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Guzelkaya M, Onal E, Gelinci E, Kumral A, Cakan-Akdogan G. A zebrafish model for studying the mechanisms of newborn hyperbilirubinemia and bilirubin-induced neurological damage. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1275414. [PMID: 38033855 PMCID: PMC10682072 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1275414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Unresolved neonatal hyperbilirubinemia may lead to the accumulation of excess bilirubin in the body, and bilirubin in neural tissues may induce toxicity. Bilirubin-induced neurological damage (BIND) can result in acute or chronic bilirubin encephalopathy, causing temporary or lasting neurological dysfunction or severe damage resulting in infant death. Although serum bilirubin levels are used as an indication of severity, known and unknown individual differences affect the severity of the symptoms. The mechanisms of BIND are not yet fully understood. Here, a zebrafish newborn hyperbilirubinemia model is developed and characterized. Direct exposure to excess bilirubin induced dose- and time-dependent toxicity linked to the accumulation of bilirubin in the body and brain. Introduced bilirubin was processed by the liver, which increased the tolerance of larvae. BIND in larvae was demonstrated by morphometric measurements, histopathological analyses and functional tests. The larvae that survived hyperbilirubinemia displayed mild or severe morphologies associated with defects in eye movements, body posture and swimming problems. Interestingly, a plethora of mild to severe clinical symptoms were reproduced in the zebrafish model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ebru Onal
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkiye
- Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkiye
| | | | - Abdullah Kumral
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkiye
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkiye
| | - Gulcin Cakan-Akdogan
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkiye
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkiye
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Chen R, Ma H, Li X, Wang M, Yang Y, Wu T, Zhang Y, Kong H, Qu H, Zhao Y. A Novel Drug with Potential to Treat Hyperbilirubinemia and Prevent Liver Damage Induced by Hyperbilirubinemia: Carbon Dots Derived from Platycodon grandiflorum. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062720. [PMID: 36985691 PMCID: PMC10056707 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Platycodon grandiflorum (PG) is a traditional Chinese medicine with a long history, but its active compounds have not been reported. In this study, novel carbon dots (CDs), PG-based CDs (PGC-CDs), were discovered and prepared from PG via calcinations and characterized by transmission electron microscopy; high-resolution transmission electron microscopy; X-ray diffraction, fluorescence, ultraviolet-visible, and Fourier-transform infrared spectrometers; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; and high-performance liquid chromatography. In addition, the safety and antioxidant activity of PGC-CDs was evaluated by RAW264.7 cells and LO2 cells. The therapeutic effects of PGC-CDs on hyperbilirubinemia and liver protection were evaluated in a bilirubin-induced hyperbilirubinemia mice model. The experiment confirmed that the diameter range of PGC-CDs was from 1.2 to 3.6 nm. PGC-CDs had no toxicity to RAW264.7 cells and LO2 cells at a concentration of 3.91 to 1000 µg/mL and could reduce the oxidative damage of cells caused by H2O2. PGC-CDs could inhibit the increase levels of bilirubin and inflammation factors and increase the levels of antioxidants and survival rate, demonstrating that PGC-CDs possessed anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation activity. PGC-CDs may reduce the content of bilirubin, so as to reduce a series of pathological lesions caused by bilirubin, which has potential in treating hyperbilirubinemia and preventing liver damage induced by hyperbilirubinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Huagen Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Meijun Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yunbo Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tong Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hui Kong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Huihua Qu
- Center of Scientific Experiment, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-6428-6705; Fax: +86-010-6428-6821
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Adhikari A, Bhutani VK, Mondal S, Das M, Darbar S, Ghosh R, Polley N, Das AK, Bhattacharya SS, Pal D, Mallick AK, Pal SK. Chemoprevention of bilirubin encephalopathy with a nanoceutical agent. Pediatr Res 2023; 93:827-837. [PMID: 35794251 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02179-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeted rapid degradation of bilirubin has the potential to thwart incipient bilirubin encephalopathy. We investigated a novel spinel-structured citrate-functionalized trimanganese tetroxide nanoparticle (C-Mn3O4 NP, the nanodrug) to degrade both systemic and neural bilirubin loads. METHOD Severe neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (SNH) was induced in neonatal C57BL/6j mice model with phenylhydrazine (PHz) intoxication. Efficiency of the nanodrug on both in vivo bilirubin degradation and amelioration of bilirubin encephalopathy and associated neurobehavioral sequelae were evaluated. RESULTS Single oral dose (0.25 mg kg-1 bodyweight) of the nanodrug reduced both total serum bilirubin (TSB) and unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) in SNH rodents. Significant (p < 0.0001) UCB and TSB-degradation rates were reported within 4-8 h at 1.84 ± 0.26 and 2.19 ± 0.31 mg dL-1 h-1, respectively. Neural bilirubin load was decreased by 5.6 nmol g-1 (p = 0.0002) along with improved measures of neurobehavior, neuromotor movements, learning, and memory. Histopathological studies confirm that the nanodrug prevented neural cell reduction in Purkinje and substantia nigra regions, eosinophilic neurons, spongiosis, and cell shrinkage in SNH brain parenchyma. Brain oxidative status was maintained in nanodrug-treated SNH cohort. Pharmacokinetic data corroborated the bilirubin degradation rate with plasma nanodrug concentrations. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the in vivo capacity of this novel nanodrug to reduce systemic and neural bilirubin load and reverse bilirubin-induced neurotoxicity. Further compilation of a drug-safety-dossier is warranted to translate this novel therapeutic chemopreventive approach to clinical settings. IMPACT None of the current pharmacotherapeutics treat severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (SNH) to prevent risks of neurotoxicity. In this preclinical study, a newly investigated nano-formulation, citrate-functionalized Mn3O4 nanoparticles (C-Mn3O4 NPs), exhibits bilirubin reduction properties in rodents. Chemopreventive properties of this nano-formulation demonstrate an efficacious, efficient agent that appears to be safe in these early studies. Translation of C-Mn3O4 NPs to prospective preclinical and clinical trials in appropriate in vivo models should be explored as a potential novel pharmacotherapy for SNH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Adhikari
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector 3, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700106, India
| | - Vinod K Bhutani
- Department of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 750 Welch Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Susmita Mondal
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector 3, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700106, India
| | - Monojit Das
- Department of Zoology, Uluberia College, University of Calcutta, Uluberia, Howrah, 711315, India
- Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, Rangamati, Midnapore, 721102, India
| | - Soumendra Darbar
- Research and Development Division, Dey's Medical Stores (Mfg.) Pvt. Ltd., 62 Bondel Road, Ballygunge, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Ria Ghosh
- Technical Research Centre, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector 3, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700106, India
| | - Nabarun Polley
- Physical Chemistry - innoFSPEC, University of Potsdam, Am Mühlenberg 3, Golm, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Anjan Kumar Das
- Department of Pathology, Coochbehar Govt. Medical College and Hospital, Silver Jubilee Road, Coochbehar, 736101, India
| | | | - Debasish Pal
- Department of Zoology, Uluberia College, University of Calcutta, Uluberia, Howrah, 711315, India
| | - Asim Kumar Mallick
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Nil Ratan Sirkar Medical College and Hospital, 138 AJC Bose Road, Sealdah, Rajabazar, Kolkata, 700014, India
| | - Samir Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector 3, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700106, India.
- Department of Zoology, Uluberia College, University of Calcutta, Uluberia, Howrah, 711315, India.
- Technical Research Centre, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector 3, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700106, India.
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