1
|
Hardwick RM. Commentary on Frank et al., (2003): where does learning through motor imagery lie on the perceptual-motor continuum? PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2024; 88:1840-1842. [PMID: 38112805 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-023-01910-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
In this issue, Frank et al. (2023) propose that motor imagery provides a perceptual-cognitive scaffold allowing 'perceptual' learning to transfer into 'motor' learning. The present commentary explores the perspective that changes in perception itself are often critical to the development of motor skills. Motor imagery may therefore be most beneficial for developing motor skills with high perceptual demands, such as requiring rapid action selection. Potential challenges for the perceptual-cognitive scaffold approach are identified based on the possible involvement of mechanisms involved in motor learning through movement execution, and how they may be recruited through the use of motor imagery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Hardwick
- Institute of Neurosciences, UC Louvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sarabzadeh M, Shariatzadeh M. Electroneuromyography comparison between pre-elderly adult females with and without MS; the potential role of a mind-body therapy in improving neurophysiological profile of MS during pandemic. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2024; 39:489-495. [PMID: 38876673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2024.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Imaginary exercises seem to be useful therapeutic approaches to modulate neuromuscular functions due to two main reasons: first, this training would not greatly increase body temperature, and secondly, it can positively affect brain-muscle pathways-which are both primary factors should be considered in rehabilitation programs for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). METHOD 32 pre-elderly adult females with relapsing-remitting MS (n = 16 - age M (SD): 56.75 (5.07)) and without MS (n = 16 - age M (SD): 56.56 (4.35)) voluntarily recruited. First, they were assigned into two groups: MS patients and healthy controls, to investigate baseline between-group comparison. Then, MS patients were randomly divided into two groups of eight each, designated as experimental and control groups. Recording the nerve conduction velocity (NCV) of tibial nerve and integrated electromyographic muscle activation (IEMG) of gastrocnemius muscle was conducted twice, before and after a six-week mind-body exercise therapy to evaluate its effectiveness on improving neuromuscular function. RESULTS The results showed significant difference in both tibial NCV (P < 0.001) and IEMG (P = 0.001) variables between non-MS group and MS group. Furthermore, there was a significant main effect of intervention (P = 0.05) and time (P < 0.001) on IEMG in the MS group, while there was no significant effect of intervention (P = 0.18) and time (P = 0.23) on NCV (p = 0.89). CONCLUSION Neuromuscular dysfunction were apparent in MS patients, and a mind-body therapy of imagery isometric training was found to be useful on improving the neurological deficit in women with MS. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER UMIN000046935.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Sarabzadeh
- Research Associate in Exercise Physiology & Neurophysiotherapy, Iran's National Elites Foundation (INEF), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Shariatzadeh
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Sport Sciences Research Institute, Tehran, Iran. Tel: 0989122914857.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dahm SF, Sachse P. Let's do it: Response times in Mental Paper Folding and its execution. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2024:17470218241249727. [PMID: 38616184 DOI: 10.1177/17470218241249727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Action imagery is the ability to mentally simulate the execution of an action without physically performing it. Action imagery is assumed to rely at least partly on similar mechanisms as action execution. Therefore, we expected that imagery and execution durations would be constrained by the number of folds in a Paper Folding Task. Analogously, individual differences in execution durations were expected to be reflected in imagery durations. Twenty-eight participants performed two imagery conditions (computer vs. paper) and one execution condition (paper) where two-dimensional grids of a three-dimensional cube were (mentally) folded to determine whether two selected edges overlapped or not. As expected, imagery performance and execution performance were strongly correlated and decreased with the number of folds. Further, the number of folds influenced imagery durations even more than execution durations. This may be due to the additional cognitive load in imagery that emerges when tracking the folds to follow up with the next ones. The results indicate that Mental Paper Folding predominantly involves dynamic visual representations that are not functionally associated with one's own movements as in action imagery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Frederic Dahm
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Sports Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Pierre Sachse
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Sports Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Moreno-Verdú M, Hamoline G, Van Caenegem EE, Waltzing BM, Forest S, Valappil AC, Khan AH, Chye S, Esselaar M, Campbell MJ, McAllister CJ, Kraeutner SN, Poliakoff E, Frank C, Eaves DL, Wakefield C, Boe SG, Holmes PS, Bruton AM, Vogt S, Wright DJ, Hardwick RM. Guidelines for reporting action simulation studies (GRASS): Proposals to improve reporting of research in motor imagery and action observation. Neuropsychologia 2024; 192:108733. [PMID: 37956956 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Researchers from multiple disciplines have studied the simulation of actions through motor imagery, action observation, or their combination. Procedures used in these studies vary considerably between research groups, and no standardized approach to reporting experimental protocols has been proposed. This has led to under-reporting of critical details, impairing the assessment, replication, synthesis, and potential clinical translation of effects. We provide an overview of issues related to the reporting of information in action simulation studies, and discuss the benefits of standardized reporting. We propose a series of checklists that identify key details of research protocols to include when reporting action simulation studies. Each checklist comprises A) essential methodological details, B) essential details that are relevant to a specific mode of action simulation, and C) further points that may be useful on a case-by-case basis. We anticipate that the use of these guidelines will improve the understanding, reproduction, and synthesis of studies using action simulation, and enhance the translation of research using motor imagery and action observation to applied and clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Moreno-Verdú
- Brain, Action, And Skill Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience (Cognition and Systems Division), UC Louvain, Belgium; Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Gautier Hamoline
- Brain, Action, And Skill Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience (Cognition and Systems Division), UC Louvain, Belgium
| | - Elise E Van Caenegem
- Brain, Action, And Skill Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience (Cognition and Systems Division), UC Louvain, Belgium
| | - Baptiste M Waltzing
- Brain, Action, And Skill Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience (Cognition and Systems Division), UC Louvain, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Forest
- Brain, Action, And Skill Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience (Cognition and Systems Division), UC Louvain, Belgium
| | - Ashika C Valappil
- Simulating Movements to Improve Learning and Execution (SMILE) Research Group, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, UK
| | - Adam H Khan
- Simulating Movements to Improve Learning and Execution (SMILE) Research Group, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, UK
| | - Samantha Chye
- Simulating Movements to Improve Learning and Execution (SMILE) Research Group, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, UK
| | - Maaike Esselaar
- Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK
| | - Mark J Campbell
- Lero Esports Science Research Lab, Physical Education & Sport Sciences Department & Lero the Science Foundation Ireland Centre for Software Research, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Craig J McAllister
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Sport Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Sarah N Kraeutner
- Neuroplasticity, Imagery, And Motor Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Psychology & Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Canada
| | - Ellen Poliakoff
- Body Eyes and Movement (BEAM) Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Cornelia Frank
- Cognition, Imagery and Learning in Action Laboratory, Department of Sports and Movement Science, School of Educational and Cultural Studies, Osnabrueck University, Germany
| | - Daniel L Eaves
- Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | | | - Shaun G Boe
- Laboratory for Brain Recovery and Function, School of Physiotherapy and Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Canada
| | - Paul S Holmes
- Research Centre for Health, Psychology and Communities, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Education, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK
| | - Adam M Bruton
- Simulating Movements to Improve Learning and Execution (SMILE) Research Group, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, UK; : Centre for Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, UK
| | - Stefan Vogt
- Perception and Action Group, Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, UK
| | - David J Wright
- Research Centre for Health, Psychology and Communities, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Education, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK
| | - Robert M Hardwick
- Brain, Action, And Skill Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience (Cognition and Systems Division), UC Louvain, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Binks JA, Wilson CJ, Van Schaik P, Eaves DL. Motor learning without physical practice: The effects of combined action observation and motor imagery practice on cup-stacking speed. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2023; 68:102468. [PMID: 37665909 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study we explored training effects for combined action observation and motor imagery (AO + MI) instructions on a complex cup-stacking task, without physical practice. Using a Graeco-Latin Square design, we randomly assigned twenty-six participants into four groups. This counterbalanced the within-participant factor of practice condition (AO + MI, AO, MI, Control) across four cup-stacking tasks, which varied in their complexity. On each of the three consecutive practice days participants experienced twenty trials under each of the three mental practice conditions. On each trial, a first-person perspective video depicted bilateral cup-stacking performed by an experienced model. During AO, participants passively observed this action, responding only to occasional colour cues. For AO + MI, participants imagined performing the observed action and synchronised their concurrent MI with the display. For MI, a sequence of pictures cued imagery of each stage of the task. Analyses revealed a significant main effect of practice condition both at the 'surprise' post-test (Day 3) and at the one-week retention test. At both time points movement execution times were significantly shorter for AO + MI compared with AO, MI and the Control. Execution times were also shorter overall at the retention compared with the post-test. These results demonstrate that a complex novel motor task can be acquired without physical training. Practitioners can therefore use AO + MI practice to supplement physical practice and optimise skill learning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Binks
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Humanities & Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK.
| | - C J Wilson
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Humanities & Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - P Van Schaik
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Humanities & Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - D L Eaves
- Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Stuerner J, Sehle A, Liepert J. Extrinsic feedback facilitates mental chronometry abilities in stroke patients. NeuroRehabilitation 2023; 53:347-354. [PMID: 37927280 PMCID: PMC10741321 DOI: 10.3233/nre-230093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motor imagery (MI) can serve as a treatment for stroke rehabilitation. MI abilities can be assessed by testing mental chronometry (MC) as the degree of conformity between imagined and real performance of a task. A good MC performance is supposed to indicate good MI capacities. OBJECTIVE To explore if MC abilities can be modified by extrinsic feedback in stroke patients. METHODS 60 subacute stroke patients were randomized into three groups. MC was evaluated by executing a modified version of the Box and Block Test (BBT) mentally and in real before and after a training session. For Groups 1 and 2 the training consisted of repeated performance of the BBT in a mental and then a real version. The time needed to complete each task was measured. Only participants of Group 1 received feedback about how well mental and real performance matched. Group 3 executed the same number of BBTs but without MI. RESULTS MC ability only improved in Group 1. The improvement lasted for at least 24 hours. In all groups, BBT real performance was improved post-training. CONCLUSION External feedback was able to enhance MC capability which might be an approach for improving MI abilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Stuerner
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Lurija Institute, Kliniken Schmieder, Allensbach, Germany
| | - Aida Sehle
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Lurija Institute, Kliniken Schmieder, Allensbach, Germany
| | - Joachim Liepert
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Lurija Institute, Kliniken Schmieder, Allensbach, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xiong F, Liao X, Xiao J, Bai X, Huang J, Zhang B, Li F, Li P. Emerging Limb Rehabilitation Therapy After Post-stroke Motor Recovery. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:863379. [PMID: 35401147 PMCID: PMC8984121 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.863379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke, including hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke, refers to the blood supply disorder in the local brain tissue for various reasons (aneurysm, occlusion, etc.). It leads to regional brain circulation imbalance, neurological complications, limb motor dysfunction, aphasia, and depression. As the second-leading cause of death worldwide, stroke poses a significant threat to human life characterized by high mortality, disability, and recurrence. Therefore, the clinician has to care about the symptoms of stroke patients in the acute stage and formulate an effective postoperative rehabilitation plan to facilitate the recovery in patients. We summarize a novel application and update of the rehabilitation therapy in limb motor rehabilitation of stroke patients to provide a potential future stroke rehabilitation strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xiong
- Department of Operation Room, The First People’s Hospital of Jiande, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Liao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People’s Hospital of Jiande, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People’s Hospital of Jiande, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People’s Hospital of Jiande, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People’s Hospital of Jiande, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People’s Hospital of Jiande, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People’s Hospital of Jiande, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People’s Hospital of Jiande, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Pengfei Li,
| |
Collapse
|