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Liu Y, Leng C, Li Y, Zhou M, Ye X, Li C, Xia X, Sun B, Shu X, Liu W. A novel p55PIK signaling peptide inhibitor alleviates neuroinflammation via the STAT3/NF-kB signaling pathway in experimental stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2024; 33:107736. [PMID: 38679216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2024.107736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke remains the predominant contributor to mortality and disability globally. Microglia undergo rapid activation and initiate inflammatory cascade reactions by phenotypic polarization, participating in the regulation of inflammatory injury and tissue repair post-ischemic stroke. Regulating microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is a promising therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke. Previously, we designed and synthesized a novel p55PIK inhibitor, TAT-N15 polypeptide, which presents inhibitive activity on NF-κB signaling-mediated inflammation in acute conjunctivitis and allergic rhinitis. The present study aimed to explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism of TAT-N15 on ischemia stroke. METHODS The mouse model of transient cerebral ischemia was made using the intraluminal filament method. After being treated with daily intraperitoneal injections of TAT-N15 (10 mg/kg) for 7 d, the neurological outcomes and the cerebral infarction volume were evaluated. Histopathology of the ischemia cerebral hemisphere was observed by H&E and Nissl staining. Neuronal survival, astrogliosis, and co-labeling of CD86/Iba1 and CD206/Iba1 were detected by immunofluorescence. The cell apoptosis was estimated by TUNEL staining. The expression levels of apoptosis-associated proteins, proinflammatory cytokines, protein markers of M1 and M2 microglia, and the phosphorylation of NF-κB and STAT3 proteins in the ischemic penumbra were detected by Western blot. RESULTS TAT-N15 treatment significantly decreased the infarct volume and alleviated neurological functional impairment, neuronal injury, and neuron apoptosis. Meanwhile, TAT-N15 treatment restrained the activation of microglia and astrocytes as well as the protein expression of proinflammatory cytokine in ischemic penumbra. Additionally, the administration of TAT-N15 treatment resulted in a significant reduction in the density of M1 phenotype microglia while concurrently increasing the density of M2 phenotype microglia within the ischemic penumbra. Finally, mechanical analysis unveiled that TAT-N15 exerted a substantial inhibitory effect on the protein expression of phosphorylated STAT3 and NF-κB. CONCLUSION TAT-N15 may inhibit neuroinflammation via regulating microglia activation and polarization through the STAT3/NF-κB pathway, which exhibits the neuroprotection effect in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorder, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Changlong Leng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorder, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Youwei Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorder, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Meiling Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorder, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Xiansheng Ye
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorder, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Chaoxing Li
- Wuhan Yicheng Biotechnology Co., Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xianmin Xia
- Wuhan Yicheng Biotechnology Co., Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Binlian Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorder, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Xiji Shu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorder, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorder, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China.
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Mu F, Lin R, Lu X, Zhao M, Zhao J, Huang S, Guo C, Guan Y, Zhang H, Xi M, Wang J, Tang H. Protective effect and mechanism of styrax on ischemic stroke rats: metabonomic insights by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS analysis. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:1318-1331. [PMID: 37621078 PMCID: PMC10461497 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2246501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Styrax is used for prevention and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To elucidate styrax's anti-ischemic stroke protective effects and underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS An ischemic-stroke rat model was established based on middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to the following groups (n = 10) and administered intragastrically once a day for 7 consecutive days: sham, model, nimodipine (24 mg/kg), styrax-L (0.1 g/kg), styrax-M (0.2 g/kg) and styrax-H (0.4 g/kg). Neurological function, biochemical assessment, and ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS)-based serum metabonomics were used to elucidate styrax's cerebral protective effects and mechanisms. Pearson correlation and western blot analyses were performed to verify. RESULTS The addition of 0.4 g/kg styrax significantly reduced cerebral infarct volume and neurobehavioral abnormality score. Different doses of styrax also decrease MDA, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, and increase SOD and GSH-Px in ischemic-stroke rats (p < 0.05; MDA, p < 0.05 only at 0.4 g/kg dose). Biochemical indicators and metabolic-profile analyses (PCA, PLS-DA, and OPLS-DA) also supported styrax's protective effects. Endogenous metabolites (22) were identified in ischemic-stroke rats, and these perturbations were reversible via styrax intervention, which is predominantly involved in energy metabolism, glutathione and glutamine metabolism, and other metabolic processes. Additionally, styrax significantly upregulated phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase and glutaminase brain-tissue expression. CONCLUSION Styrax treatment could ameliorate ischemic-stroke rats by intervening with energy metabolism and glutamine metabolism. This can help us understand the mechanism of styrax, inspiring more clinical application and promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Mu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Rui Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Xueyan Lu
- Reproductive Medical Center, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Meina Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, P.R. China
| | - Shaojie Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Chao Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Yue Guan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Haiyue Zhang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Miaomiao Xi
- TANK Medicinal Biology Institute of Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Haifeng Tang
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
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Zheng Y, Li X, Kuang L, Wang Y. New insights into the characteristics of DRAK2 and its role in apoptosis: From molecular mechanisms to clinically applied potential. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1014508. [PMID: 36386181 PMCID: PMC9649744 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1014508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As a member of the death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) family, DAP kinase-associated apoptosis-inducing kinase 2 (DRAK2) performs apoptosis-related functions. Compelling evidence suggests that DRAK2 is involved in regulating the activation of T lymphocytes as well as pancreatic β-cell apoptosis in type I diabetes. In addition, DRAK2 has been shown to be involved in the development of related tumor and non-tumor diseases through a variety of mechanisms, including exacerbation of alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) through SRSF6-associated RNA selective splicing mechanism, regulation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia, and progression of colorectal cancer. This review focuses on the structure, function, and upstream pathways of DRAK2 and discusses the potential and challenges associated with the clinical application of DRAK2-based small-molecule inhibitors, with the aim of advancing DRAK2 research.
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