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Chen T, Yang J, Zheng Y, Zhou X, Huang H, Zhang H, Xu Z. ERK1/2 Regulates Epileptic Seizures by Modulating the DRP1-Mediated Mitochondrial Dynamic. Synapse 2024; 78:e22309. [PMID: 39285628 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
After seizures, the hyperactivation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) causes mitochondrial dysfunction. Through the guidance of dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), ERK1/2 plays a role in the pathogenesis of several illnesses. Herein, we speculate that ERK1/2 affects mitochondrial division and participates in the pathogenesis of epilepsy by regulating the activity of DRP1. LiCl-Pilocarpine was injected intraperitoneally to establish a rat model of status epilepticus (SE) for this study. Before SE induction, PD98059 and Mdivi-1 were injected intraperitoneally. The number of seizures and the latency period before the onset of the first seizure were then monitored. The analysis of Western blot was also used to measure the phosphorylated and total ERK1/2 and DRP1 protein expression levels in the rat hippocampus. In addition, immunohistochemistry revealed the distribution of ERK1/2 and DRP1 in neurons of hippocampal CA1 and CA3. Both PD98059 and Mdivi-1 reduced the susceptibility of rats to epileptic seizures, according to behavioral findings. By inhibiting ERK1/2 phosphorylation, the Western blot revealed that PD98059 indirectly reduced the phosphorylation of DRP1 at Ser616 (p-DRP1-Ser616). Eventually, the ERK1/2 and DRP1 were distributed in the cytoplasm of neurons by immunohistochemistry. Inhibition of ERK1/2 signaling pathways downregulates p-DRP1-Ser616 expression, which could inhibit DRP1-mediated excessive mitochondrial fission and then regulate the pathogenesis of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, P. R. China
| | - Juan Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, P. R. China
| | - Yongsu Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, P. R. China
| | - Xuejiao Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, P. R. China
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, P. R. China
| | - Haiqing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, P. R. China
| | - Zucai Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, P. R. China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, P. R. China
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Thiankhaw K, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. How calcineurin inhibitors affect cognition. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14161. [PMID: 38747643 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
AIMS With a focus on the discrepancy between preclinical and clinical findings, this review will gather comprehensive information about the effects of calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) on cognitive function and related brain pathology from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. We also summarize the potential mechanisms that underlie the pathways related to CNI-induced cognitive impairment. METHODS We systematically searched articles in PubMed using keywords 'calcineurin inhibitor*' and 'cognition' to identify related articles, which the final list pertaining to underlying mechanisms of CNI on cognition. RESULTS Several studies have reported an association between calcineurin and the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is the most common neurocognitive disorder associated with amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, leading to cognitive impairment. CNI, including tacrolimus and cyclosporin A, are commonly prescribed for patients with transplantation of solid organs such as kidney, liver, or heart, those drugs are currently being used as long-term immunosuppressive therapy. Although preclinical models emphasize the favorable effects of CNI on the restoration of brain pathology due to the impacts of calcineurin on the alleviation of amyloid-beta deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation, or rescuing synaptic and mitochondrial functions, treatment-related neurotoxicity, resulting in cognitive dysfunctions has been observed in clinical settings of patients who received CNI. CONCLUSION Inconsistent results of CNI on cognition from clinical studies have been observed due to impairment of the blood-brain barrier, neuroinflammation mediated by reactive oxygen species, and alteration in mitochondrial fission, and extended research is required to confirm its promising use in cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitti Thiankhaw
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siripron C Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Zhang D, Qin H, Chen W, Xiang J, Jiang M, Zhang L, Zhou K, Hu Y. Utilizing network pharmacology, molecular docking, and animal models to explore the therapeutic potential of the WenYang FuYuan recipe for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through AGE-RAGE and NF-κB/p38MAPK signaling pathway modulation. Exp Gerontol 2024; 191:112448. [PMID: 38697555 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is a debilitating condition with high morbidity, disability, and mortality that significantly affects the quality of life of patients. In China, the WenYang FuYuan recipe is widely used to treat ischemic stroke. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown, so exploring the potential mechanism of action of this formula is of great practical significance for stroke treatment. OBJECTIVE This study employed network pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vivo experiments to clarify the active ingredients, potential targets, and molecular mechanisms of the WenYang FuYuan recipe in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, with a view to providing a solid scientific foundation for the subsequent study of this recipe. MATERIALS AND METHODS Active ingredients of the WenYang FuYuan recipe were screened using the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform. Network pharmacology approaches were used to explore the potential targets and mechanisms of action of the WenYang FuYuan recipe for the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. The Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion/Reperfusion 2 h Sprague Dawley rat model was prepared, and TTC staining and modified neurological severity score were applied to examine the neurological deficits in rats. HE staining and Nissl staining were applied to examine the pathological changes in rats. Immunofluorescence labeling and Elisa assay were applied to examine the expression levels of certain proteins and associated factors, while qRT-PCR and Western blotting were applied to examine the expression levels of linked proteins and mRNAs in disease-related signaling pathways. RESULTS We identified 62 key active ingredients in the WenYang FuYuan recipe, with 222 highly significant I/R targets, forming 138 pairs of medication components and component-targets, with the top five being Quercetin, Kaempferol, Luteolin, β-sitosterol, and Stigmasterol. The key targets included TP53, RELA, TNF, STAT1, and MAPK14 (p38MAPK). Targets related to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury were enriched in chemical responses, enzyme binding, endomembrane system, while enriched pathways included lipid and atherosclerosis, fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, AGE-RAGE signaling in diabetic complications. In addition, the main five active ingredients and targets in the WenYang FuYuan recipe showed high binding affinity (e.g. Stigmasterol and MAPK14, total energy <-10.5 Kcal/mol). In animal experiments, the WenYang FuYuan recipe reduced brain tissue damage, increased the number of surviving neurons, and down-regulated S100β and RAGE protein expression. Moreover, the relative expression levels of key targets such as TP53, RELA and p38MAPK mRNA were significantly down-regulated in the WenYang FuYuan recipe group, and serum IL-6 and TNF-a factor levels were reduced. After WenYang FuYuan recipe treatment, the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway and downstream NF-kB/p38MAPK signaling pathway-related proteins were significantly modulated. CONCLUSION This study utilized network pharmacology, molecular docking, and animal experiments to identify the potential mechanism of the WenYang FuYuan recipe, which may be associated with the regulation of the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway and the inhibition of target proteins and mRNAs in the downstream NF-kB/p38MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Zhang
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Hongling Qin
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine First Affiliated Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine First Affiliated Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Junjun Xiang
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Minghe Jiang
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Keqing Zhou
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Yueqiang Hu
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine First Affiliated Hospital, Nanning, China.
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Tang S, Huang M, Wang R, Li M, Dong N, Wu R, Chi Z, Gao L. Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fragmentation mediates photoreceptor abnormalities in type 1 diabetic retina. Exp Eye Res 2024; 242:109860. [PMID: 38467174 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted that retinal neurodegeneration precedes microvascular changes in diabetic retinopathy (DR), but the specific mechanisms remain unclear. Given the pivotal role of dysfunctional mitochondria and oxidative stress in early DR, our objective was to observe mitochondria-related alterations in the neural retina of type one diabetic mellitus mice with no evidence of DR (T1DM-NDR). We aimed to identify the key mitochondrial-related proteins contributing to mitochondrial injury. Our study revealed that T1DM-NDR mice exhibited outer retina thinning, including the ellipsoid zone, inner segment, and outer segment. Additionally, there was an impaired amplitude of the b-wave in electroretinogram (ERG) and a disorganized arrangement of the photoreceptor layer. In both the retina of DM mice and high glucose (HG)-treated 661w cells, mitochondria appeared swollen and fragmented, with disrupted cristae, disorganized or shortened branches in the mitochondrial network, and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. Among the mitochondrial-related proteins, dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) was upregulated, and the ratio of phosphorylated Drp1 protein at serine 616 (S616) and serine 637 (S637) sites significantly increased in the retina of DM mice. The administration of Mdivi-1 ameliorated high-glucose-induced dysfunctional mitochondria, thereby protecting T1DM-NDR mice retina from morphological and functional injuries. Our findings suggest that hyperglycemia promotes Drp1-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction, which may be a significant factor in the development of DR. The inhibition of high-glucose-induced mitochondrial fission emerges as a potential and innovative intervention strategy for preventing DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengling Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruixuan Wang
- Bourns Engineering, The University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, United States
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Immunology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ning Dong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ronghan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zailong Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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Noone J, Rochfort KD, O'Sullivan F, O'Gorman DJ. SIRT4 is a regulator of human skeletal muscle fatty acid metabolism influencing inner and outer mitochondrial membrane-mediated fusion. Cell Signal 2023; 112:110931. [PMID: 37858614 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The mitochondrial phenotype, governed by the balance of fusion-fission, is a key determinant of energy metabolism. The inner and outer mitochondrial membrane (IMM) fusion proteins optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) and Mitofusin 1 and 2 (Mfn1/2) play an important role in this process. Recent evidence also shows that Sirtuin 4 (SIRT4), located within the mitochondria, is involved in the regulation of fatty acid oxidation. The purpose of this study was to determine if SIRT4 expression regulates inner and outer mitochondrial-mediated fusion and substrate utilization within differentiated human skeletal muscle cells (HSkMC). MATERIAL AND METHODS SIRT4 expression was knocked down using small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection in differentiated HSkMC. Following knockdown, mitochondrial respiration was determined by high-resolution respirometry (HRR) using the Oroboros Oxygraph O2k. Live cell confocal microscopy, quantified using the Mitochondrial Network Analysis (MiNA) toolset, was used to examine mitochondrial morphological change. This was further examined through the measurement of key metabolic and mitochondrial morphological regulators (mRNA and protein) induced by knockdown. RESULTS SIRT4 knockdown resulted in a significant decrease in LEAK respiration, potentially explained by a decrease in ANT1 protein expression. Knockdown further increased oxidative phosphorylation and protein expression of key regulators of fatty acid metabolism. Quantitative analysis of live confocal imaging of fluorescently labelled mitochondria following SIRT4 knockdown supported the role SIRT4 plays in the regulation of mitochondrial morphology, as emphasized by an increase in mitochondrial network branches and junctions. Measurement of key regulators of mitochondrial dynamics illustrated a significant increase in mitochondrial fusion proteins Mfn1, OPA1 respectively, indicative of an increase in mitochondrial size. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence of a direct relationship between the mitochondrial phenotype and substrate oxidation in HSkMC. We identify SIRT4 as a key protagonist of energy metabolism via its regulation of IMM and OMM fusion proteins, OPA1 and Mfn1. SIRT4 knockdown increases mitochondrial capacity to oxidize fatty acids, decreasing LEAK respiration and further increasing mitochondrial elongation via its regulation of mitochondrial fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Noone
- 3U Diabetes Partnership, School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland; National Institute for Cellular and Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland; Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Keith D Rochfort
- National Institute for Cellular and Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland; School of Nursing, Psychotherapy and Community Health, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Finbarr O'Sullivan
- National Institute for Cellular and Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland; SSPC, The SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals
| | - Donal J O'Gorman
- 3U Diabetes Partnership, School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland; National Institute for Cellular and Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland; SSPC, The SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals.
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Hernandez-Resendiz S, Prakash A, Loo SJ, Semenzato M, Chinda K, Crespo-Avilan GE, Dam LC, Lu S, Scorrano L, Hausenloy DJ. Targeting mitochondrial shape: at the heart of cardioprotection. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:49. [PMID: 37955687 PMCID: PMC10643419 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-01019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
There remains an unmet need to identify novel therapeutic strategies capable of protecting the myocardium against the detrimental effects of acute ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), to reduce myocardial infarct (MI) size and prevent the onset of heart failure (HF) following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In this regard, perturbations in mitochondrial morphology with an imbalance in mitochondrial fusion and fission can disrupt mitochondrial metabolism, calcium homeostasis, and reactive oxygen species production, factors which are all known to be critical determinants of cardiomyocyte death following acute myocardial IRI. As such, therapeutic approaches directed at preserving the morphology and functionality of mitochondria may provide an important strategy for cardioprotection. In this article, we provide an overview of the alterations in mitochondrial morphology which occur in response to acute myocardial IRI, and highlight the emerging therapeutic strategies for targeting mitochondrial shape to preserve mitochondrial function which have the future therapeutic potential to improve health outcomes in patients presenting with AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sauri Hernandez-Resendiz
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aishwarya Prakash
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sze Jie Loo
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Kroekkiat Chinda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Gustavo E Crespo-Avilan
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Linh Chi Dam
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shengjie Lu
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Singapore, Singapore.
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- National University Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore.
- University College London, The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, London, UK.
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Wang Y, Jia L, Wei M, Lyu J, Sheng M, Sun Y, Dong Z, Han W, Ren Y, Weng Y, Yu W. Circulating Exosomes Mediate Neurodegeneration Following Hepatic Ischemia-reperfusion Through Inducing Microglial Pyroptosis in the Developing Hippocampus. Transplantation 2023; 107:2364-2376. [PMID: 37291725 PMCID: PMC10593148 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor neurodevelopmental outcomes after pediatric liver transplantation seriously affect the long-term quality of life of recipients, in whom hepatic ischemia reperfusion (HIR) is considered to play a pivotal role. However, the link between HIR and brain injury remains unclear. Because circulating exosomes are considered as the key mediators of information transmission over long distances, we aimed to assess the role of circulating exosomes in HIR-induced hippocampal injury in young rats. METHODS We administered exosomes extracted from the sera of HIR model rats to normal young rats via the tail vein. Western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, histological examination, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to evaluate the role of exosomes in neuronal injury and activation of microglial pyroptosis in the developing hippocampus. Primary microglial cells were cocultured with exosomes to further assess the effect of exosomes on microglia. To further explore the potential mechanism, GW4869 or MCC950 was used to block exosome biogenesis or nod-like receptor family protein 3, respectively. RESULTS Serum-derived exosomes played a crucial role in linking HIR with neuronal degeneration in the developing hippocampus. Microglia were found to be the target cells of ischemia-reperfusion derived exosomes (I/R-exosomes). I/R-exosomes were taken up by microglia and promoted the occurrence of microglial pyroptosis in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, the exosome-induced neuronal injury was alleviated by suppressing the occurrence of pyroptosis in the developing hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS Microglial pyroptosis induced by circulating exosomes plays a vital role in developing hippocampal neuron injury during HIR in young rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Wang
- The First Central Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lili Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Wei
- The First Central Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingshu Lyu
- The First Central Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingwei Sheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhonglan Dong
- The First Central Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenhui Han
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yinghui Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiqi Weng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenli Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Hao S, Huang H, Ma RY, Zeng X, Duan CY. Multifaceted functions of Drp1 in hypoxia/ischemia-induced mitochondrial quality imbalance: from regulatory mechanism to targeted therapeutic strategy. Mil Med Res 2023; 10:46. [PMID: 37833768 PMCID: PMC10571487 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-023-00482-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic injury is a common pathological dysfunction in clinical settings. Mitochondria are sensitive organelles that are readily damaged following ischemia and hypoxia. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) regulates mitochondrial quality and cellular functions via its oligomeric changes and multiple modifications, which plays a role in mediating the induction of multiple organ damage during hypoxic-ischemic injury. However, there is active controversy and gaps in knowledge regarding the modification, protein interaction, and functions of Drp1, which both hinder and promote development of Drp1 as a novel therapeutic target. Here, we summarize recent findings on the oligomeric changes, modification types, and protein interactions of Drp1 in various hypoxic-ischemic diseases, as well as the Drp1-mediated regulation of mitochondrial quality and cell functions following ischemia and hypoxia. Additionally, potential clinical translation prospects for targeting Drp1 are discussed. This review provides new ideas and targets for proactive interventions on multiple organ damage induced by various hypoxic-ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Hao
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010 China
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002 China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010 China
| | - Rui-Yan Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010 China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037 China
| | - Xue Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010 China
- Institute for Brain Science and Disease, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010 China
| | - Chen-Yang Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010 China
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9
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Huan Y, Hao G, Shi Z, Liang Y, Dong Y, Quan H. The role of dynamin-related protein 1 in cerebral ischemia/hypoxia injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115247. [PMID: 37516018 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction, especially in terms of mitochondrial dynamics, has been reported to be closely associated with neuronal outcomes and neurological impairment in cerebral ischemia/hypoxia injury. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) is a cytoplasmic GTPase that mediates mitochondrial fission and participates in neuronal cell death, calcium signaling, and oxidative stress. The neuroprotective role of Drp1 inhibition has been confirmed in several central nervous system disease models, demonstrating that targeting Drp1 may shed light on novel approaches for the treatment of cerebral ischemia/hypoxia injury. In this review, we aimed to highlight the roles of Drp1 in programmed cell death, oxidative stress, mitophagy, and mitochondrial function to provide a better understanding of mitochondrial disturbances in cerebral ischemia/hypoxia injury, and we also summarize the advances in novel chemical compounds targeting Drp1 to provide new insights into potential therapies for cerebral ischemia/hypoxia injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huan
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Guangzhi Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Zuolin Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Yushu Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China.
| | - Huilin Quan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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10
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Meng M, Li X, Huo R, Ma N, Chang G, Shen X. A high-concentrate diet induces mitochondrial dysfunction by activating the MAPK signaling pathway in the mammary gland of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:5775-5787. [PMID: 37296051 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Subacute rumen acidosis can lead to mastitis in dairy cows. Mitochondrial dysfunction is closely related to the inflammatory response. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of a high-concentrate diet on mammary gland inflammation and mitochondrial damage in dairy cows. Twelve Holstein dairy cows in mid-lactation were randomly divided into 2 groups and fed a 40% concentrate (low concentrate, LC) diet or a 60% concentrate (high concentrate, HC) diet. Cows were fed individually, and the experiment lasted for 3 wk. After the experiment, mammary gland tissue, blood, and rumen fluid were collected. Compared with the LC diet, the HC diet significantly decreased rumen pH; the pH was <5.6 for more than 3 h. The HC diet also increased the concentration of LPS in the blood (7.17 ± 1.25 µg/mL vs. 12.12 ± 1.26 µg/mL), which indicated that feeding the HC diet successfully induced subacute rumen acidosis. The HC diet also increased the concentration of Ca2+ (34.80 ± 4.23 µg/g vs. 46.87 ± 7.24 µg/g) in the mammary gland and upregulated the expression of inflammatory factors IL-6 (1,128.31 ± 147.53 pg/g vs. 1,538.42 ± 241.38 pg/g), IL-1β (69.67 ± 5.86 pg/g vs. 90.13 ± 4.78 pg/g), and tumor necrosis factor-α (91.99 ± 10.43 pg/g vs. 131.75 ± 17.89 pg/g) in mammary venous blood. The HC diet also increased the activity of myeloperoxidase (0.41 ± 0.05 U/g vs. 0.71 ± 0.11 U/g) and decreased the content of ATP (0.47 ± 0.10 µg/mL vs. 0.32 ± 0.11 µg/mL) in the mammary gland. In addition, phosphorylation of JNK (1.00 ± 0.21 vs. 2.84 ± 0.75), ERK (1.00 ± 0.20 vs. 1.53 ± 0.31), and p38 (1.00 ± 0.13 vs. 1.47 ± 0.41) and protein expression of IL-6 (1.00 ± 0.22 vs. 2.21 ± 0.27) and IL-8 (1.00 ± 0.17 vs. 1.96 ± 0.26) were enhanced in cows of the HC group, indicating that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway was activated. Compared with the LC diet, the HC diet reduced the protein expression of mitochondrial biogenesis-related proteins PGC-1α (1.00 ± 0.17 vs. 0.55 ± 0.12), NRF1 (1.00 ± 0.17 vs. 0.60 ± 0.10), TFAM (1.00 ± 0.10 vs. 0.73 ± 0.09), and SIRTI (1.00 ± 0.44 vs. 0.40 ± 0.10). The HC diet promoted mitochondrial fission and inhibited mitochondrial fusion by reducing protein expression of MFN1 (1.00 ± 0.31 vs. 0.49 ± 0.09), MFN2 (1.00 ± 0.19 vs. 0.69 ± 0.13), and OPA1 (1.00 ± 0.08 vs. 0.72 ± 0.07), and by increasing that of DRP1 (1.00 ± 0.09 vs. 1.39 ± 0.10), MFF (1.00 ± 0.15 vs. 1.89 ± 0.12), and TTC1/FIS1 (1.00 ± 0.08 vs. 1.76 ± 0.14), leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. The HC diet increased mitochondrial permeability by upregulating the protein expression of VDAC1 (1.00 ± 0.42 vs. 1.90 ± 0.44), ANT (1.00 ± 0.22 vs. 1.27 ± 0.17), and CYPD (1.00 ± 0.41 vs. 1.82 ± 0.43). Taken together, these results indicated that feeding the HC diet induced mitochondrial damage via the MAPK signaling pathway in the mammary gland of dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijuan Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xuerui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Ran Huo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Nana Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Guangjun Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xiangzhen Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
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11
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Wang L, Feng ZJ, Ma X, Li K, Li XY, Tang Y, Peng C. Mitochondrial quality control in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17702. [PMID: 37539120 PMCID: PMC10395149 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury is a phenomenon in which exacerbating damage of liver cells due to restoration of blood flow following ischemia during liver surgery, especially those involving liver transplantation. Mitochondria, the energy-producing organelles, are crucial for cell survival and apoptosis and have evolved a range of quality control mechanisms to maintain homeostasis in the mitochondrial network in response to various stress conditions. Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion leads to disruption of mitochondrial quality control mechanisms, as evidenced by reduced mitochondrial autophagy, excessive division, reduced fusion, and inhibition of biogenesis. This leads to dysfunction of the mitochondrial network. The accumulation of damaged mitochondria ultimately results in apoptosis of hepatocytes due to the release of apoptotic proteins like cytochrome C. This worsens hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Currently, hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury protection is being studied using different approaches such as drug pretreatment, stem cells and exosomes, genetic interventions, and mechanical reperfusion, all aimed at targeting mitochondrial quality control mechanisms. This paper aims to provide direction for future research on combating HIRI by reviewing the latest studies that focus on targeting mitochondrial quality control mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- LiuSong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zan Jie Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xuan Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xin Yao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Cijun Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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12
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Ferroptosis involved in sevoflurane-aggravated young rats brain injury induced by liver transplantation. Neuroreport 2022; 33:705-713. [PMID: 36165031 PMCID: PMC9521585 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Shi W, Tan C, Liu C, Chen D. Mitochondrial fission mediated by Drp1-Fis1 pathway and neurodegenerative diseases. Rev Neurosci 2022; 34:275-294. [PMID: 36059131 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2022-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the role of mitochondrial dynamics in neurodegenerative diseases has becoming increasingly important. More and more evidences have shown that in pathological conditions, abnormal mitochondrial divisions, especially Drp1-Fis1-mediated divisions, play an important role in the occurrence and development of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, glaucoma, and other neurodegenerative diseases. This review highlights several new mechanisms of physiological fission of mitochondria and the difference/connection of physiological/pathological mitochondrial fission. In addition, we described the relationship between abnormal mitochondrial dynamics and neurodegenerative diseases in detail and emphatically summarized its detection indicators in basic experiments, trying to provide references for further mechanism exploration and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Shi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Cheng Tan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Can Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
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14
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Prohibitins: A Key Link between Mitochondria and Nervous System Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7494863. [PMID: 35847581 PMCID: PMC9286927 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7494863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Prohibitins (PHBs) are conserved proteins in eukaryotic cells, which are mainly located in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), cell nucleus, and cell membrane. PHBs play crucial roles in various cellular functions, including the cell cycle regulation, tumor suppression, immunoglobulin M receptor binding, and aging. In addition, recent in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed that PHBs are important in nervous system diseases. PHBs can prevent apoptosis, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and autophagy in neurological disorders through different molecules and pathways, such as OPA-1, PINK1/Parkin, IL6/STAT3, Tau, NO, LC3, and TDP43. Therefore, PHBs show great promise in the protection of neurological disorders. This review summarizes the relevant studies on the relationship between PHBs and neurological disorders and provides an update on the molecular mechanisms of PHBs in nervous system diseases.
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15
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Chen L, Song M, Yao C. Calcineurin in development and disease. Genes Dis 2022; 9:915-927. [PMID: 35685477 PMCID: PMC9170610 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcineurin (CaN) is a unique calcium (Ca2+) and calmodulin (CaM)-dependent serine/threonine phosphatase that becomes activated in the presence of increased intracellular Ca2+ level. CaN then functions to dephosphorylate target substrates including various transcription factors, receptors, and channels. Once activated, the CaN signaling pathway participates in the development of multiple organs as well as the onset and progression of various diseases via regulation of different cellular processes. Here, we review current literature regarding the structural and functional properties of CaN, highlighting its crucial role in the development and pathogenesis of immune system disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, kidney disease, cardiomyopathy and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Blood Transfusion, First Affiliated Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Min Song
- Department of Blood Transfusion, First Affiliated Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Chunyan Yao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, First Affiliated Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, PR China
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16
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Zeng X, Zhang YD, Ma RY, Chen YJ, Xiang XM, Hou DY, Li XH, Huang H, Li T, Duan CY. Activated Drp1 regulates p62-mediated autophagic flux and aggravates inflammation in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion via the ROS-RIP1/RIP3-exosome axis. Mil Med Res 2022; 9:25. [PMID: 35624495 PMCID: PMC9137164 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-022-00383-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) refers to a secondary brain injury that can occur when the blood supply to the ischemic brain tissue is restored. However, the mechanism underlying such injury remains elusive. METHODS The 150 male C57 mice underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 1 h and reperfusion for 24 h, Among them, 50 MCAO mice were further treated with Mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 (Mdivi-1) and 50 MCAO mice were further treated with N-acetylcysteine (NAC). SH-SY5Y cells were cultured in a low-glucose culture medium for 4 h under hypoxic conditions and then transferred to normal conditions for 12 h. Then, cerebral blood flow, mitochondrial structure, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, intracellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), autophagic flux, aggresome and exosome expression profiles, cardiac tissue structure, mitochondrial length and cristae density, mtDNA and ROS content, as well as the expression of Drp1-Ser616/Drp1, RIP1/RIP3, LC3 II/LC3 I, TNF-α, IL-1β, etc., were detected under normal or Drp1 interference conditions. RESULTS The mtDNA content, ROS levels, and Drp1-Ser616/Drp1 were elevated by 2.2, 1.7 and 2.7 times after CIRI (P < 0.05). However, the high cytoplasmic LC3 II/I ratio and increased aggregation of p62 could be reversed by 44% and 88% by Drp1 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) (P < 0.05). The low fluorescence intensity of autophagic flux and the increased phosphorylation of RIP3 induced by CIRI could be attenuated by ROS scavenger, NAC (P < 0.05). RIP1/RIP3 inhibitor Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) restored 75% to a low LC3 II/LC3 I ratio and enhanced 2 times to a high RFP-LC3 after Drp1 activation (P < 0.05). In addition, although CIRI-induced ROS production caused no considerable accumulation of autophagosomes (P > 0.05), it increased the packaging and extracellular secretion of exosomes containing p62 by 4 - 5 times, which could be decreased by Mdivi-1, Drp1 shRNA, and Nec-1 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, TNF-α and IL-1β increased in CIRI-derived exosomes could increase RIP3 phosphorylation in normal or oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) conditions (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS CIRI activated Drp1 and accelerated the p62-mediated formation of autophagosomes while inhibiting the transition of autophagosomes to autolysosomes via the RIP1/RIP3 pathway activation. Undegraded autophagosomes were secreted extracellularly in the form of exosomes, leading to inflammatory cascades that further damaged mitochondria, resulting in excessive ROS generation and the blockage of autophagosome degradation, triggering a vicious cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zeng
- Department of Anaesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400010, Chongqing, China.,Department of Neurology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Yun-Dong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Rui-Yan Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Yuan-Jing Chen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400010, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin-Ming Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Shock and Transfusion, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Dong-Yao Hou
- Department of Anaesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400010, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue-Han Li
- Department of Anaesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400010, Chongqing, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400010, Chongqing, China.
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Shock and Transfusion, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
| | - Chen-Yang Duan
- Department of Anaesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400010, Chongqing, China.
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17
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Zhang S, Rao S, Yang M, Ma C, Hong F, Yang S. Role of Mitochondrial Pathways in Cell Apoptosis during He-Patic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042357. [PMID: 35216473 PMCID: PMC8877300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury is a major cause of post-operative hepatic dysfunction and liver failure after transplantation. Mitochondrial pathways can be either beneficial or detrimental to hepatic cell apoptosis during hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury, depending on multiple factors. Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury may be induced by opened mitochondrial permeability transition pore, released apoptosis-related proteins, up-regulated B-cell lymphoma-2 gene family proteins, unbalanced mitochondrial dynamics, and endoplasmic reticulum stress, which are integral parts of mitochondrial pathways. In this review, we discuss the role of mitochondrial pathways in apoptosis that account for the most deleterious effect of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Zhang
- Experimental Center of Pathogen Biology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (S.Z.); (S.R.); (C.M.)
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Sijing Rao
- Experimental Center of Pathogen Biology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (S.Z.); (S.R.); (C.M.)
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Meiwen Yang
- Department of Surgery, Fuzhou Medical College, Nanchang University, Fuzhou 344099, China;
| | - Chen Ma
- Experimental Center of Pathogen Biology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (S.Z.); (S.R.); (C.M.)
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Fengfang Hong
- Experimental Center of Pathogen Biology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (S.Z.); (S.R.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence: (F.H.); or (S.Y.)
| | - Shulong Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Department of Physiology, Fuzhou Medical College, Nanchang University, Fuzhou 344099, China
- Correspondence: (F.H.); or (S.Y.)
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18
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Shaping of Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Events: The Crucial Role of Mitochondria. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040688. [PMID: 35203337 PMCID: PMC8870414 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury (HIRI) is a major hurdle in many clinical scenarios, including liver resection and transplantation. Various studies and countless surgical events have led to the observation of a strong correlation between HIRI induced by liver transplantation and early allograft-dysfunction development. The detrimental impact of HIRI has driven the pursuit of new ways to alleviate its adverse effects. At the core of HIRI lies mitochondrial dysfunction. Various studies, from both animal models and in clinical settings, have clearly shown that mitochondrial function is severely hampered by HIRI and that its preservation or restoration is a key indicator of successful organ recovery. Several strategies have been thus implemented throughout the years, targeting mitochondrial function. This work briefly discusses some the most utilized approaches, ranging from surgical practices to pharmacological interventions and highlights how novel strategies can be investigated and implemented by intricately discussing the way mitochondrial function is affected by HIRI.
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19
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Zhang Q, Piao C, Ma H, Xu J, Wang Y, Liu T, Liu G, Wang H. Exosomes from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells alleviate liver ischaemia reperfusion injury subsequent to hepatectomy in rats by regulating mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:10152-10163. [PMID: 34609057 PMCID: PMC8572784 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischaemia reperfusion injury (HIRI) is a major factor leading to liver dysfunction after liver resection and liver transplantation. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) have potential therapeutic effects on HIRI. Exosomes derived from ADSCs (ADSCs-exo) have been widely studied as an alternative of ADSCs therapy. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential protective effect and related mechanism of ADSCs-exo on HIRI subsequent to hepatectomy. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: Sham, I30R+PH, ADSCs and ADSCs-exo group. After 24 h of reperfusion, liver and serum of the rats were immediately collected. ADSCs-exo improved liver function, inhibited oxidative stress and reduced apoptosis of hepatocytes in HIRI subsequent to hepatectomy in rats. ADSCs-exo significantly promoted the recovery of mitochondrial function, markedly increased the content of ATP in the liver tissue, and improved the ultrastructure of mitochondria in hepatocytes. Moreover, ADSCs-exo significantly increased the expression of OPA-1, MFN-1 and MFN-2 proteins related to mitochondrial fusion, while DRP-1 and Fis-1 mRNA and protein expression associated with mitochondrial fission were significantly decreased after the treatment with ADSCs-exo. In addition, ADSCs-exo significantly increased the expression of PGC-1α, NRF-1 and TFAM genes and proteins related to mitochondrial biogenesis. ADSCs-exo improves liver function induced by HIRI subsequent to hepatectomy in rats and maintains mitochondrial homeostasis by inhibiting mitochondrial fission, promoting mitochondrial fusion and promoting mitochondrial biogenesis. Therefore, ADSCs-exo may be considered as a potential promising alternative to ADSCs in the treatment of HIRI subsequent to hepatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianzhen Zhang
- College of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Chenxi Piao
- College of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Haiyang Ma
- College of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Jiayuan Xu
- College of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Guodong Liu
- College of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Hongbin Wang
- College of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
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20
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Dynamin-related protein 1 deficiency accelerates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute liver injury and inflammation in mice. Commun Biol 2021; 4:894. [PMID: 34290349 PMCID: PMC8295278 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02413-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial fusion and fission, which are strongly related to normal mitochondrial function, are referred to as mitochondrial dynamics. Mitochondrial fusion defects in the liver cause a non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-like phenotype and liver cancer. However, whether mitochondrial fission defect directly impair liver function and stimulate liver disease progression, too, is unclear. Dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) is a key factor controlling mitochondrial fission. We hypothesized that DRP1 defects are a causal factor directly involved in liver disease development and stimulate liver disease progression. Drp1 defects directly promoted endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, hepatocyte death, and subsequently induced infiltration of inflammatory macrophages. Drp1 deletion increased the expression of numerous genes involved in the immune response and DNA damage in Drp1LiKO mouse primary hepatocytes. We administered lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to liver-specific Drp1-knockout (Drp1LiKO) mice and observed an increased inflammatory cytokine expression in the liver and serum caused by exaggerated ER stress and enhanced inflammasome activation. This study indicates that Drp1 defect-induced mitochondrial dynamics dysfunction directly regulates the fate and function of hepatocytes and enhances LPS-induced acute liver injury in vivo.
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21
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The Role of Mitochondria in Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: From Aspects of Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Fission, Mitochondrial Membrane Permeable Transport Pore Formation, Mitophagy, and Mitochondria-Related Protective Measures. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6670579. [PMID: 34285766 PMCID: PMC8275408 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6670579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) has indeed been shown as a main complication of hepatectomy, liver transplantation, trauma, and hypovolemic shock. A large number of studies have confirmed that microvascular and parenchymal damage is mainly caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is considered to be a major risk factor for IRI. Under normal conditions, ROS as a kind of by-product of cellular metabolism can be controlled at normal levels. However, when IRI occurs, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is inhibited. In addition, oxidative respiratory chain damage leads to massive consumption of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and large amounts of ROS. Additionally, mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in various organs and tissues in IRI. On the one hand, excessive free radicals induce mitochondrial damage, for instance, mitochondrial structure, number, function, and energy metabolism. On the other hand, the disorder of mitochondrial fusion and fission results in further reduction of the number of mitochondria so that it is not enough to clear excessive ROS, and mitochondrial structure changes to form mitochondrial membrane permeable transport pores (mPTPs), which leads to cell necrosis and apoptosis, organ failure, and metabolic dysfunction, increasing morbidity and mortality. According to the formation mechanism of IRI, various substances have been discovered or synthesized for specific targets and cell signaling pathways to inhibit or slow the damage of liver IRI to the body. Here, based on the development of this field, this review describes the role of mitochondria in liver IRI, from aspects of mitochondrial oxidative stress, mitochondrial fusion and fission, mPTP formation, and corresponding protective measures. Therefore, it may provide references for future clinical treatment and research.
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22
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Sanggenon C Ameliorates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Inflammation and Oxidative Stress through Regulating RhoA-ROCK Signaling. Inflammation 2021; 43:1476-1487. [PMID: 32240450 PMCID: PMC7378107 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01225-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sanggenon C (SC), a natural flavonoid extracted from Cortex Mori (Sang Bai Pi), is reported to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in hypoxia. The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential and the underlying mechanisms of SC in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. A rat model of reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was used to induce cerebral I/R injury in vivo, and SC was administrated intragastrically. Brain injuries were evaluated using Bederson scores, brain water content, and 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. The levels of inflammatory factors and oxidative stress were examined using corresponding kits. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL. Moreover, the expressions of apoptosis-related and RhoA/ROCK signaling-related proteins were detected through western blotting. In vitro, RhoA was overexpressed in oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R)-induced PC12 cells to confirm the contribution of RhoA-ROCK signaling inhibition by SC to the neuroprotective effects post OGD/R. Pretreatment with SC significantly ameliorated the neurologic impairment, brain edema, and cerebral infarction post MCAO-reperfusion, associated with reductions of inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis in the brain. Furthermore, SC remarkably downregulated the expression of RhoA/ROCK signaling-related proteins post MCAO-reperfusion in rats, while overexpression of RhoA reversed the beneficial effects of SC on protecting against inflammation and oxidative stress in OGD/R-induced PC12 cells. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that SC exerts neuroprotective effects after cerebral I/R injury via inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress through regulating RhoA-ROCK signaling, suggesting a therapeutic potential of SC in cerebral I/R injury.
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Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission in cardiovascular disease. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:655-664. [PMID: 32913266 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00518-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles undergoing cycles of fusion and fission to modulate their morphology, distribution, and function, which are referred as 'mitochondrial dynamics'. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) is known as the major pro-fission protein whose activity is tightly regulated to clear the damaged mitochondria via mitophagy, ensuring a strict control over the intricate process of cellular and organ dynamics in heart. Various posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of Drp1 have been identified including phosphorylation, SUMOylation, palmitoylation, ubiquitination, S-nitrosylation, and O-GlcNAcylation, which implicate a role in the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics. An intact mitochondrial homeostasis is critical for heart to fuel contractile function and cardiomyocyte metabolism, while defects in mitochondrial dynamics constitute an essential part of the pathophysiology underlying various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the critical role of Drp1 in the pathogenesis of CVDs including endothelial dysfunction, smooth muscle remodeling, cardiac hypertrophy, pulmonary arterial hypertension, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, and myocardial infarction. We also highlight how the targeting of Drp1 could potentially contribute to CVDs treatments.
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Differential ROS-Mediated Phosphorylation of Drp1 in Mitochondrial Fragmentation Induced by Distinct Cell Death Conditions in Cerebellar Granule Neurons. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8832863. [PMID: 33936388 PMCID: PMC8060094 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8832863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production has been associated with neuronal death. ROS are also involved in mitochondrial fission, which is mediated by Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1). The regulation of mitochondrial fragmentation mediated by Drp1 and its relationship to mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) in neuronal death have not been completely clarified. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of mtROS in cell death and their involvement in the activation of Drp1 and mitochondrial fission in a model of cell death of cultured cerebellar granule neurons (CGN). Neuronal death of CGN induced by potassium deprivation (K5) and staurosporine (ST) triggers mitochondrial ROS production and mitochondrial fragmentation. K5 condition evoked an increase of Drp1 phosphorylation at Ser616, but ST treatment led to a decrease of Drp1 phosphorylation. Moreover, the death of CGN induced by both K5 and ST was markedly reduced in the presence of MitoTEMPO; however, mitochondrial morphology was not recovered. Here, we show that the mitochondria are the initial source of ROS involved in the neuronal death of CGN and that mitochondrial fragmentation is a common event in cell death; however, this process is not mediated by Drp1 phosphorylation at Ser616.
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Dexmedetomidine Ameliorates Hippocampus Injury and Cognitive Dysfunction Induced by Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion by Activating SIRT3-Mediated Mitophagy and Inhibiting Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Young Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:7385458. [PMID: 34493950 PMCID: PMC8418694 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7385458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (HIR) has been proven to trigger oxidative stress and pyroptosis in the hippocampus. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is an essential mitochondrial protein deacetylase regulating oxidative stress and mitophagy. Dexmedetomidine (Dex) has been demonstrated to confer neuroprotection in different brain injury models. However, whether the protective effects of Dex following HIR are orchestrated by activation of SIRT3-mediated mitophagy and inhibition of NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation remains unknown. Herein, two-week-old rats were treated with Dex or a selective SIRT3 inhibitor (3-TYP)/autophagy inhibitor (3-MA) and then subjected to HIR. The results revealed that Dex treatment effectively attenuated neuroinflammation and cognitive deficits via upregulating SIRT3 expression and activity. Furthermore, Dex treatment inhibited the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, while 3-TYP and 3-MA eliminated the protective effects of Dex, suggesting that SIRT3-mediated mitophagy executes the protective effects of Dex. Moreover, 3-TYP treatment downregulated the expression level of SIRT3 downstream proteins: forkhead-box-protein 3α (FOXO3α), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), peroxiredoxin 3 (PRDX3), and cyclophilin D (CYP-D), which were barely influenced by 3-MA treatment. Notably, both 3-TYP and 3-MA were able to offset the antioxidative and antiapoptosis effects of Dex, indicating that SIRT3-mediated mitophagy may be the last step and the major pathway executing the neuroprotective effects of Dex. In conclusion, Dex inhibits HIR-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation mainly by triggering SIRT3-mediated mitophagy.
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Zhang S, Xu Y, Zhu J, Ma J, Niu Q, Wang X. Carbon monoxide attenuates LPS-induced myocardial dysfunction in rats by regulating the mitochondrial dynamic equilibrium. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 889:173726. [PMID: 33159931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces myocardial dysfunction by damaging the mitochondrial structure in cardiomyocytes. Since low levels of carbon monoxide can confer cytoprotective effects against end-organ damage from endotoxic shock, we tested whether treatment with carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2) could ameliorate LPS-induced myocardial dysfunction in rats by maintaining the dynamic equilibrium between the mitochondrial fusion and fission processes. Cardiac function, myocardial histopathology, myocardial enzymes, and changes in myocardial mitochondrial function and mitochondrial fusion-fission protein expression were assessed in rats. The mitochondrial structure and morphology were studied by electron microscopy, and the expression levels of key proteins involved in the mitochondrial dynamics were assessed by Western blot assay. Cardiac dysfunction and increased myocardial enzyme activity together with myocardial pathological damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired mitochondrial dynamics homeostasis were observed in the LPS-challenged septic rats. However, these observations were reversed by CORM-2, which effectively inhibited cardiac and mitochondrial damage in the LPS-challenged rats and improved the survival rate of the animals. In conclusion, CORM-2 regulates the LPS-induced imbalance of the dynamic mitochondrial fusion and fission processes, thereby effectively ameliorating the LPS-induced myocardial dysfunction and improving the survival of the rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China; Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Xu
- Department of Cardiac Functions Examination, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyuan Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlan Ma
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingsheng Niu
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.
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Liao HQ, Zhou J, Cao Y, Nie YL, Li MQ, Zhou J. Vigilin interacts with ER-β to protect against palmitic acid-induced granulosa cells apoptosis via inhibiting calcineurin-mediated Drp1 signaling pathway. Steroids 2020; 163:108699. [PMID: 32687845 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypercholesterolemia is one of the causes of female infertility, and as a common fatty acid in follicular fluid, palmitic acid (PA) level plays a vital role in granule cell which is closely related to the developmental potential of follicle. METHODS The ovarian granulosa cell-like human granulosa (KGN) cell line and the immortalized normal ovarian surface epithelial cell line (IOSE80) were used to verify the effect of PA on cell viability and apoptosis by MTT and flow cytometry assay, respectively. Then mitochondria damage was confirmed by mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial ROS detection assay and western blot in KGN cells. Thorough luciferase reporter assay and RIP-qPCR, the relationship between vigilin and ER-β was investigated. RESULTS In our study, PA induced mitochondrial damage-mediated cell apoptosis of KGN cells was dose-dependently, while PA shown no effects on in IOSE80 cells. Then the role of calcineurin (CnA)-mediated Drp1 signaling pathway on KGN cells was confirmed by treating with Mdivi-1 or FK506T. In addition, the changed level of vigilin and ER-β was observed in cell apoptosis of KGN cells induced by PA. By transfecting vigilin vector or ER-β vector into KGN cells, respectively, vigilin and ER-β were demonstrated to regulate the apoptosis of KGN cells. And vigilin was a binding protein of ER-β mRNA. CONCLUSION Vigilin could interact with ER-β mRNA to promote ER-β expression. And Vigilin/ ER-β relieve the mitochondrial damage and cell apoptosis induced by PA through regulating CnA-mediated Drp1 signaling pathway, which revealed the mechanism and strategy of hypercholesterolemia in female infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Qing Liao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University, Hengyang 421001, PR China; Hengyang Nanhua-Xinghui Reproductive Health Hospital, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Jun Zhou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University, Hengyang 421001, PR China; Hengyang Nanhua-Xinghui Reproductive Health Hospital, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Yang Cao
- Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha 410205, PR China
| | - Yu-Lin Nie
- Hengyang Nanhua-Xinghui Reproductive Health Hospital, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Mei-Qing Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University, Hengyang 421001, PR China; Hengyang Nanhua-Xinghui Reproductive Health Hospital, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Jing Zhou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University, Hengyang 421001, PR China; Hengyang Nanhua-Xinghui Reproductive Health Hospital, Hengyang 421001, PR China.
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Maneechote C, Palee S, Kerdphoo S, Jaiwongkam T, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Pharmacological inhibition of mitochondrial fission attenuates cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury in pre-diabetic rats. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 182:114295. [PMID: 33080185 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An increase in the number of fragmented mitochondria contributes to the pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Also, mitochondrial fission has shown an increase in obese condition. However, the cardioprotective roles of a mitochondrial fission inhibitor in obesity with cardiac I/R injury are unclear. We hypothesized that a fission inhibitor (Mdivi-1) reduces cardiac dysfunction during I/R injury in pre-diabetic rats. Male Wistar rats (n = 40) were received a high-fat diet for 12 weeks to induce prediabetes. Then, rats underwent a 30-min coronary artery ligation was performed followed by reperfusion for 120 min. These I/R rats were given either: (1) vehicle or Mdivi-1 treatment at 3 time points relative to onset of ischemia: (2) pre-ischemia; (3) during ischemia; and (4) at onset of reperfusion. Cardiac function, myocardial infarct size, mitochondrial function and dynamic balance were determined. Interestingly, Mdivi-1 given at any time points effectively attenuated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, depolarization, swelling, and dynamic imbalance, resulting in reduced arrhythmias, myocardial cell death, infarct size and enhanced cardiac performance during I/R injury in pre-diabetic rats. Taken together, inhibition of mitochondrial fission effectively protected the heart against cardiac I/R injury regardless of the time of administration in pre-diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayodom Maneechote
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Siripong Palee
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sasiwan Kerdphoo
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Thidarat Jaiwongkam
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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29
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Kapetanovic R, Afroz SF, Ramnath D, Lawrence GM, Okada T, Curson JE, de Bruin J, Fairlie DP, Schroder K, St John JC, Blumenthal A, Sweet MJ. Lipopolysaccharide promotes Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission and associated inflammatory responses in macrophages. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 98:528-539. [PMID: 32686869 PMCID: PMC7497224 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria have a multitude of functions, including energy generation and cell signaling. Recent evidence suggests that mitochondrial dynamics (i.e. the balance between mitochondrial fission and fusion) also regulate immune functions. Here, we reveal that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation increases mitochondrial numbers in mouse bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMMs) and human monocyte‐derived macrophages. In BMMs, this response requires Toll‐like receptor 4 (Tlr4) and the TLR adaptor protein myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) but is independent of mitochondrial biogenesis. Consistent with this phenomenon being a consequence of mitochondrial fission, the dynamin‐related protein 1 (Drp1) GTPase that promotes mitochondrial fission is enriched on mitochondria in LPS‐activated macrophages and is required for the LPS‐mediated increase in mitochondrial numbers in both BMMs and mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Pharmacological agents that skew toward mitochondrial fusion also abrogated this response. LPS triggered acute Drp1 phosphorylation at serine 635 (S635), followed by sustained Drp1 dephosphorylation at serine 656 (S656), in BMMs. LPS‐induced S656 dephosphorylation was abrogated in MyD88‐deficient BMMs, suggesting that this post‐translational modification is particularly important for Tlr4‐inducible fission. Pharmacological or genetic targeting of Tlr4‐inducible fission had selective effects on inflammatory mediator production, with LPS‐inducible mitochondrial fission promoting the expression and/or secretion of a subset of inflammatory mediators in BMMs and mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Thus, triggering of Tlr4 results in MyD88‐dependent activation of Drp1, leading to inducible mitochondrial fission and subsequent inflammatory responses in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Kapetanovic
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Syeda Farhana Afroz
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Divya Ramnath
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Grace Mep Lawrence
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Takashi Okada
- The Mitochondrial Genetics Group, Robinson Research Institute, School of Medicine, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - James Eb Curson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jost de Bruin
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - David P Fairlie
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Kate Schroder
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Justin C St John
- The Mitochondrial Genetics Group, Robinson Research Institute, School of Medicine, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Antje Blumenthal
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Matthew J Sweet
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
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30
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Mui D, Zhang Y. Mitochondrial scenario: roles of mitochondrial dynamics in acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2020; 41:1-5. [PMID: 32583708 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2020.1784938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The main therapeutic strategy currently used for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is to open occluded coronary arteries, a process defined as blood reperfusion. However, blood reperfusion will increase cardiac mortality, tissue damage and cardiac dysfunction in patients with AMI, which is mechanically defined as "ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury". It is currently believed that mitochondrial dynamics plays a key role in myocardial I/R, especially excessive mitochondrial fission, which is the main cause of cardiac dysfunction. Therefore, in the process of I/R injury, effective drug intervention and correct treatment strategies can be used to regulate mitochondrial dynamic balance to combat ischemia-reperfusion injury, which can play a huge role in improving the prognosis of patients. This review summarized the effects of mitochondrial fission and mitochondrial fusion balance on myocardial and mitochondrial functional changes during myocardial I/R injury. Finally, combined with the previous injury mechanisms, this review also briefly described some drug intervention that may be beneficial to clinical practice to improve the postoperative quality of life of patients with AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mui
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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31
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Mechanisms and roles of mitochondrial localisation and dynamics in neuronal function. Neuronal Signal 2020; 4:NS20200008. [PMID: 32714603 PMCID: PMC7373250 DOI: 10.1042/ns20200008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons are highly polarised, complex and incredibly energy intensive cells, and their demand for ATP during neuronal transmission is primarily met by oxidative phosphorylation by mitochondria. Thus, maintaining the health and efficient function of mitochondria is vital for neuronal integrity, viability and synaptic activity. Mitochondria do not exist in isolation, but constantly undergo cycles of fusion and fission, and are actively transported around the neuron to sites of high energy demand. Intriguingly, axonal and dendritic mitochondria exhibit different morphologies. In axons mitochondria are small and sparse whereas in dendrites they are larger and more densely packed. The transport mechanisms and mitochondrial dynamics that underlie these differences, and their functional implications, have been the focus of concerted investigation. Moreover, it is now clear that deficiencies in mitochondrial dynamics can be a primary factor in many neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review the role that mitochondrial dynamics play in neuronal function, how these processes support synaptic transmission and how mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in neurodegenerative disease.
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32
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Rosdah AA, Smiles WJ, Oakhill JS, Scott JW, Langendorf CG, Delbridge LMD, Holien JK, Lim SY. New perspectives on the role of Drp1 isoforms in regulating mitochondrial pathophysiology. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 213:107594. [PMID: 32473962 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles constantly undergoing fusion and fission. A concerted balance between the process of mitochondrial fusion and fission is required to maintain cellular health under different physiological conditions. Mutation and dysregulation of Drp1, the major driver of mitochondrial fission, has been associated with various neurological, oncological and cardiovascular disorders. Moreover, when subjected to pathological insults, mitochondria often undergo excessive fission, generating fragmented and dysfunctional mitochondria leading to cell death. Therefore, manipulating mitochondrial fission by targeting Drp1 has been an appealing therapeutic approach for cytoprotection. However, studies have been inconsistent. Studies employing Drp1 constructs representing alternate Drp1 isoforms, have demonstrated differing impacts of these isoforms on mitochondrial fission and cell death. Furthermore, there are distinct expression patterns of Drp1 isoforms in different tissues, suggesting idiosyncratic engagement in specific cellular functions. In this review, we will discuss these inherent variations among human Drp1 isoforms and how they could affect Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayeshah A Rosdah
- O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia; Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - William J Smiles
- Metabolic Signalling Laboratory, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jonathan S Oakhill
- Metabolic Signalling Laboratory, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia; Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Victoria, Australia
| | - John W Scott
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Victoria, Australia; Protein Chemistry and Metabolism Unit, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher G Langendorf
- Protein Chemistry and Metabolism Unit, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lea M D Delbridge
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica K Holien
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Structural Bioinformatics and Drug Discovery, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shiang Y Lim
- O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia; Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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33
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Gao J, Zhang HP, Sun YH, Guo WZ, Li J, Tang HW, Guo DF, Zhang JK, Shi XY, Yu DS, Zhang XD, Wen PH, Shi JH, Zhang SJ. Synaptopodin-2 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis via calcineurin-induced nuclear-cytoplasmic translocation. Cancer Lett 2020; 482:8-18. [PMID: 32278815 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a type of malignant liver tumor, has a grim prognosis. As a functional protein, synaptopodin-2 (SYNPO2) has been associated with malignancy; however, the expression profile and function of SYNPO2 in HCC remains unknown. Herein, we revealed that SYNPO2 was transcriptionally downregulated in HCC tissues from both The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort and our cohort, and was also decreased at the translational level as determined by western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. Furthermore, reduced SYNPO2 expression correlated significantly with short overall survival and recurrence free survival of HCC patients. Restoring SYNPO2 expression inhibited the proliferation and aggressiveness of hepatocarcinoma cells. Mechanistically, increasing the ratio of cytoplasmic SYNPO2 to nuclear SYNPO2 was positively associated with recurrence rate in HCC patients; calcineurin (CaN) activity positively correlated with cytoplasmic SYNPO2 levels in HCC tissues; and nuclear-cytoplasmic translocation of SYNPO2 was induced by CaN to facilitate metastasis of HCC through assembly of peripheral actin bundles. In short, our findings uncover a novel role of SYNPO2 in HCC metastasis via the CaN/SYNPO2/F-actin axis, and indicate that SYNPO2 may serve as a possible prognostic marker and novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China; Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China
| | - Hua-Peng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China; Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China
| | - Yao-Hui Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China; Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China
| | - Wen-Zhi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China; Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China; Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China
| | - Hong-Wei Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China; Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China
| | - Dan-Feng Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China; Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China
| | - Jia-Kai Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China; Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China; Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China; Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China; Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China
| | - Pei-Hao Wen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China; Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China
| | - Jia-Hua Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China; Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China
| | - Shui-Jun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China; Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China.
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