAH (P<0.05). Additionally, the expression level of MMP-9 was significantly positively correlated with that of IL-6 (P<0.05). Expression levels of MMP-9 and IL-6 were significantly increased in patients with SAH, and the expression level of MMP-9 was positively correlated with that of IL-6. Thus, MMP-9 and IL-6 are involved in the development of SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luchen Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Queen Mary College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, P.R. China
| | - Ziyun Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, P.R. China
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Zhang X, Wu Q, Zhang Q, Lu Y, Liu J, Li W, Lv S, Zhou M, Zhang X, Hang C. Resveratrol Attenuates Early Brain Injury after Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage via Inhibition of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:611. [PMID: 29163015 PMCID: PMC5675880 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated resveratrol (RSV) has beneficial effects in early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, the beneficial effects of RSV and the underlying mechanisms have not been clearly identified. The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation plays a crucial role in the EBI pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of RSV on the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway and EBI in rats after SAH. A prechiasmatic cistern injection model was established in rats, and the primary cultured cortical neurons were stimulated with oxyhemoglobin (oxyHb) to induce SAH in vitro. It showed that the NLRP3 inflammasome components, including NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), caspase-1, mature interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-18 (IL-18) were upregulated after SAH, and the enhanced NLRP3 after SAH was mainly located in microglia. Treatment with 60 or 90 mg/kg RSV after SAH dramatically inhibited the expression of NLRP3, but there was no significant difference in the expression of NLRP3 between the SAH + 60 mg/kg RSV and SAH + 90 mg/kg RSV groups. In addition, treatment with 30 mg/kg RSV did not significantly reduced the expression of NLRP3. We next evaluated the neuroprotective effects of RSV against SAH. We determined that SAH-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation was significantly inhibited in the SAH + 60 mg/kg RSV group. Meanwhile, 60 mg/kg RSV administration could markedly inhibit microglia activation and neutrophils infiltration after SAH. Concomitant with the decreased cerebral inflammation, RSV evidently reduced cortical apoptosis, brain edema, and neurobehavioral impairment after SAH. In vitro experiments, RSV treatment also clearly protected primary cortical neurons against oxyHb insults, including reduced the proportion of neuronal apoptosis, alleviated neuronal degeneration, and improved cell viabilities. These in vitro data further confirm that RSV has an efficient neuroprotection against SAH. Taken together, these in vivo and in vitro findings suggested RSV could protect against EBI after SAH, at least partially via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangsheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingrong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingpeng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengyin Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengliang Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunhua Hang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Fang Q, Guo S, Zhou H, Han R, Wu P, Han C. Astaxanthin protects against early burn-wound progression in rats by attenuating oxidative stress-induced inflammation and mitochondria-related apoptosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41440. [PMID: 28128352 PMCID: PMC5269753 DOI: 10.1038/srep41440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Burn-wound progression can occur in the initial or peri-burn area after a deep burn injury. The stasis zone has a higher risk of deterioration mediated by multiple factors but is also considered salvageable. Astaxanthin (ATX), which is extracted from some marine organisms, is a natural compound with a strong antioxidant effect that has been reported to attenuate organ injuries caused by traumatic injuries. Hence, we investigated the potential effects of ATX on preventing early burn-wound progression. A classic "comb" burn rat model was established in this study for histological and biological assessments, which revealed that ATX, particularly higher doses, alleviated histological deterioration in the stasis zone. Additionally, we observed dose-dependent improvements in oxidative stress and the release of inflammatory mediators after ATX treatment. Furthermore, ATX dose-dependently attenuated burn-induced apoptosis in the wound areas, and this effect was accompanied by increases in Akt and Bad phosphorylation and a downregulation of cytochrome C and caspase expression. In addition, the administration of Ly 294002 further verified the effect of ATX. In summary, we demonstrated that ATX protected against early burn-wound progression in a rat deep-burn model. This protection might be mediated by the attenuation of oxidative stress-induced inflammation and mitochondria-related apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Fang
- Department of Burns, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Binjiang Branch, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, 1511 Jianghong Road, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Songxue Guo
- Department of Burns, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hanlei Zhou
- Department of Burns, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rui Han
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310020, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pan Wu
- Department of Burns, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunmao Han
- Department of Burns, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
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Yuan J, Liu W, Zhu H, Zhang X, Feng Y, Chen Y, Feng H, Lin J. Curcumin attenuates blood-brain barrier disruption after subarachnoid hemorrhage in mice. J Surg Res 2017; 207:85-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.08.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Zhang XS, Li W, Wu Q, Wu LY, Ye ZN, Liu JP, Zhuang Z, Zhou ML, Zhang X, Hang CH. Resveratrol Attenuates Acute Inflammatory Injury in Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats via Inhibition of TLR4 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081331. [PMID: 27529233 PMCID: PMC5000728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has been proven to play a critical role in neuroinflammation and to represent an important therapeutic target following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Resveratrol (RSV), a natural occurring polyphenolic compound, has a powerful anti-inflammatory property. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of RSV in protecting against early brain injury (EBI) after SAH remain obscure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of RSV on the TLR4-related inflammatory signaling pathway and EBI in rats after SAH. A prechiasmatic cistern SAH model was used in our experiment. The expressions of TLR4, high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were evaluated by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. The expressions of Iba-1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines in brain cortex were determined by Western blot, immunofluorescence staining, or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Neural apoptosis, brain edema, and neurological function were further evaluated to investigate the development of EBI. We found that post-SAH treatment with RSV could markedly inhibit the expressions of TLR4, HMGB1, MyD88, and NF-κB. Meanwhile, RSV significantly reduced microglia activation, as well as inflammatory cytokines leading to the amelioration of neural apoptosis, brain edema, and neurological behavior impairment at 24 h after SAH. However, RSV treatment failed to alleviate brain edema and neurological deficits at 72 h after SAH. These results indicated that RSV treatment could alleviate EBI after SAH, at least in part, via inhibition of TLR4-mediated inflammatory signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Sheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Jinling Hospital, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China.
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Jinling Hospital, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China.
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Jinling Hospital, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China.
| | - Ling-Yun Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Jinling Hospital, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China.
| | - Zhen-Nan Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University (Guangzhou), Jinling Hospital, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China.
| | - Jing-Peng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University (Guangzhou), Jinling Hospital, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China.
| | - Zong Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Jinling Hospital, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China.
| | - Meng-Liang Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Jinling Hospital, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Jinling Hospital, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University (Guangzhou), Jinling Hospital, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China.
| | - Chun-Hua Hang
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Jinling Hospital, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University (Guangzhou), Jinling Hospital, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China.
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Measuring serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels in peripheral blood after subarachnoid hemorrhage to predict cerebral vasospasm. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:1153. [PMID: 27504251 PMCID: PMC4958081 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2837-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose We aimed to investigate serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in both subarachnoid hemorrhage and control groups for prediction of cerebral vasospasm in this study. Methods Venous serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels were prospectively measured four times (days 1, 3, 7, and 14) for 34 consecutive patients with subarachnoidal hemorrhage (n = 27) and for elective aneurysm clipping (control, n = 7). Results Vasospasm developed in 11/34 (32.4 %) patients between 3 and 10 days after subarachnoid hemorrhage (median 5.58 days), mean peak serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 compared with the non-vasospasm cohort. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels were higher in subarachnoid hemorrhage patients than in the controls. Conclusion Increased serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 could be an accurate biomarker to predict the onset of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
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