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Chen G, Shi F, Yin W, Guo Y, Liu A, Shuai J, Sun J. Gut microbiota dysbiosis: The potential mechanisms by which alcohol disrupts gut and brain functions. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:916765. [PMID: 35966709 PMCID: PMC9372561 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.916765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a high-risk psychiatric disorder and a key cause of death and disability in individuals. In the development of AUD, there is a connection known as the microbiota-gut-brain axis, where alcohol use disrupts the gut barrier, resulting in changes in intestinal permeability as well as the gut microbiota composition, which in turn impairs brain function and worsens the patient’s mental status and gut activity. Potential mechanisms are explored by which alcohol alters gut and brain function through the effects of the gut microbiota and their metabolites on immune and inflammatory pathways. Alcohol and microbiota dysregulation regulating neurotransmitter release, including DA, 5-HT, and GABA, are also discussed. Thus, based on the above discussion, it is possible to speculate on the gut microbiota as an underlying target for the treatment of diseases associated with alcohol addiction. This review will focus more on how alcohol and gut microbiota affect the structure and function of the gut and brain, specific changes in the composition of the gut microbiota, and some measures to mitigate the changes caused by alcohol exposure. This leads to a potential intervention for alcohol addiction through fecal microbiota transplantation, which could normalize the disruption of gut microbiota after AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganggang Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fenglei Shi
- Department of Othopaedics, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Yin
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yao Guo
- Shandong Provincial Mental Health Center, Jinan, China
| | - Anru Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiacheng Shuai
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinhao Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Jinhao Sun,
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Sasamori H, Asakura T, Sugiura C, Bouchekioua Y, Nishitani N, Sato M, Yoshida T, Yamasaki M, Terao A, Watanabe M, Ohmura Y, Yoshioka M. Behavioral characteristics of dopamine D 5 receptor knockout mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6014. [PMID: 35399112 PMCID: PMC8995362 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10013-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Major psychiatric disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and schizophrenia are often accompanied by elevated impulsivity. However, anti-impulsive drug treatments are still limited. To explore a novel molecular target, we examined the role of dopamine D5 receptors in impulse control using mice that completely lack D5 receptors (D5KO mice). We also measured spontaneous activity and learning/memory ability because these deficits could confound the assessment of impulsivity. We found small but significant effects of D5 receptor knockout on home cage activity only at specific times of the day. In addition, an analysis using the q-learning model revealed that D5KO mice displayed lower behavioral adjustment after impulsive actions. However, our results also showed that baseline impulsive actions and the effects of an anti-impulsive drug in D5KO mice were comparable to those in wild-type littermates. Moreover, unlike previous studies that used other D5 receptor-deficient mouse lines, we did not observe reductions in locomotor activity, working memory deficits, or severe learning deficits in our line of D5KO mice. These findings demonstrate that D5 receptors are dispensable for impulse control. Our results also indicate that time series analysis and detailed analysis of the learning process are necessary to clarify the behavioral functions of D5 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Sasamori
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Chiaki Sugiura
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Youcef Bouchekioua
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoya Nishitani
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masaaki Sato
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yoshida
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Miwako Yamasaki
- Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akira Terao
- Department of Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Tokai University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yu Ohmura
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Mitsuhiro Yoshioka
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Yadav D, Kumar P. Restoration and targeting of aberrant neurotransmitters in Parkinson's disease therapeutics. Neurochem Int 2022; 156:105327. [PMID: 35331828 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters are considered as a fundamental regulator in the process of neuronal growth, differentiation and survival. Parkinson's Disease (PD) occurs due to extensive damage of dopamine-producing neurons; this causes dopamine deficits in the midbrain, followed by the alternation of various other neurotransmitters (glutamate, GABA, serotonin, etc.). It has been observed that fluctuation of neurotransmission in the basal ganglia exhibits a great impact on the pathophysiology of PD. Dopamine replacement therapy, such as the use of L-DOPA, can increase the dopamine level, but it majorly ameliorates the motor symptoms and is also associated with long-term complications (for e.g., LID). While the non-dopaminergic system can efficiently target non-motor symptoms, for instance, the noradrenergic system regulates the synthesis of BDNF via the MAPK pathway, which is important in learning and memory. Herein, we briefly discuss the role of different neurotransmitters, implementation of neurotransmitter receptors in PD. We also illustrate the recent advances of neurotransmitter-based drugs, which are currently under in vivo and clinical studies. Reinstating normal neurotransmitter levels has been believed to be advantageous in the treatment of PD. Thus, there is an increasing demand for drugs that can specifically target the neurotransmission system and reinstate the normal levels of neurotransmitters, which might prevent or delay neurodegeneration in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Yadav
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi, India; Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi, India; Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, 110042, India.
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Cao L, Wu L, Zhong H, Wu H, Zhang S, Meng J, Li F. Analysis of neurotransmitter catecholamines and related amines in human urine and serum by chromatography and capillary electrophoresis with 1, 3, 5, 7-tetramethyl-8-(N-hydroxysuccinimidyl propionic ester)-difluoro-boradiaza-s-indacene. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2021. [DOI: 10.1556/1326.2021.00924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTwo sensitive and effective methods were developed for the detection of catecholamines and related biogenic amines (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, serotonin, levodopa and tyramine) using high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. A BODIPY fluorescent dye, 1, 3, 5, 7-tetramethyl-8-(N-hydroxysuccinimidyl propionic ester)-difluoroboradiaza- s-indacene was used as pre-column derivatization reagent. The separation and derivatization conditions were optimized in detail. In high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection method, the derivatization reaction was completed at 35 °C for 20 min. At the wavelength of λex/λem = 493 nm/513 nm, dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and levodopa derivatives achieved baseline separation within 15 min. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) were 1.0, 2.0, 5.0, and 0.5 nmol/L, respectively. In capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection method, the derivatization reaction was completed at 25 °C for 20 min. Serotonin, tyramine and dopamine derivatives reached baseline separation within 10 min at the wavelength of λex = 473 nm. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) for serotonin, tyramine, and dopamine were 0.3, 0.02, and 0.2 nmol/L, respectively. The amino compounds in human serum and urine samples were detected successfully, and the recoveries were 93.3%–106.7% and 91.0%–103.1%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Cao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Lizhen Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Hailan Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Siyun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jianxin Meng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Fengyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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