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Shi H, Zhao Y. Astaxanthin inhibits apoptosis in a cell model of tauopathy by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 983:176962. [PMID: 39214273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The accumulation of misfolded proteins is a common pathological characteristic shared by many neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. The disruption of proteostasis triggers endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, during which the unfolded protein response (UPR) is initiated by the activation of protein kinase R-like ER kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6). These three branches of UPR signals act in concert to reduce the levels of abnormal proteins and restore ER homeostasis. However, the overactivation of UPR impairs cell function and induces apoptosis, which has been implicated in neurodegeneration. Astaxanthin is a xanthophyll carotenoid which has been shown to have neuroprotective effects in both cell and animal models; however, its effects on ER stress and UPR induced by disrupted proteostasis remain unclear. In this study, the effects of astaxanthin on ER stress and cytotoxicity were investigated in N2a cells stably expressing the pro-aggregant tau repeat domain carrying FTDP-17 mutation ΔK280 (Tau4RDΔK280). The results demonstrated that astaxanthin significantly inhibited Tau4RDΔK280-induced loss of cell viability and apoptosis, attenuating Tau4RDΔK280-induced caspase-3 activation and decrease of Bcl-2. Further studies revealed that astaxanthin treatment alleviated Tau4RDΔK280-induced ER stress and suppressed the activation of PERK, IRE1 and ATF6 signaling pathways. These findings suggested that astaxanthin might inhibit Tau4RDΔK280-induced cytotoxicity by attenuating UPR and ER stress. In addition, astaxanthin treatment resulted in a great reduction in the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species and a significant decrease in calcium influx induced by Tau4RDΔK280, which also contributed to the protective effects of astaxanthin against Tau4RDΔK280-induced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huahua Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China; Department of Bioengineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, 264209, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China; Department of Bioengineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, 264209, China.
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Alkholifi FK, Devi S, Aldawsari MF, Foudah AI, Alqarni MH, Salkini MA, Sweilam SH. Effects of Tiliroside and Lisuride Co-Treatment on the PI3K/Akt Signal Pathway: Modulating Neuroinflammation and Apoptosis in Parkinson's Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2735. [PMID: 37893109 PMCID: PMC10604177 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Researchers are actively exploring potential bioactive compounds to enhance the effectiveness of Lisuride (Lis) in treating Parkinson's disease (PD) over the long term, aiming to mitigate the serious side effects associated with its extended use. A recent study found that combining the dietary flavonoid Tiliroside (Til) with Lis has potential anti-Parkinson's benefits. The study showed significant improvements in PD symptoms induced by 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) when Til and Lis were given together, based on various behavioral tests. This combined treatment significantly improved motor function and protected dopaminergic neurons in rats with PD induced by MPTP. It also activated important molecular pathways related to cell survival and apoptosis control, as indicated by the increased pAkt/Akt ratio. Til and Lis together increased B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), decreased caspase 3 activity, and prevented brain cell decay. Co-administration also reduced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin-1 (IL-1). Antioxidant markers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and reduced glutathione significantly improved compared to the MPTP-induced control group. This study shows that using Til and Lis together effectively treats MPTP-induced PD in rats, yielding results comparable to an 8 mg/kg dose of levodopa, highlighting their potential as promising Parkinson's treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal K. Alkholifi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sushma Devi
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India
| | - Mohammed F. Aldawsari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed I. Foudah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (A.I.F.); (M.H.A.)
| | - Mohammed H. Alqarni
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (A.I.F.); (M.H.A.)
| | - Mohamad Ayman Salkini
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (A.I.F.); (M.H.A.)
| | - Sherouk Hussein Sweilam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (A.I.F.); (M.H.A.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City 11829, Egypt
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Tao JW, Fan X, Zhou JY, Huo LY, Mo YJ, Bai HZ, Zhao Y, Ren JP, Mu XH, Xu L. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor effects on neurological and motor function in animals with spinal cord injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1168764. [PMID: 37449274 PMCID: PMC10338098 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1168764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe neurological injury for which no effective treatment exists. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is used to treat autologous bone marrow transplantation, chemotherapy-induced granulocytopenia, Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), etc. Recent research has revealed the potential application of G-CSF on neuroprotective effectiveness. In central nervous system diseases, G-CSF can be used to alleviate neuronal injury. Objective To investigate the effects of G-CSF on Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scale score, inclined plane test, electrophysiologic exam, quantitative analysis of TUNEL-positive cells, and quantitative analysis of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunostaining images in animal models of SCI. Methods We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases for all articles on G-CSF intervention with animal models of SCI reported before November 2022. A total of 20 studies met the inclusion criteria. Results Results revealed that G-CSF intervention could improve the BBB scale score in both groups at 3, 7, 14, 28, and 35 days [at 35 days, weighted mean differences (WMD) = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.92-2.87, p < 0.00001, I2 = 69%]; inclined plane test score; electrophysiologic exam; quantitative analysis of TUNEL-positive cell numbers; quantitative analysis of GFAP immunostaining images in animal models of SCI. Subgroup analysis revealed that treatment with normal saline, phosphate-buffered saline, and no treatment resulted in significantly different neurological function effectiveness compared to the G-CSF therapy. SD rats and Wistar rats with SCI resulted in significant neurological function effectiveness. C57BL/6 mice showed no difference in the final effect. The T9-T10 or T10 segment injury model and the T8-T9 or T9 segment injury model resulted in significant neurological function effectiveness. The BBB score data showed no clear funnel plot asymmetry. We found no bias in the analysis result (Egger's test, p = 0.42). In our network meta-analysis, the SUCRA ranking showed that 15 mg/kg-20 mg/kg was an optimal dose for long-term efficacy. Conclusion Our meta-analysis suggests that G-CSF therapy may enhance the recovery of motor activity and have a specific neuroprotective effect in SCI animal models.Systematic review registration: PROSPERO, identifier: CRD42023388315.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wei Tao
- Center for Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Fan
- Center for Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing, China
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing-Ya Zhou
- Center for Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lu-Yao Huo
- Center for Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Jun Mo
- Center for Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Zhong Bai
- Center for Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Center for Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Pei Ren
- Center for Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Mu
- Center for Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Center for Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing, China
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Zhang DD, Zhang CY, Zhang YX, Cui HP, Jiao Chen, Wen-Zhi Ma, Jia H. G-CSF reduces loss of dopaminergic neurons by inhibiting TNF-α and IL-1β in mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Int J Neurosci 2023; 133:278-289. [PMID: 33781148 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2021.1910259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a hematopoietic growth factor existing in neutrophils, glial cells and neurons. Increasing researches discovered that G-CSF improved cell survival in neurodegenerative diseases by its anti-inflammatory effect. However, the effect of G-CSF in suppressing inflammation in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unclear. Thus, the purpose of this study is to explored the anti-inflammatory effect of G-CSF in mouse model of PD. MATERIALS AND METHODS G-CSF was administrated in the PD model induced by MPTP. Subsequently, the protein of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1) and the inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in the midbrain were examined. In addition, the phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) including c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 MAPK in the midbrain were investigated. RESULTS Compared with the MPTP group, the protein of TH in the midbrain was increased, while the Iba-1 and the inflammatory factors were decreased. In addition, the expression of phosphorylated JNK (p-JNK) in the midbrain of the MPTP + G-CSF group was decreased, while the phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK) levels were elevated. CONCLUSIONS These findings emphasize that G-CSF inhibited the degradation of DA neurons. The protective effect is associated with the reduction of the inflammatory factors caused by the inhibition of the microglial activation. Moreover, G-CSF may decrease the inflammatory factors through the decrease of P-JNK and the increase of P-ERK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Department of physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Cheng-Yun Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Yu-Xin Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Hai-Peng Cui
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wen-Zhi Ma
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Center for Reproductive Biology and Health, School of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Hua Jia
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Center for Reproductive Biology and Health, School of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Guo S, Wehbe A, Syed S, Wills M, Guan L, Lv S, Li F, Geng X, Ding Y. Cerebral Glucose Metabolism and Potential Effects on Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Stroke. Aging Dis 2022; 14:450-467. [PMID: 37008060 PMCID: PMC10017147 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is an extremely common pathology with strikingly high morbidity and mortality rates. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the primary organelle responsible for conducting protein synthesis and trafficking as well as preserving intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Mounting evidence shows that ER stress contributes to stroke pathophysiology. Moreover, insufficient circulation to the brain after stroke causes suppression of ATP production. Glucose metabolism disorder is an important pathological process after stroke. Here, we discuss the relationship between ER stress and stroke and treatment and intervention of ER stress after stroke. We also discuss the role of glucose metabolism, particularly glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, post-stroke. Based on recent studies, we speculate about the potential relationship and crosstalk between glucose metabolism and ER stress. In conclusion, we describe ER stress, glycolysis, and gluconeogenesis in the context of stroke and explore how the interplay between ER stress and glucose metabolism contributes to the pathophysiology of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sichao Guo
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Alexandra Wehbe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, USA
| | - Shabber Syed
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Melissa Wills
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Longfei Guan
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Shuyu Lv
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Fengwu Li
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Xiaokun Geng
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Xiaokun Geng, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. E-mail: ; Dr. Yuchuan Ding, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA. E-mail:
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Xiaokun Geng, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. E-mail: ; Dr. Yuchuan Ding, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA. E-mail:
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Park IH, Shen GY, Song YS, Jong Cho Y, Kim BS, Lee Y, Lim YH, Shin JH, Kim KS. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor reduces the endoplasmic reticulum stress in a rat model of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Endocr J 2021; 68:1293-1301. [PMID: 34121048 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej21-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress contributes to the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, which leads to the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Previously, we reported that the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) reduces the cardiomyocyte apoptosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy; however, the precise mechanisms associated with this process are not yet fully understood. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether the mechanism of the anti-apoptotic effect of G-CSF was associated with ER stress in a rat model of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Diabetic cardiomyopathy was induced in rats using a high-fat diet combined with the administration of a low-dose of streptozotocin. Diabetic rats were treated with G-CSF or saline for 5 days. Cardiac function was evaluated using serial echocardiography before and 4 weeks after treatment. The rate of cardiomyocyte apoptosis and the expression levels of proteins related to ER stress, including glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), caspase-9, and caspase-12 were analyzed in the cardiac tissue. G-CSF treatment significantly reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the diabetic myocardium and downregulated the expression levels of these proteins in diabetic rats treated with low-dose streptozotocin when compared to that in rats treated with saline. In addition, G-CSF treatment significantly downregulated the expression levels of proteins related to ER stress, such as GRP78, inositol-requiring enzyme-1α (IRE-1α), and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) in H9c2 cells under high glucose (HG) conditions. Moreover, G-CSF treatment significantly improved the diastolic dysfunction in serial echocardiography assessments. In conclusion, the anti-apoptotic effect of G-CSF may be associated with the downregulation of ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Hwa Park
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Guang-Yin Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Jilin University, Jilin Central Hospital, Jilin, China
| | - Yi-Sun Song
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jong Cho
- Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Sik Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonggu Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hyo Lim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hun Shin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Soo Kim
- Department of Cardiology, St. Peter's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Mousavi Motlagh SS, Seyedhamzeh M, Ahangari Cohan R, Shafiee Ardestani M, Vaziri B, Azadmanesh K, Saberi S, Masoumi V. Novel G-CSF conjugated anionic globular dendrimer: Preparation and biological activity assessment. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00826. [PMID: 34269522 PMCID: PMC8283867 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The most crucial role of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in the body is to increase the strength of immune system. In recent years, research on the use of nanoparticles in pharmaceuticals has been considered, most of which have been for drug-loading purposes. In this study, a novel G-CSF conjugated dendrimer was synthesized and characterized using different techniques. In vitro cytotoxicity was assessed on A549 and L929 cells, while abnormal toxicity was studied in mice. In vitro and in vivo biological activities were assessed in NFS60 cells and rats, respectively. In addition, in vivo distribution, plasma half-life, and histopathological effect were studied in rat. The characterization tests confirmed the successful conjugation. There was no difference between G-CSF cytotoxicity before and after conjugation, and no difference with the control group. No mice showed abnormal toxicity. Although in vitro biological activity revealed both conjugated and free G-CSF promote proliferation cells, biological activity decreased significantly after conjugation about one-third of the unconjugated form. Nonetheless, in vivo biological activity of conjugated G-CSF increased by more than 2.5-fold relative to the unconjugated form, totally. Fortunately, no histopathologic adverse effect was observed in vital rat tissues. Also, in vivo distribution of the conjugate was similar to the native protein with an enhanced terminal half-life. Our data revealed that G-CSF conjugated dendrimer could be considered as a candidate to improve the in vivo biological activity of G-CSF. Moreover, multivalent capability of the dendrimer may be used for other new potentials of G-CSF in future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Reza Ahangari Cohan
- Department of NanobiotechnologyNew Technologies Research GroupPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | | | - Behrouz Vaziri
- Biotechnology Research CenterPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | | | - Sahar Saberi
- Department of Biotechnology, Food and Drug Control LaboratoriesNational Food and Drug OrganizationTehranIran
| | - Vahideh Masoumi
- Department of Biotechnology, Food and Drug Control LaboratoriesNational Food and Drug OrganizationTehranIran
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9
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Neuroprotection through G-CSF: recent advances and future viewpoints. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:372-385. [PMID: 33389706 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00201-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), a member of the cytokine family of hematopoietic growth factors, is 19.6 kDa glycoprotein which is responsible for the proliferation, maturation, differentiation, and survival of neutrophilic granulocyte lineage. Apart from its proven clinical application to treat chemotherapy-associated neutropenia, recent pre-clinical studies have highlighted the neuroprotective roles of G-CSF i.e., mobilization of haemopoietic stem cells, anti-apoptotic, neuronal differentiation, angiogenesis and anti-inflammatory in animal models of neurological disorders. G-CSF is expressed by numerous cell types including neuronal, immune and endothelial cells. G-CSF is released in autocrine manner and binds to its receptor G-CSF-R which further activates numerous signaling transduction pathways including PI3K/AKT, JAK/STAT and MAP kinase, and thereby promote neuronal survival, proliferation, differentiation, mobilization of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. The expression of G-CSF receptors (G-CSF-R) in the different brain regions and their upregulation in response to neuronal insult indicates the autocrine protective signaling mechanism of G-CSF by inhibition of apoptosis, inflammation, and stimulation of neurogenesis. These observed neuroprotective effects of G-CSF makes it an attractive target to mitigate neurodegeneration associated with neurological disorders. The objective of the review is to highlight and summarize recent updates on G-CSF as a therapeutically versatile neuroprotective agent along with mechanisms of action as well as possible clinical applications in neurodegenerative disorders including AD, PD and HD.
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10
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Mohamed DA, Mohamed NM, Abdelrahaman S. Histological and Biochemical Changes in Adult Male Rat Liver after Spinal Cord Injury with Evaluation of the Role of Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor. Ultrastruct Pathol 2020; 44:395-411. [PMID: 33280459 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2020.1844829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating disease leading to motor disability. Metabolic dysfunction is another complication of SCI. Thus, we aimed to study the effect of SCI on the histological and biochemical structure of the liver in adult male rats and to delineate the role of post-injury administration of G-CSF. Thirty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned into three groups: Group I; control (18 rats subdivided equally into three subgroups), and 12 rats underwent SCI and were divided into an SCI group II and G-SCF-treated group III. Twenty-one days post-injury, liver sections were processed for light and electron microscopic examinations and immunohistochemical staining for PCNA and CD68 antibodies. The biochemical assay was carried out for detection of serum levels of ALT, AST, total proteins, albumin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-c, GSH and MDA. Liver tissue levels of GPx and MDA as well as semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis of hepatic cytokine expression were also conducted. In the SCI group, results showed liver tissue damage in the form of lipid infiltration, blood vessel congestion, vacuolated cells with apoptotic nuclei and increased collagen deposition. Increased CD68-positive macrophages and a decreased number of PCNA-positive cells was detected. Moreover, liver enzymes, total cholesterol and triglycerides were increased while serum albumin, total proteins and HDL-c were decreased in the SCI group. Oxidative stress and increased expression of inflammatory cytokines were detected. Administration of G-CSF induced significant liver improvement with retained liver function by anti-inflammatory, immune-modulatory and antioxidant mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia A Mohamed
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University , Zagazig, Egypt.,Anatomy and Histology Department, College of Medicine, Qassim University , Elmulida, KSA
| | - Noura Mostafa Mohamed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University , Zagazig, Egypt.,Department of Science, Faculty of Preparatory Year of Health Sciences, PNU University , Riyadh, KSA
| | - Shaimaa Abdelrahaman
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University , Zagazig, Egypt
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11
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Menzie-Suderam JM, Modi J, Xu H, Bent A, Trujillo P, Medley K, Jimenez E, Shen J, Marshall M, Tao R, Prentice H, Wu JY. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor gene therapy as a novel therapeutics for stroke in a mouse model. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:99. [PMID: 33126859 PMCID: PMC7596942 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-00692-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Global ischemia is the resulting effect of a cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA). Presently there is no effective treatment to address neurological deficits in patients who survived a CPA. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor is a growth factor (G-CSF) with a plethora of beneficial effects, including neuroprotection. Clinical application of human G-CSF (hG-CSF) is limited due to its plasma half-life of 4 h. Therefore, novel approaches need to be investigated that would (1) enable prolonged manifestation of hG-CSF and (2) demonstrate G-CSF efficacy from studying the underlying protective mechanisms of hG-CSF. In our previous work, we used the self-complementary adeno-associated virus (stereotype2: scAAV2) as a vector to transfect the hG-CSF gene into the global ischemic brain of a mouse. As an extension of that work, we now seek to elucidate the protective mechanisms of hG-CSF gene therapy against endoplasmic reticulum induced stress, mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy in global ischemia. Method A single drop of either AAV-CMV-hG-CSF or AAV-CMV-GFP was dropped into the conjunctival sac of the Swiss Webster mouse’s left eye, 30–60 min after bilateral common artery occlusion (BCAO). The efficacy of the expressed hG-CSF gene product was analyzed by monitoring the expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER), mitochondrial dynamics and autophagic proteins over 4- and 7-days post-BCAO in vulnerable brain regions including the striatum, overlying cortex (frontal brain regions) and the hippocampus (middle brain regions). Statistical analysis was performed using mostly One-Way Analysis of variance (ANOVA), except for behavioral analysis, which used Repeated Measures Two-Way ANOVA, post hoc analysis was performed using the Tukey test. Results Several biomarkers that facilitated cellular death, including CHOP and GRP78 (ER stress) DRP1 (mitochondrial dynamics) and Beclin 1, p62 and LC3-ll (autophagy) were significantly downregulated by hG-CSF gene transfer. hG-CSF gene therapy also significantly upregulated antiapoptotic Bcl2 while downregulating pro-apoptotic Bax. The beneficial effects of hG-CSF gene therapy resulted in an overall improvement in functional behavior. Conclusion Taken together, this study has substantiated the approach of sustaining the protein expression of hG-CSF by eye drop administration of the hG-CSF gene. In addition, the study has validated the efficacy of using hG-CSF gene therapy against endoplasmic reticulum induced stress, mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy in global ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet M Menzie-Suderam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA.,Program in Integrative Biology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Jigar Modi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA.,Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Hongyaun Xu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Andrew Bent
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Paula Trujillo
- Program in Integrative Biology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Kristen Medley
- College of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Eugenia Jimenez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Jessica Shen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | | | - Rui Tao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA.
| | - Howard Prentice
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA. .,Program in Integrative Biology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA. .,Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
| | - Jang-Yen Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA. .,Program in Integrative Biology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA. .,Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
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12
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Tuo M, Xiao Y, Xu Y, Wang L, Wei X, Zhang L. Role of Granulocyte-colony Stimulating Factor in the Protection of Cerebral Vascular Endothelium, White Matter, and Cognition. Curr Neurovasc Res 2020; 16:425-432. [PMID: 31660819 DOI: 10.2174/1567202616666191029115113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) has protective effects on many neurological diseases. The effects of G-CSF on vascular endothelium and White Matter (WM) injury in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease (CSVD) were explored in this study via a model of spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) in order to elucidate the mechanism of G-CSF in Vascular Cognitive Impairment (VCI). METHODS 24-week-old male SHRs were randomly divided into the treatment group and model group, with the same age Wistar rats as the control group. The novel object recognition test (NORT) and Morris water maze were conducted after 7 days of G-CSF(50ug/kg) or normal saline treatment to examine their non-spatial and spatial cognitive functions. After that, a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and FLB staining were used to observe the vascular endothelial cell and WM damage. Furthermore, the expression of VEGF, MMP-9, Caspase-3, TUNEL and BrdULaminin in the cortical area was detected by immunostaining methods. RESULTS Our results showed that G-CSF promoted the expression of VEGF and BrdU+-Laminin+ endothelial cells, but down-regulated the level of MMP-9, thus significantly repaired the cerebral vascular endothelial cells and perivascular structure in SHR. The WM damage, the expression of caspase-3 and the apoptosis rate decreased after G-CSF treatment. Ultimately, G-CSF improved the non-spatial cognitive function in SHR rather than the spatial cognitive function. CONCLUSION Therefore, our findings indicated that G-CSF might facilitate the improvement of non-spatial cognitive function in CSVD by repairing endothelial cells and alleviating WM damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Tuo
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yunyue Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Neuropsychological Research Center, Wuhan University, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Lisha Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Neuropsychological Research Center, Wuhan University, Hubei, 430071, China
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Guan S, Liu Q, Gu H, Zhang YY, Wei PL, Qi YF, Liu J, Wang Z. Pluripotent anti-inflammatory immunomodulatory effects of papaverine against cerebral ischemic-reperfusion injury. J Pharmacol Sci 2020; 144:69-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Effect of the 3D Artificial Nichoid on the Morphology and Mechanobiological Response of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Cultured In Vitro. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081873. [PMID: 32796521 PMCID: PMC7464958 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell fate and behavior are affected by the bidirectional communication of cells and their local microenvironment (the stem cell niche), which includes biochemical cues, as well as physical and mechanical factors. Stem cells are normally cultured in conventional two-dimensional monolayer, with a mechanical environment very different from the physiological one. Here, we compare culture of rat mesenchymal stem cells on flat culture supports and in the "Nichoid", an innovative three-dimensional substrate micro-engineered to recapitulate the architecture of the physiological niche in vitro. Two versions of the culture substrates Nichoid (single-layered or "2D Nichoid" and multi-layered or "3D Nichoid") were fabricated via two-photon laser polymerization in a biocompatible hybrid organic-inorganic photoresist (SZ2080). Mesenchymal stem cells, isolated from rat bone marrow, were seeded on flat substrates and on 2D and 3D Nichoid substrates and maintained in culture up to 2 weeks. During cell culture, we evaluated cell morphology, proliferation, cell motility and the expression of a panel of 89 mesenchymal stem cells' specific genes, as well as intracellular structures organization. Our results show that mesenchymal stem cells adhered and grew in the 3D Nichoid with a comparable proliferation rate as compared to flat substrates. After seeding on flat substrates, cells displayed large and spread nucleus and cytoplasm, while cells cultured in the 3D Nichoid were spatially organized in three dimensions, with smaller and spherical nuclei. Gene expression analysis revealed the upregulation of genes related to stemness and to mesenchymal stem cells' features in Nichoid-cultured cells, as compared to flat substrates. The observed changes in cytoskeletal organization of cells cultured on 3D Nichoids were also responsible for a different localization of the mechanotransducer transcription factor YAP, with an increase of the cytoplasmic retention in cells cultured in the 3D Nichoid. This difference could be explained by alterations in the import of transcription factors inside the nucleus due to the observed decrease of mean nuclear pore diameter, by transmission electron microscopy. Our data show that 3D distribution of cell volume has a profound effect on mesenchymal stem cells structure and on their mechanobiological response, and highlight the potential use of the 3D Nichoid substrate to strengthen the potential effects of MSC in vitro and in vivo.
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Dumbuya JS, Chen L, Shu SY, Ma L, Luo W, Li F, Wu JY, Wang B. G-CSF attenuates neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis via the mTOR/p70SK6 signaling pathway in neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia rat model. Brain Res 2020; 1739:146817. [PMID: 32246916 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is an important cause of permanent damage to the central nervous system, associated with long-lasting neurological disabilities and neurodevelopmental impairment in neonates. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been shown to have neuroprotective activity in a variety of experimental brain injury models and G-CSF is a standard treatment in chemotherapeutic-induced neutropenia. The underlying mechanisms are still unclear. The mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling pathway is a master regulator of cell growth and proliferation in the nervous system. However, the effects of G-CSF treatment on the mTOR signaling pathway have not been elucidated in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury. Our study investigated the neuroprotective effect of G-CSF on neonates with hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury and the possible mechanism involving the mTOR/p70S6K pathway. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rat pups at postnatal day 7 (P7) were subjected to right unilateral carotid artery ligation followed by hypoxic (8% oxygen and balanced nitrogen) exposure for 2.5 h or sham surgery. Pups received normal saline, G-CSF, G-CSF combined with rapamycin or ethanol (vehicle for rapamycin) intraperitoneally. On postnatal day 9 (P9), TTC staining for infarct volume, and Nissl and TUNEL staining for neuronal cell injury were conducted. Activation of mTOR/p70S6K pathway, cleaved caspase-3 (CC3), Bax and Bcl-2 and cytokine expression levels were determined by western blotting. RESULTS The G-CSF treated group was associated with significantly reduced infarction volume and decreased TUNEL positive neuronal cells compared to the HI group treated with saline. The expression levels of TNF-α and IL-1ß were significantly decreased in the G-CSF treated group, while IL-10 expression level was increased. The relative immunoreactivity of p-mTOR and p-p70S6K was significantly reduced in the HI group compared to sham. The HI group treated with G-CSF showed significant upregulated protein expression for p-mTOR and p-p70S6K levels compared to the HI group treated with saline. Furthermore, G-CSF treatment increased Bcl-2 expression levels and decreased CC3 and Bax expression levels in the ipsilateral hemispheres of the HI brain. The effects induced by G-CSF were all reversed by rapamycin. CONCLUSION Treatment with G-CSF decreases inflammatory mediators and apoptotic factors, attenuating neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis via the mTOR/p70S6K signalling pathway, which represents a potential target for treating HI induced brain damage in neonatal HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Sieh Dumbuya
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282 PR China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282 PR China
| | - Si Yun Shu
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282 PR China
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Radiotherapy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853 PR China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282 PR China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282 PR China
| | - Jang-Yen Wu
- Department of Biochemical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States.
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282 PR China.
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Modi J, Menzie-Suderam J, Xu H, Trujillo P, Medley K, Marshall ML, Tao R, Prentice H, Wu JY. Mode of action of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) as a novel therapy for stroke in a mouse model. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:19. [PMID: 31907023 PMCID: PMC6943893 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0597-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The FDA approved drug granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) displays anti-apoptotic and immunomodulatory properties with neurogenesis and angiogenic functions. It is known to demonstrate neuroprotective mechanisms against ischemic global stroke. Autophagy is a method for the degradation of intracellular components and in particular, unrestrained autophagy may lead to uncontrolled digestion of affected neurons as well as neuronal death in cerebral ischemia. Mitochondrial dynamics is vital for the regulation of cell survival and death after cerebral ischemia and an early upstream event in neuronal death is mitochondrial fission. We examined the pro-survival mechanisms of G-CSF against apoptosis resulting from autophagy, mitochondrial stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. METHODS Male Swiss Webster mice (20 weeks of age) were subjected to bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCAO) for 30 min. After occlusion, mice were injected with G-CSF (50 μg/kg) subcutaneously for 4 days. Behavioral analysis was carried out using the corner test and locomotor activity test before animals were sacrificed on day 4 or day 7. Key proteins in ER stress, autophagy and mitochondrial stress induced apoptosis were analyzed by immunoblotting. RESULTS G-CSF improved neurological deficits and improved behavioral performance on corner and locomotor test. G-CSF binds to G-CSF receptors and its activation leads to upregulation of Akt phosphorylation (P-Akt) which in turn decreases levels of the ER stress sensor, GRP 78 and expression of proteins involved in ER stress apoptosis pathway; ATF6, ATF4, eIF2α, XBP1, Caspase 12 and CHOP. G-CSF treatment significantly decreased Beclin-1, an autophagy marker, and decreased mitochondrial stress biomarkers DRP1 and P53. G-CSF also up-regulated the mitochondrial fusion protein, OPA1 and anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 while down-regulating the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax, Bak and PUMA. CONCLUSIONS G-CSF is an endogenous ligand in the CNS that has a dual activity that is beneficial both in reducing acute neuronal degeneration and adding to long-term plasticity after cerebral ischemia. G-CSF treatment exerts neuroprotective effects on damaged neurons through the suppression of the ER stress and mitochondrial stress and maintains cellular homeostasis by decreasing pro-apoptotic proteins and increasing of anti-apoptotic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigar Modi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
- Center of Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Janet Menzie-Suderam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
- Program in Integrative Biology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Hongyuan Xu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Paola Trujillo
- Program in Integrative Biology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Kristen Medley
- Program in Integrative Biology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | | | - Rui Tao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
- Program in Integrative Biology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Howard Prentice
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA.
- Center of Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
- Program in Integrative Biology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA.
| | - Jang-Yen Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA.
- Center of Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
- Program in Integrative Biology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA.
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17
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Feng Z, Sun Q, Chen W, Bai Y, Hu D, Xie X. The neuroprotective mechanisms of ginkgolides and bilobalide in cerebral ischemic injury: a literature review. Mol Med 2019; 25:57. [PMID: 31864312 PMCID: PMC6925848 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-019-0125-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of strokes have increased over the past three decades in China. Ischemic strokes can cause a sequence of detrimental events in patients, including increased permeability and dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier, brain edema, metabolic disturbance, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, oxidative stress, inflammation, neuron death and apoptosis, and cognitive impairment. Thrombolysis using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) and mechanical embolectomy with a retrievable stent are two recognized strategies to achieve reperfusion after a stroke. Nevertheless, rtPA has a narrow therapeutic timeframe, and mechanical embolectomy has limited rates of good neurological outcomes. EGb761 is a standardized and extensively studied extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves. The ginkgolides and bilobalide that constitute a critical part of EGb761 have demonstrated protective properties towards cerebral injury. Ginkgolides include Ginkgolide A (GA), Ginkgolide B (GB), Ginkgolide C (GC), Ginkgolide J (GJ), Ginkgolide K (GK), Ginkgolide L (GL), and Ginkgolide M (GM). This review seeks to elucidate the neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of ginkgolides, especially GA and GB, and bilobalide in cerebral injury following ischemic strokes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Feng
- School of Bioscience and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, No.1 Donghuan 1st Road, Hanzhong, 732001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qian Sun
- School of Bioscience and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, No.1 Donghuan 1st Road, Hanzhong, 732001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Chen
- School of Bioscience and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, No.1 Donghuan 1st Road, Hanzhong, 732001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Bai
- School of Bioscience and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, No.1 Donghuan 1st Road, Hanzhong, 732001, People's Republic of China
| | - Daihua Hu
- School of Bioscience and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, No.1 Donghuan 1st Road, Hanzhong, 732001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China
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18
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Peng T, Liu X, Wang J, Liu Y, Fu Z, Ma X, Li J, Sun G, Ji Y, Lu J, Wan W, Lu H. Fluoxetine-mediated inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress is involved in the neuroprotective effects of Parkinson's disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:4188-4196. [PMID: 30585175 PMCID: PMC6326670 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Accumulating evidence suggests that Fluoxetine (FLX), an anti-depressant drug, has broad neurobiological functions and neuroprotective effects in central nervous system injury, but its roles in Parkinson's disease (PD) remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether fluoxetine attenuates rotenone-induced neurodegeneration in PD. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to control, rotenone-treated, rotenone + FLX-treated and FLX-treated groups. Behavioral tests including open field behavioral test and catalepsy measurement were taken to evaluate neurological behavioral measurements. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-related gene expressions were detected by qRT-PCR and western blot. Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess dopaminergic neuronal degeneration. Results: We demonstrated that pretreatment with FLX (10.0 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly ameliorated the catalepsy symptom and increased locomotor activity. In addition, FLX markedly reversed the loss of dopaminergic neurons and suppressed the X‑box‑binding protein 1 (XBP1)/caspase-3-activated ER stress. Furthermore, FLX inhibited rotenone-mediated neurodegeneration through caspase-3-mediated neuronal apoptosis. Conclusion: Taken together, our findings indicate that FLX has beneficial neuroprotective effects in PD and FLX might be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of PD. In light of its favorable properties, FLX should be evaluated in the treatment of PD as well as related neurologic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Peng
- Key-Disciplines Laboratory Clinical Medicine Henan, Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Key-Disciplines Laboratory Clinical Medicine Henan, Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Jingtao Wang
- Key-Disciplines Laboratory Clinical Medicine Henan, Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Key-Disciplines Laboratory Clinical Medicine Henan, Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhenqiang Fu
- Key-Disciplines Laboratory Clinical Medicine Henan, Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Xingrong Ma
- Key-Disciplines Laboratory Clinical Medicine Henan, Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Junmin Li
- Key-Disciplines Laboratory Clinical Medicine Henan, Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Guifang Sun
- Key-Disciplines Laboratory Clinical Medicine Henan, Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Yangfei Ji
- Key-Disciplines Laboratory Clinical Medicine Henan, Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Jingjing Lu
- Key-Disciplines Laboratory Clinical Medicine Henan, Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Wencui Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Hong Lu
- Key-Disciplines Laboratory Clinical Medicine Henan, Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
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Rescue from Stx2-Producing E. coli-Associated Encephalopathy by Intravenous Injection of Muse Cells in NOD-SCID Mice. Mol Ther 2019; 28:100-118. [PMID: 31607541 PMCID: PMC6953779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) causes hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome, and acute encephalopathies that may lead to sudden death or severe neurologic sequelae. Current treatments, including immunoglobulin G (IgG) immunoadsorption, plasma exchange, steroid pulse therapy, and the monoclonal antibody eculizumab, have limited effects against the severe neurologic sequelae. Multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells are endogenous reparative non-tumorigenic stem cells that naturally reside in the body and are currently under clinical trials for regenerative medicine. When administered intravenously, Musecells accumulate to the damaged tissue, where they exert anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-fibrotic, and immunomodulatory effects, and replace damaged cells by differentiating into tissue-constituent cells. Here, severely immunocompromised non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD-SCID) mice orally inoculated with 9 × 109 colony-forming units of STEC O111 and treated 48 h later with intravenous injection of 5 × 104 Muse cells exhibited 100% survival and no severe after-effects of infection. Suppression of granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) by RNAi abolished the beneficial effects of Muse cells, leading to a 40% death and significant body weight loss, suggesting the involvement of G-CSF in the beneficial effects of Muse cells in STEC-infected mice. Thus, intravenous administration of Muse cells could be a candidate therapeutic approach for preventing fatal encephalopathy after STEC infection.
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Shao A, Zhou Y, Yao Y, Zhang W, Zhang J, Deng Y. The role and therapeutic potential of heat shock proteins in haemorrhagic stroke. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:5846-5858. [PMID: 31273911 PMCID: PMC6714234 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are induced after haemorrhagic stroke, which includes subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) and intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). Most of these proteins function as neuroprotective molecules to protect cerebral neurons from haemorrhagic stroke and as markers to indicate cellular stress or damage. The most widely studied HSPs in SAH are HSP70, haeme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), HSP20 and HSP27. The subsequent pathophysiological changes following SAH can be divided into two stages: early brain injury and delayed cerebral ischaemia, both of which determine the outcome for patients. Because the mechanisms of HSPs in SAH are being revealed and experimental models in animals are continually maturing, new agents targeting HSPs with limited side effects have been suggested to provide therapeutic potential. For instance, some pharmaceutical agents can block neuronal apoptosis signals or dilate cerebral vessels by modulating HSPs. HO-1 and HSP70 are also critical topics for ICH research, which can be attributed to their involvement in pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic potential. However, the process of HO-1 metabolism can be toxic owing to iron overload and the activation of succedent pathways, for example, the Fenton reaction and oxidative damage; the overall effect of HO-1 in SAH and ICH tends to be protective and harmful, respectively, given the different pathophysiological changes in these two types of haemorrhagic stroke. In the present study, we focus on the current understanding of the role and therapeutic potential of HSPs involved in haemorrhagic stroke. Therefore, HSPs may be potential therapeutic targets, and new agents targeting HSPs are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunxiang Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yihan Yao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongchuan Deng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Xu W, Lu X, Zheng J, Li T, Gao L, Lenahan C, Shao A, Zhang J, Yu J. Melatonin Protects Against Neuronal Apoptosis via Suppression of the ATF6/CHOP Pathway in a Rat Model of Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:638. [PMID: 30283292 PMCID: PMC6156428 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal apoptosis is an important factor accounting for the poor outcomes of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). This study first showed that inhibition of activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) could alleviate secondary brain injury through anti-apoptosis after ICH in rats. Melatonin, ATF6 and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) siRNAs were applied in this study. Brain edema, neurological functions, blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity were evaluated at 24 h after ICH. Western blot analysis was used to evaluate the protein level of target proteins (ATF6, CHOP, Bip, Bcl-2, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to assess the mRNA level of ATF6, CHOP and cleaved caspase-3. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and caspase-3 immunofluorescence staining were applied to evaluate the neuronal cell death. The results suggested that the levels of ATF6 and its downstream protein, CHOP, were upregulated and reached the peak at 24 h after ICH. ATF6 was highly expressed in neurons. The administration of melatonin significantly decreased the mRNA and protein levels of ATF6, and its downstream targets, CHOP and cleaved caspase-3, but increased the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, which ameliorated the neurological functions. The CHOP siRNA significantly reversed the pro-apoptotic effect induced by the increased ATF6 level after ICH. Melatonin could protect against neuronal apoptosis via suppression of ATF6/CHOP arm of ER-stress-response pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyang Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingwei Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liansheng Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cameron Lenahan
- Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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22
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Cho KH, Kim M. Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Growth Factor Therapy for Cerebral Palsy. J Korean Med Sci 2018; 33:e176. [PMID: 29780298 PMCID: PMC5955740 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2018.33.e176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kye Hee Cho
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - MinYoung Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
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