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Li G, Li H, Weng N, Liu C, Li X, Li Q, Bin L, Zhu K, Huang D, Liu J, Liu Y, Wang X. Preclinical monitoring of radiation-induced brain injury via GluCEST MRI and resting-state fMRI at 7 T: an exploratory study on MRI-guided OAR avoidance. Strahlenther Onkol 2024:10.1007/s00066-024-02292-w. [PMID: 39259349 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-024-02292-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the value of glutamate chemical exchange saturation transfer (GluCEST) after whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) as an imaging marker of radiation-induced brain injury (RBI) and to preliminarily show the feasibility of multiparametric MRI-guided organ at risk (OAR) avoidance. METHODS Rats were divided into two groups: the control (CTRL) group (n = 9) and the RBI group (n = 9). The rats in the RBI group were irradiated with an X‑ray radiator and then subjected to a water maze experiment 4 weeks later. In combination with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), we evaluated the value of GluCEST applied to glutamate changes for RBI and investigated the effect of such changes on glutamatergic neuronal function. RESULTS The average GluCEST values were markedly lower in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Positive correlations were observed between GluCEST values and regional homogeneity (ReHo) values in both the hippocampus and the cerebral cortex. HPLC showed a positive correlation with GluCEST values in the hippocampus. GluCEST values were positively correlated with spatial memory. CONCLUSION GluCEST MRI provides a visual assessment of glutamate changes in RBI rats for monitoring OAR cognitive toxicity reactions and may be used as a biomarker of OAR avoidance as well as metabolism to facilitate monitoring and intervention in radiation damage that occurs after radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Na Weng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Caiyun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Xianglin Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Qinglong Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Li Bin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Danqi Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Shandong, China.
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Shandong, China.
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Denbeigh JM, Howard ME, Garcia DA, Debrot EK, Cole KC, Remmes NB, Beltran CJ. Characterizing Proton-Induced Biological Effects in a Mouse Spinal Cord Model: A Comparison of Bragg Peak and Entrance Beam Response in Single and Fractionated Exposures. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024; 119:924-935. [PMID: 38310485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Proton relative biological effectiveness (RBE) is a dynamic variable influenced by factors like linear energy transfer (LET), dose, tissue type, and biological endpoint. The standard fixed proton RBE of 1.1, currently used in clinical planning, may not accurately represent the true biological effects of proton therapy (PT) in all cases. This uncertainty can contribute to radiation-induced normal tissue toxicity in patients. In late-responding tissues such as the spinal cord, toxicity can cause devastating complications. This study investigated spinal cord tolerance in mice subjected to proton irradiation and characterized the influence of fractionation on proton- induced myelopathy at entrance (ENT) and Bragg peak (BP) positions. METHODS AND MATERIALS Cervical spinal cords of 8-week-old C57BL/6J female mice were irradiated with single- or multi-fractions (18x) using lateral opposed radiation fields at 1 of 2 positions along the Bragg curve: ENT (dose-mean LET = 1.2 keV/μm) and BP (LET = 6.9 keV/μm). Mice were monitored over 1 year for changes in weight, mobility, and general health, with radiation-induced myelopathy as the primary biological endpoint. Calculations of the RBE of the ENT and BP curve (RBEENT/BP) were performed. RESULTS Single-fraction RBEENT/BP for 50% effect probability (tolerance dose (TD50), grade II paresis, determined using log-logistic model fitting) was 1.10 ± 0.06 (95% CI) and for multifraction treatments it was 1.19 ± 0.05 (95% CI). Higher incidence and faster onset of paralysis were seen in mice treated at the BP compared with ENT. CONCLUSIONS The findings challenge the universally fixed RBE value in PT, indicating up to a 25% mouse spinal cord RBEENT/BP variation for multifraction treatments. These results highlight the importance of considering fractionation in determining RBE for PT. Robust characterization of proton-induced toxicity, aided by in vivo models, is paramount for refining clinical decision-making and mitigating potential patient side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet M Denbeigh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida.
| | - Michelle E Howard
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Darwin A Garcia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Emily K Debrot
- St George Cancer Care Centre, Kogarah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kristin C Cole
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Chris J Beltran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
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Bálentová S, Hnilicová P, Kalenská D, Baranovičová E, Muríň P, Hajtmanová E. Radiation-induced bystander effect on the brain after fractionated spinal cord irradiation of aging rats. Neurochem Int 2024; 176:105726. [PMID: 38556052 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
We investigated the influence of the so-called bystander effect on metabolic and histopathological changes in the rat brain after fractionated spinal cord irradiation. The study was initiated with adult Wistar male rats (n = 20) at the age of 9 months. The group designated to irradiation (n = 10) and the age-matched control animals (n = 10) were subjected to an initial measurement using in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). After allowing the animals to survive until 12 months, they received fractionated spinal cord irradiation with a total dose of 24 Gy administered in 3 fractions (8 Gy per fraction) once a week on the same day for 3 consecutive weeks. 1H MRS and MRI of brain metabolites were performed in the hippocampus, corpus striatum, and olfactory bulb (OB) before irradiation (9-month-old rats) and subsequently 48 h (12-month-old) and 2 months (14-month-old) after the completion of irradiation. After the animals were sacrificed at the age of 14 months, brain tissue changes were investigated in two neurogenic regions: the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) and the rostral migratory stream (RMS). By comparing the group of 9-month-old rats and individuals measured 48 h (at the age of 12 months) after irradiation, we found a significant decrease in the ratio of total N-acetyl aspartate to total creatine (tNAA/tCr) and gamma-aminobutyric acid to tCr (GABA/tCr) in OB and hippocampus. A significant increase in myoinositol to tCr (mIns/tCr) in the OB persisted up to 14 months of age. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR)-based plasma metabolomics showed a significant increase in keto acids and decreased tyrosine and tricarboxylic cycle enzymes. Morphometric analysis of neurogenic regions of 14-month-old rats showed well-preserved stem cells, neuroblasts, and increased neurodegeneration. The radiation-induced bystander effect more significantly affected metabolite concentration than the distribution of selected cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soňa Bálentová
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4, 036 01, Martin, Slovak Republic.
| | - Petra Hnilicová
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4D, 036 01, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Dagmar Kalenská
- Department of Anatomy, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4, 036 01, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Eva Baranovičová
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4D, 036 01, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Muríň
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Martin University Hospital, Kollárova 2, 036 59, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Eva Hajtmanová
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Martin University Hospital, Kollárova 2, 036 59, Martin, Slovak Republic
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Xu K, Liu Z, Pan S, Zhang N, Wu S, Yang G, Song X, Teng Y, Tong X. BMSCs attenuate radiation-induced brain injury induced hippocampal neuronal apoptosis through a PI3K/Akt/Bax/Bcl-2 signaling pathway. Brain Res 2024; 1829:148795. [PMID: 38331376 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSCs) -based therapies represent a promising treatment for neurological disorders. However, therapeutic effects and mechanisms of BMSCs transplantation for radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI) have not been fully disclosed. In this article, we explored the functions of BMSCs transplantation on RIBI and investigated the protective effects of BMSCS on hippocampal neurons in RIBI as well as the related molecular mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS 6-8 weeks-old rats were used to build a RIBI model. Rats in BMSC group were treated with a 3 × 106 BMSCs injection through the tail vein on the 1st day and 8th day after irradiation; rats in both control and RIBI groups were injected with an equivalent volume of physiological saline for comparisons. The Morris water maze was applied to detect the variations in cognitive function after RIBI. MRS was performed to test changes in NAA/Cr, indicating neuronal apoptosis after RIBI. TUNEL was conducted to detect apoptosis of rat hippocampal neurons, and HE staining was carried out to show pathological variations in the hippocampal region of rats. Protein levels of PI3K, P-PI3K, AKT, P-AKT, Bcl-2, and Bax proteins of rats in the hippocampal area were all determined by Western blot. RESULTS Cognitive function was reduced and hippocampal neurons underwent apoptosis in the rats of the RIBI group, and cognitive abilities, histopathological alterations, and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons were significantly improved after BMSCs treatment; the expression of PI3K, P-PI3K, AKT, P-AKT, and Bcl-2 proteins, in the hippocampal region of the rat, was up-regulated, and Bax proteins were down-regulated. CONCLUSIONS BMCSs can inhibit hippocampal neuronal apoptosis in RIBI, and the mechanism may be associated with the up-regulation of Bcl-2 and down-regulation of Bax by the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaina Xu
- College of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, No.333 Bukui Street, Jianhua District, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China
| | - Zhanhong Liu
- College of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, No.333 Bukui Street, Jianhua District, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China
| | - Shichao Pan
- College of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, No.333 Bukui Street, Jianhua District, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China
| | - Na Zhang
- College of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, No.333 Bukui Street, Jianhua District, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, No.27, Taishun Street, Tiefeng District, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China
| | - Guangrun Yang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, No.27, Taishun Street, Tiefeng District, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China
| | - Xue Song
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, No.27, Taishun Street, Tiefeng District, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China
| | - Ye Teng
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, No.27, Taishun Street, Tiefeng District, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China
| | - Xu Tong
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, No.27, Taishun Street, Tiefeng District, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China.
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Perez WD, Perez-Torres CJ. Neurocognitive and radiological changes after cranial radiation therapy in humans and rodents: a systematic review. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:119-137. [PMID: 35511499 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2074167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation-induced brain injury is a common long-term side effect for brain cancer survivors, leading to a reduced quality of life. Although there is growing research pertaining to this topic, the relationship between cognitive and radiologically detected lesions of radiation-induced brain injury in humans remains unclear. Furthermore, clinically translatable similarities between rodent models and human findings are also undefined. The objective of this review is to then identify the current evidence of radiation-induced brain injury in humans and to compare these findings to current rodent models of radiation-induced brain injury. METHODS This review includes an examination of the current literature on cognitive and radiological characteristics of radiation-induced brain injury in humans and rodents. A thorough search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus to identify studies that performed cognitive assessments and magnetic resonance imaging techniques on either humans or rodents after cranial radiation therapy. A qualitative synthesis of the data is herein reported. RESULTS A total of 153 studies pertaining to cognitively or radiologically detected radiation injury of the brain are included in this systematic review; 106 studies provided data on humans while 47 studies provided data on rodents. Cognitive deficits in humans manifest across multiple domains after brain irradiation. Radiological evidence in humans highlight various neuroimaging-detectable changes post-irradiation. It is unclear, however, whether these findings reflect ground truth or research interests. Additionally, rodent models do not comprehensively reproduce characteristics of cognitive and radiological injury currently identified in humans. CONCLUSION This systematic review demonstrates that associations between and within cognitive and radiological radiation-induced brain injuries often rely on the type of assessment. Well-designed studies that evaluate the spectrum of potential injury are required for a precise understanding of not only the clinical significance of radiation-induced brain injury in humans, but also how to replicate injury development in pre-clinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney D Perez
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Carlos J Perez-Torres
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Academy of Integrated Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.,School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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6
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Anatomic and metabolic alterations in the rodent frontal cortex caused by clinically relevant fractionated whole-brain irradiation. Neurochem Int 2022; 154:105293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ren BX, Huen I, Wu ZJ, Wang H, Duan MY, Guenther I, Bhanu Prakash KN, Tang FR. Early postnatal irradiation-induced age-dependent changes in adult mouse brain: MRI based characterization. BMC Neurosci 2021; 22:28. [PMID: 33882822 PMCID: PMC8061041 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-021-00635-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Brain radiation exposure, in particular, radiotherapy, can induce cognitive impairment in patients, with significant effects persisting for the rest of their life. However, the main mechanisms leading to this adverse event remain largely unknown. A study of radiation-induced injury to multiple brain regions, focused on the hippocampus, may shed light on neuroanatomic bases of neurocognitive impairments in patients. Hence, we irradiated BALB/c mice (male and female) at postnatal day 3 (P3), day 10 (P10), and day 21 (P21) and investigated the long-term radiation effect on brain MRI changes and hippocampal neurogenesis. Results We found characteristic brain volume reductions in the hippocampus, olfactory bulbs, the cerebellar hemisphere, cerebellar white matter (WM) and cerebellar vermis WM, cingulate, occipital and frontal cortices, cerebellar flocculonodular WM, parietal region, endopiriform claustrum, and entorhinal cortex after irradiation with 5 Gy at P3. Irradiation at P10 induced significant volume reduction in the cerebellum, parietal region, cingulate region, and olfactory bulbs, whereas the reduction of the volume in the entorhinal, parietal, insular, and frontal cortices was demonstrated after irradiation at P21. Immunohistochemical study with cell division marker Ki67 and immature marker doublecortin (DCX) indicated the reduced cell division and genesis of new neurons in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus after irradiation at all three postnatal days, but the reduction of total granule cells in the stratum granulosun was found after irradiation at P3 and P10. Conclusions The early life radiation exposure during different developmental stages induces varied brain pathophysiological changes which may be related to the development of neurological and neuropsychological disorders later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xu Ren
- Department of Medical Imaging, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
| | - Isaac Huen
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Zi Jun Wu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Radiation Physiology Laboratory, Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of Singapore, CREATE Tower, 1 CREATE Way #04-01, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
| | - Meng Yun Duan
- Department of Medical Imaging, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
| | - Ilonka Guenther
- Comparative Medicine, Centre for Life Sciences (CeLS), National University of Singapore, #05-02, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - K N Bhanu Prakash
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138667, Singapore.
| | - Feng Ru Tang
- Radiation Physiology Laboratory, Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of Singapore, CREATE Tower, 1 CREATE Way #04-01, Singapore, 138602, Singapore.
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Witzmann K, Raschke F, Troost EGC. MR Image Changes of Normal-Appearing Brain Tissue after Radiotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071573. [PMID: 33805542 PMCID: PMC8037886 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Radiotherapy is one of the most important treatment options against cancer. Irradiation of cancerous tissue either directly destroys the cancer cells or damages them such that they cannot reproduce. One side-effect of radiotherapy is that tumor-surrounding normal tissue is inevitably also irradiated, albeit at a lower dose. The resulting long-term damage can significantly affect cognitive performance and quality of life. Many studies investigated the effect of irradiation on normal-appearing brain tissues and some of these correlated imaging findings with functional outcome. This article provides an overview of the examination of radiation-induced injuries using conventional and enhanced MRI methods and summarizes conclusions about the underlying tissue changes. Radiation-induced morphologic, microstructural, vascular, and metabolic tissue changes have been observed, in which the effect of irradiation was evident in terms of decreased perfusion and neuronal health as well as increased diffusion and atrophy. Abstract Radiotherapy is part of the standard treatment of most primary brain tumors. Large clinical target volumes and physical characteristics of photon beams inevitably lead to irradiation of surrounding normal brain tissue. This can cause radiation-induced brain injury. In particular, late brain injury, such as cognitive dysfunction, is often irreversible and progressive over time, resulting in a significant reduction in quality of life. Since 50% of patients have survival times greater than six months, radiation-induced side effects become more relevant and need to be balanced against radiation treatment given with curative intent. To develop adequate treatment and prevention strategies, the underlying cause of radiation-induced side-effects needs to be understood. This paper provides an overview of radiation-induced changes observed in normal-appearing brains measured with conventional and advanced MRI techniques and summarizes the current findings and conclusions. Brain atrophy was observed with anatomical MRI. Changes in tissue microstructure were seen on diffusion imaging. Vascular changes were examined with perfusion-weighted imaging and susceptibility-weighted imaging. MR spectroscopy revealed decreasing N-acetyl aspartate, indicating decreased neuronal health or neuronal loss. Based on these findings, multicenter prospective studies incorporating advanced MR techniques as well as neurocognitive function tests should be designed in order to gain more evidence on radiation-induced sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Witzmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology—OncoRay, Dresden, Germany; (K.W.); (F.R.)
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Felix Raschke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology—OncoRay, Dresden, Germany; (K.W.); (F.R.)
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Esther G. C. Troost
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology—OncoRay, Dresden, Germany; (K.W.); (F.R.)
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden of the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- Correspondence:
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9
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Bálentová S, Hnilicová P, Kalenská D, Baranovičová E, Muríň P, Hajtmanová E, Adamkov M. Effect of fractionated whole-brain irradiation on brain and plasma in a rat model: Metabolic, volumetric and histopathological changes. Neurochem Int 2021; 145:104985. [PMID: 33582163 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.104985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the correlation between histopathological, metabolic, and volumetric changes in the brain and plasma under experimental conditions. Adult male Wistar rats received fractionated whole-brain irradiation (fWBI) with a total dose of 32 Gy delivered in 4 fractions (dose 8 Gy per fraction) once a week on the same day for 4 consecutive weeks. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) and imaging were used to detect metabolic and volumetric changes in the brain and plasma. Histopathological changes in the brain were determined by image analysis of immunofluorescent stained sections. Metabolic changes in the brain measured by 1H MRS before, 48 h, and 9 weeks after the end of fWBI showed a significant decrease in the ratio of total N-acetylaspartate to total creatine (tNAA/tCr) in the corpus striatum. We found a significant decrease in glutamine + glutamate/tCr (Glx/tCr) and, conversely, an increase in gamma-aminobutyric acid to tCr (GABA/tCr) in olfactory bulb (OB). The ratio of astrocyte marker myoinositol/tCr (mIns/tCr) significantly increased in almost all evaluated areas. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based brain volumetry showed a significant increase in volume, and a concomitant increase in the T2 relaxation time of the hippocampus. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) plasma metabolomics displayed a significant decrease in the level of glucose and glycolytic intermediates and an increase in ketone bodies. The histomorphological analysis showed a decrease to elimination of neuroblasts, increased astrocyte proliferation, and a mild microglia response. The results of the study clearly reflect early subacute changes 9-11 weeks after fWBI with strong manifestations of brain edema, astrogliosis, and ongoing ketosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soňa Bálentová
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4, 036 01, Martin, Slovak Republic.
| | - Petra Hnilicová
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4D, 036 01, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Dagmar Kalenská
- Department of Anatomy, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4, 036 01, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Eva Baranovičová
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4D, 036 01, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Muríň
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Martin University Hospital, Kollárova 2, 036 59, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Eva Hajtmanová
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Martin University Hospital, Kollárova 2, 036 59, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Marian Adamkov
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4, 036 01, Martin, Slovak Republic
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10
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Bálentová S, Adamkov M. Pathological changes in the central nervous system following exposure to ionizing radiation. Physiol Res 2020; 69:389-404. [PMID: 32469226 PMCID: PMC8648310 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental studies in animals provide relevant knowledge about pathogenesis of radiation-induced injury to the central nervous system. Radiation-induced injury can alter neuronal, glial cell population, brain vasculature and may lead to molecular, cellular and functional consequences. Regarding to its fundamental role in the formation of new memories, spatial navigation and adult neurogenesis, the majority of studies have focused on the hippocampus. Most recent findings in cranial radiotherapy revealed that hippocampal avoidance prevents radiation-induced cognitive impairment of patients with brain primary tumors and metastases. However, numerous preclinical studies have shown that this problem is more complex. Regarding the fact, that the radiation-induced cognitive impairment reflects hippocampal and non-hippocampal compartments, it is highly important to investigate molecular, cellular and functional changes in different brain regions and their integration at clinically relevant doses and schedules. Here, we provide a literature review in order support the translation of preclinical findings to clinical practice and improve the physical and mental status of patients with brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bálentová
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic.
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Poletaeva II, Perepelkina OV, Nikolaev GM, Fedotova IB, Pleskacheva MG, Koshlan IV, Bogdanova YV, Koshlan NA, Pavlova GV, Revishchin AV. The Influence of Ionizing Radiation on Proneness to Audiogenic Seizure and Behavior in Krushinsky–Molodkina Rats. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350920040168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Yang J, Gao J, Han D, Li Q, Liao C, Li J, Wang R, Luo Y. Hippocampal changes in inflammasomes, apoptosis, and MEMRI after radiation-induced brain injury in juvenile rats. Radiat Oncol 2020; 15:78. [PMID: 32276638 PMCID: PMC7147014 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-020-01525-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to characterize changes in hippocampal inflammasomes, pyroptosis and apoptosis in juvenile rats after brain irradiation and to assess whether manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) reflected those changes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats received a whole-brain radiation dose of 15 Gy or 25 Gy. Hippocampal inflammasomes and apoptosis were measured using Western blot analysis at 4 days and 8 weeks after irradiation. MEMRI and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) were performed at the same time points. RESULTS Neither the 15 Gy nor 25 Gy group showed changes in the expression of inflammasome proteins absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), gasdermin-D (GSDMD), nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 1 (NLRP1) and NLRP3 at 4 days or 8 weeks after radiation injury (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the expression levels of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 were not significantly different among the groups (P > 0.05). The expression levels of cleaved caspase-1 and -3, indicators of apoptosis, were higher in the irradiation groups than in the control group at 4 days post irradiation, especially for caspase-3 (P < 0.05), but this increase was slightly attenuated at 8 weeks after radiation injury. Four days post irradiation, the MEMRI signal intensity (SI) in the irradiation groups, especially the 25 Gy group, was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Eight weeks after radiation injury, the SI of the 15 Gy group and the 25 Gy group recovered by different degrees, but the SI of the 25 Gy group was still significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). On day 4 post irradiation, the metabolic ratio of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) to creatine (Cr) in the 15 Gy group and 25 Gy group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The NAA/Cr ratio in the 15 Gy group recovered to control levels at 8 weeks (P > 0.05), but the NAA/Cr ratio in the 25 Gy group remained significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Radiation-induced brain injury is dose-dependently associated with apoptosis but not inflammasomes or pyroptosis, and the change in apoptosis can be detected by MEMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital & Cancer Center, No. 519 Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming, 650118, Yunnan, P.R. China. .,Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 295 Xichang Road, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, PR China.
| | - Jingyan Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital & Cancer Center, No. 519 Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming, 650118, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Dan Han
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 295 Xichang Road, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Qinqing Li
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital & Cancer Center, No. 519 Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming, 650118, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Chengde Liao
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital & Cancer Center, No. 519 Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming, 650118, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Jindan Li
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital & Cancer Center, No. 519 Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming, 650118, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital & Cancer Center, No. 519 Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming, 650118, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Yueyuan Luo
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital & Cancer Center, No. 519 Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming, 650118, Yunnan, P.R. China
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