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Tyagi S, Thakur AK. Effect of Capsaicin on 3-NP-Induced Neurotoxicity: A Pre-Clinical Study. Neurochem Res 2024:10.1007/s11064-024-04158-0. [PMID: 38814358 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04158-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The study objectives are to investigate the ability of capsaicin to revert the toxic effects in glutamate and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neurotoxicity in Neuro2a (N2a) cells as well as thwarting cognitive impairments, mitochondrial deficits, and oxidative insults induced by 3-nitropropanoic acid (3-NP) in a rodent model of Huntington's disease. In-vitro study with N2a cells was performed through MTT and LDH assay and their biochemical examinations were also performed. 3-NP-administered mice (n = 6) were treated with capsaicin (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg) through the per-oral (p.o.) route for 7 consecutive days. Physiological and behavioral studies were performed in drug-treated mice. After behavioral studies, biochemical parameters were performed for cytokines levels, various oxidative stress parameters, and mitochondrial enzyme complex activities with mitochondrial permeability. N2a cells treated with capsaicin demonstrated neuroprotective effects and reduced neurotoxicity. Based on experimental observation, in an in-vitro study, the effective dose of CAP was 50 µM. Moreover, a 100 µM dose of capsaicin had toxic effects on neuronal cells (N2a cells). On the other hand, the effective dose of 3-NP was 20 mg/kg, (p.o.) in animals (in-vivo). All tested doses of capsaicin upturned the cognitive impairment and motor in-coordination effects induced by 3-NP. 3-NP-injected mice demonstrated substantially increased pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations, defective mitochondrial complex activity, and augmented oxidative insult. However, capsaicin at different doses reduced oxidative damage and cytokines levels and improved mitochondrial complex activity along with mitochondrial permeability. Furthermore, capsaicin (10 and 20 mg/kg) improved the TNF-α concentration. These findings suggested because of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect, capsaicin can be considered a novel treatment for the management of neurodegenerative disorders by reverting the antioxidant enzyme activity, pro-inflammatory cytokines concentration, and mitochondrial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Tyagi
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110 017, India
| | - Ajit Kumar Thakur
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110 017, India.
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Makhdoomi S, Fadaiie A, Mohammadi M, Ranjbar A, Haddadi R. Quercetin's Restorative Properties in Male Mice with 3-Nitropropionic Acid-induced Huntington-like Symptoms: Molecular Docking, Behavioral, and Biochemical Assessment. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01302-z. [PMID: 38760648 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01302-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The neurotoxicity of 3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NP) is well known. Herein, the prophylactic versus therapeutic effects of quercetin (QCT) were investigated against 3-NP-induced behavioral anomalies and oxidative neural damage. Thirty male mice were assigned into five groups; the negative control group, the QCT group (25 mg/kg/day, p.o. for 21 days), the 3-NP group (17 days), the prophylactic group (QCT administration for 14 consecutive days, and then 3-NP was administrated), the therapeutic group (3-NP was administrated and then QCT for 21 days). At the end of the animal treatment, behavioral studies were assessed. Subsequently, the brain sample tissues were assessed for oxidative stress-related parameters and histological evaluation. Moreover, the potential interaction between 3-NP and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) was evaluated by using a molecular docking study. 3-NP markedly led to neurotoxicity which was indicated by behavioral deficits (motor behavior, depression-like behavior, memory dysfunction, and passive avoidance) and oxidative damage. Blind and targeted molecular docking results showed good interaction between 3-NP and TNF-α. However, the prophylactic effects of QCT were superior to the therapeutic effects for attenuating 3-NP-induced neurobehavioral and oxidative neural changes in experimental mice, which histological changes of the brain's striatum region approved our findings. Taken together, the antioxidant activity of QCT remarkably could attenuate 3-NP-induced neurobehavioral deficits and mitochondrial dysfunctions in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Makhdoomi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Fadaiie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mojdeh Mohammadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Akram Ranjbar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rasool Haddadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
- Medicinal Plant and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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Haddadi R, Eyvari-Brooshghalan S, Makhdoomi S, Fadaiie A, Komaki A, Daneshvar A. Neuroprotective effects of silymarin in 3-nitropropionic acid-induced neurotoxicity in male mice: improving behavioral deficits by attenuating oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:2447-2463. [PMID: 37847410 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02776-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NP) is strongly believed to be an irreversible inhibitor of mitochondrial complex II, leading to neural damage. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of silymarin against 3-NP-induced neurotoxicity in male mice. Six-week-old mice received subacute doses of 3-NP intraperitoneally for 17 days. Mice were given silymarin (70 mg/kg/day, P.O.) for 2 weeks before 3-NP administration or for 4 weeks after 3-NP administration. At the end of the treatment schedule, animals were evaluated for behavioral alterations. Subsequently, neuronal damage in the hippocampus region of the brain tissues, oxidative stress-related parameters (lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and total antioxidant capacity), and pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-1β) levels were evaluated. Our results indicated that 3-NP treatment significantly (p < 0.05) tended to reduce motor coordination, memory, and neuronal antioxidant status while increasing pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. However, silymarin in both treatment and pretreatment protocols markedly (p < 0.05) attenuated the behavioral deficits, oxidative stress status, and neuroinflammation. The results of the current study suggest that the neuroprotective effect of silymarin against 3-NP-induced neurotoxicity might be due to the mitigation of oxidative stress status and provide insight into the therapeutic potential of silymarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasool Haddadi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Plant and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6517838678, Iran.
| | - Shahla Eyvari-Brooshghalan
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sajjad Makhdoomi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Plant and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6517838678, Iran
| | - Ahmad Fadaiie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Plant and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6517838678, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Afsoon Daneshvar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Plant and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6517838678, Iran
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Witmer A, Bhanu B. Iterative pseudo balancing for stem cell microscopy image classification. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4489. [PMID: 38396157 PMCID: PMC10891062 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54993-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Many critical issues arise when training deep neural networks using limited biological datasets. These include overfitting, exploding/vanishing gradients and other inefficiencies which are exacerbated by class imbalances and can affect the overall accuracy of a model. There is a need to develop semi-supervised models that can reduce the need for large, balanced, manually annotated datasets so that researchers can easily employ neural networks for experimental analysis. In this work, Iterative Pseudo Balancing (IPB) is introduced to classify stem cell microscopy images while performing on the fly dataset balancing using a student-teacher meta-pseudo-label framework. In addition, multi-scale patches of multi-label images are incorporated into the network training to provide previously inaccessible image features with both local and global information for effective and efficient learning. The combination of these inputs is shown to increase the classification accuracy of the proposed deep neural network by 3[Formula: see text] over baseline, which is determined to be statistically significant. This work represents a novel use of pseudo-labeling for data limited settings, which are common in biological image datasets, and highlights the importance of the exhaustive use of available image features for improving performance of semi-supervised networks. The proposed methods can be used to reduce the need for expensive manual dataset annotation and in turn accelerate the pace of scientific research involving non-invasive cellular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Witmer
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
| | - Bir Bhanu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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Badini F, Mirshekar MA, Shahraki S, Fanaei H, Bayrami A. Neuroprotective effects of levothyroxine on cognition deficits and memory in an experimental model of Huntington's disease in rats: An electrophysiological study. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03006-w. [PMID: 38372755 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03006-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive deficits and motor function. Levothyroxine (L-T4) is a synthetic form of Thyroxine (T4), which can improve cognitive ability. The aim of the present study was to determine the neuroprotective effect of L-T4 administration in rats with 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP)-induced Huntington's disease. Forty-eight Wistar male rats were divided into six groups (n = 8): Group 1 control group that received physiological saline, Group 2 and 3: which received L-T4 (30 and 100 μg/kg), Group 4: HD group that received 3-NP and Groups 5 and 6: The treatment of the HD rats with L-T4 (30 and 100 μg/kg). Spatial memory, locomotor activity, and frequency of neuronal firing were assessed. After decapitation, the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels in the striatum was measured. The results showed that the indices of spatial memory (mean path length and latency time) and motor dysfunction (immobility time) significantly increased, while time spent in the goal quadrant, swimming speed, spike rate, and striatum levels of BDNF significantly decreased in the HD group compared to the control group. L-T4 treatment significantly enhanced time spent in the goal quadrant, swimming speed, motor activity (number of line crossing and rearing), spike rate and striatal BDNF level. This research showed that L-T4 prevented the disruption of motor activity and cognitive deficiencies induced by 3-NP. The beneficial effects of L-T4 may be due to an increase in the concentration of BDNF and enhancement of the spike rate in the striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Badini
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mirshekar
- Clinical Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
| | - Samira Shahraki
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Hamed Fanaei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
- Pregnancy Health Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Bayrami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
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Wells RG, Azzam AF, Hiller AL, Sardinia MF. Effects of an Angiotensin IV Analog on 3-Nitropropionic Acid-Induced Huntington's Disease-Like Symptoms in Rats. J Huntingtons Dis 2024; 13:55-66. [PMID: 38489193 DOI: 10.3233/jhd-231507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Background Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor, cognitive, and psychiatric dysfunction caused by a mutant huntingtin protein. Compromised metabolic activity resulting from systemic administration of the mitochondrial toxin, 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP), is known to mimic the pathology of HD and induce HD-like symptoms in rats. N-hexanoic-Tyr-Ile-(6)-amino hexanoic amide (PNB-0408), also known as Dihexa, has been shown to have neuroprotective and procognitive properties in animal models of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Given the mechanism of action and success in other neurodegenerative diseases, we felt it an appropriate compound to investigate further for HD. Objective The present study was designed to test if PNB-0408, an angiotensin IV analog, could attenuate 3-NP-induced HD-like symptoms in rats and serve as a potential therapeutic agent. Methods Forty male Wistar rats were randomized into three groups consisting of a "vehicle" group, a "3-NP" group, and a "3-NP + PNB-0408" group. PNB-0408 was administered along with chronic exposure to 3-NP. Animal body weight, motor function, and cognitive abilities were measured for five weeks, before euthanasia and histopathological analysis. Results Exposure to 3-NP decreased the amount of weight rats gained, impaired spatial learning and memory consolidation, and led to marked motor dysfunction. From our observations and analysis, PNB-0408 did not protect rats from the deficits induced by 3-NP neurotoxicity. Conclusions Our findings suggest that PNB-0408 may not be an efficacious treatment strategy for preventing 3-NP-induced HD-like symptoms in a preclinical model. These data highlight the need for further research of this compound in alternate models and/or alternative approaches to managing this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell G Wells
- Department of Biology, Whitworth University, Spokane, WA, USA
- School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Azzam F Azzam
- Department of Biology, Whitworth University, Spokane, WA, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Amie L Hiller
- School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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El-Deeb AM, Mohamed AF, El-Yamany MF, El-Tanbouly DM. Novel trajectories of the NK1R antagonist aprepitant in rotenone-induced Parkinsonism-like symptoms in rats: Involvement of ERK5/KLF4/p62/Nrf2 signaling axis. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 380:110562. [PMID: 37224993 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of the interplay between autophagy and oxidative stress is vital in maintaining neuronal homeostasis during neurotoxicity. The interesting involvement of NK1 receptor (NK1R) in neurodegeneration has highlighted the value of investigating the neuroprotective effect of aprepitant (Aprep), an NK1R antagonist in Parkinson's disease (PD). This study was conducted to disclose Aprep's ability to modulate extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5/Krüppel-like factor 4 (ERK5/KLF4) cue as molecular signaling implicated in regulating autophagy and redox signaling in response to rotenone neurotoxicity. Rotenone (1.5 mg/kg) was administered on alternate days, and rats were given Aprep simultaneously with or without PD98059, an ERK inhibitor, for 21 days. Aprep ameliorated motor deficits as verified by restored histological features, and intact neurons count in SN and striata along with tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in SN. The molecular signaling of Aprep was illustrated by the expression of KLF4 following the phosphorylation of its upstream target, ERK5. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was up-regulated, shifting the oxidant/antioxidant balance towards the antioxidant side, as evidenced by elevated GSH and suppressed MDA levels. In parallel, Aprep noticeably reduced phosphorylated α-synuclein aggregates due to autophagy induction as emphasized by marked LC3II/LC3I elevation and p62 level reduction. These effects were diminished upon PD98059 pre-administration. In conclusion, Aprep showed neuroprotective effects against rotenone-induced PD, which may be partially attributed to the activation of the ERK5/KLF4 signaling pathway. It modulated p62-mediated autophagy and Nrf2 axis which act cooperatively to counter rotenone-associated neurotoxicity pointing to Aprep's prospect as a curious candidate in PD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M El-Deeb
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed F El-Yamany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562, Egypt
| | - Dalia M El-Tanbouly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562, Egypt
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Ahamad S, Bhat SA. The Emerging Landscape of Small-Molecule Therapeutics for the Treatment of Huntington's Disease. J Med Chem 2022; 65:15993-16032. [PMID: 36490325 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene (HTT). The new insights into HD's cellular and molecular pathways have led to the identification of numerous potent small-molecule therapeutics for HD therapy. The field of HD-targeting small-molecule therapeutics is accelerating, and the approval of these therapeutics to combat HD may be expected in the near future. For instance, preclinical candidates such as naphthyridine-azaquinolone, AN1, AN2, CHDI-00484077, PRE084, EVP4593, and LOC14 have shown promise for further optimization to enter into HD clinical trials. This perspective aims to summarize the advent of small-molecule therapeutics at various stages of clinical development for HD therapy, emphasizing their structure and design, therapeutic effects, and specific mechanisms of action. Further, we have highlighted the key drivers involved in HD pathogenesis to provide insights into the basic principle for designing promising anti-HD therapeutic leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakir Ahamad
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh202002, India
| | - Shahnawaz A Bhat
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh202002, India
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Obinna UCHEWAO, Shallom EMECHETAS, Ogugua EGWUA, Joy EDEC, Augustine IBEGBUO. Neuromodulatory roles of PIPER GUINEENSE and honey against Lead-Induced neurotoxicity in social interactive behaviors and motor activities in rat models. AIMS Neurosci 2022; 9:460-478. [PMID: 36660078 PMCID: PMC9826751 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2022026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Piper guineense and honey contain antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties that can help restore neuronal and other cell damage. To investigate the neuromodulatory roles of p. guineense and honey against lead toxicity on the hippocampus and cerebellum, impairing social behaviors and motor activities. Methodology Thirty Wistar rats were separated into six groups of five rats each, marked with dye. Group A served as control; B was untreated lead; C was a medium dose of the extract (50 mg/kg) and honey (1000 mg/kg); D was a high dose of the extract (80 mg/kg) and honey (1500 mg/kg); E received extract (80 mg/kg), and F received honey (1500 mg/kg). All groups received 110 mg/kg of lead orally, except the control. Social interaction, antidepressant effects, and motor activities were studied using a sociability chamber (SC), Forced Swim Test (FST), and String methods. A blood sample was used to evaluate glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione oxide transaminase (GOT), while the lipid level was estimated using cerebellar homogenate. Neuronal damage, vacuolation, necrosis, cell degeneration, and alterations in both hippocampus and cerebellum marked untreated group, with decreased GPx and GOT activities followed by impaired motor activities, social behavior, memory, and motivation. Using SCT, group B spent significantly lesser time (47.60 ± 47.60) with stranger 1 compared to A (138.20 ± 34.05), while group C spent considerably more time with stranger 1 (86.80 ± 30.32) than group B at P ≥ 0.05. The treatment increased the enzyme level and restored histoarchitecture (Figures 1-12), improving motor activities, social behavior, memory, motivation, and social affiliation (Tables 3, 4, 2, and 6). The extract and honey may be helpful as neuromodulators in lead toxicity in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- UCHEWA O. Obinna
- * Correspondence: E-mail: ; Tel: +2348172628746 or +2347061644732
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Nano-ivabradine averts behavioral anomalies in Huntington's disease rat model via modulating Rhes/m-tor pathway. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 111:110368. [PMID: 34087391 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is characterized by abnormal involuntary movements together with cognitive impairment and disrupted mood changes. 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) is one of the chemo-toxic models used to address the striatal neurotoxicity pattern encountered in HD. This study aims to explain the neuroprotective effect of nano-formulated ivabradine (nano IVA) in enhancing behavioral changes related to 3-NP model and to identify the involvement of ras homolog enriched striatum (Rhes)/mammalian target of rapamycin (m-Tor) mediated autophagy pathway. Rats were divided into 6 groups, the first 3 groups received saline (control), ivabradine (IVA), nano IVA respectively, the fourth received a daily dose of 3-NP (20 mg/kg, s.c) for 2 weeks, the fifth received 3-NP + IVA (1 mg/kg, into the tail vein, every other day for 1 week) and the last group received 3-NP + nano IVA (1 mg/kg, i.v, every other day for 1 week). Interestingly, nano IVA reversed motor disabilities, improved memory function and overcame the psychiatric changes. It boosted expression of autophagy markers combined with down regulation of Rhes, m-Tor and b-cell lymphoma 2 protein levels. Also, it restored the normal level of neurotransmitters and myocardial function related-proteins. Histopathological examination revealed a preserved striatal structure with decreased number of darkly-degenerated neurons. In conclusion, the outcomes of this study provide a well-recognized clue for the promising neuroprotective effect of IVA and the implication of autophagy and Rhes/m-Tor pathways in the 3-NP induced HD and highlight the fact that nano formulations of IVA would be an auspicious approach in HD therapy.
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Zhu H, Cong L, Chen Y, Chen S, Chen L, Huang Z, Zhou J, Xiao J, Huang Y, Su D. Efficiency of donepezil in elderly patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery due to underlying post-operative cognitive dysfunction: study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Trials 2021; 22:688. [PMID: 34627332 PMCID: PMC8501596 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05648-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is an overarching term used to describe cognitive impairment identified in the preoperative or post-operative period. After surgical operations, older patients are particularly vulnerable to memory disturbances and other types of cognitive impairment. However, the pathogenesis of POCD remains unclear with no confirmed preventable or treatable strategy available. Our previous study demonstrated that the concentration of choline acetyl transferase in the cerebral spinal fluid was a predictive factor of POCD and that donepezil, which is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used in clinical settings for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, can prevent learning and memory impairment after anaesthesia/surgery in aged mice. This study aimed to determine the critical role of donepezil in preventing cognitive impairment in elderly patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery. METHODS A multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial will be performed to assess the efficacy of donepezil in elderly patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery. Participants (n = 360) will receive donepezil (5 mg once daily) or placebo from 1 day prior to surgery until 5 days after surgery. Neuropsychological tests will be measured at 1 day before the operation and 1 week, 1 month, 6 months and 1 year after the operation. DISCUSSION This research project mainly aimed to study the effects of donepezil in elderly patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery due to underlying POCD and to investigate the underlying physiological and neurobiological mechanisms of these effects. The results may provide important implications for the development of effective interfering strategies, specifically regarding cognitive dysfunction therapy using drugs. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04423276 . Registered on 14 June 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huichen Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Lu Cong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Shaoyi Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Lingke Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Zhenling Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yonglei Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Diansan Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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Lum PT, Sekar M, Gan SH, Bonam SR, Shaikh MF. Protective Effect of Natural Products against Huntington's Disease: An Overview of Scientific Evidence and Understanding Their Mechanism of Action. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:391-418. [PMID: 33475334 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD), a neurodegenerative disease, normally starts in the prime of adult life, followed by a gradual occurrence of characteristic psychiatric disturbances and cognitive and motor dysfunction. To the best of our knowledge, there is no treatment available to completely mitigate the progression of HD. Among various therapeutic approaches, exhaustive literature reports have confirmed the medicinal benefits of natural products in HD experimental models. Building on this information, this review presents a brief overview of the neuroprotective mechanism(s) of natural products against in vitro/in vivo models of HD. Relevant studies were identified from several scientific databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar. After screening through literature from 2005 to the present, a total of 14 medicinal plant species and 30 naturally isolated compounds investigated against HD based on either in vitro or in vivo models were included in the present review. Behavioral outcomes in the HD in vivo model showed that natural compounds significantly attenuated 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) induced memory loss and motor incoordination. The biochemical alteration has been markedly alleviated with reduced lipid peroxidation, increased endogenous enzymatic antioxidants, reduced acetylcholinesterase activity, and increased mitochondrial energy production. Interestingly, following treatment with certain natural products, 3-NP-induced damage in the striatum was ameliorated, as seen histologically. Overall, natural products afforded varying degrees of neuroprotection in preclinical studies of HD via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, preservation of mitochondrial function, inhibition of apoptosis, and induction of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Teng Lum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh, 30450 Perak, Malaysia
| | - Mahendran Sekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh, 30450 Perak, Malaysia
| | - Siew Hua Gan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Srinivasa Reddy Bonam
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe-Immunopathologie et Immunointervention Thérapeutique, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris 75006, France
| | - Mohd. Farooq Shaikh
- Neuropharmacology Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
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Khodagholi F, Maleki A, Motamedi F, Mousavi MA, Rafiei S, Moslemi M. Oxytocin Prevents the Development of 3-NP-Induced Anxiety and Depression in Male and Female Rats: Possible Interaction of OXTR and mGluR2. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 42:1105-1123. [PMID: 33201416 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-01003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is a progressive neurological disorder with dominant motor symptoms. It also has psychiatric manifestations, like anxiety and depression, that can emerge themselves before motor symptoms and impose a major burden on patients. Oxytocin (OXT) is a newly emerged treatment for disorders like autism and schizophrenia and recently is using to alleviate depression and anxiety. In the current study, we investigated the behavioral and molecular effects of OXT on the development of anxiety and depression in 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP)-induced model of HD. Anxiety- and depression-like behaviors as well as the levels of oxytocin receptor (OXTR), metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) 2, mGluR5, and glutathione (GSH) were measured in striatum, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and amygdala. Also, we questioned if sex had any modulatory effect. We found that 3-NP increased anxiety and depression compared to controls. It also reduced the levels of OXTR and mGluR2, increased mGluR5, and reduced GSH in studied brain regions. Pretreatment with OXT before the injection of 3-NP ameliorated anxiety and depression. Additionally, it protected the brain from developing low levels of OXTR, mGluR2, and GSH and high levels of mGluR5 in studied regions. The protective effects of OXT were similar between male and female animals. These data suggest that OXTR, mGluR2, mGluR5, and GSH may contribute to psychiatric manifestations of HD. In addition, pretreatment with OXT could prevent the mood changes in male and female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Maleki
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Motamedi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Alsadat Mousavi
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrbanoo Rafiei
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Moslemi
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Dopamine-loaded poly (butyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles reverse behavioral deficits in Parkinson’s animal models. Ther Deliv 2020; 11:387-399. [DOI: 10.4155/tde-2020-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurological disorder resulting from decreased dopamine (DA) secretion in the brain, which reflects impaired motor function. Thus, a drug-delivery system for releasing DA into the brain would be of crucial importance. Materials & methods: We herein examined the in vivo drug efficiency of novel poly-butyl-cyanoacrylate nanoparticles loaded with DA (DA-PBCA NPs). Results & conclusion: The NPs were able to pass through the blood–brain barrier and improve brain structure and function in the PD animal models. Moreover, we found a reduced α-synucleinopathy in the animal model brains after the NPs administration. Thus, the NPs seem to be a reliable DA delivery system for treating PD patients.
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Moslemi M, Khodagholi F, Asadi S, Rafiei S, Motamedi F. Oxytocin protects against 3-NP induced learning and memory impairment in rats: Sex differences in behavioral and molecular responses to the context of prenatal stress. Behav Brain Res 2020; 379:112354. [PMID: 31733312 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Learning and memory impairment manifests years before the onset of motor impairments in Huntington's disease (HD). Oxytocin (OXT), as a neurohypophyseal neuropeptide has a key role in both learning and memory. Hence, we investigated possible protective effect of OXT on instrumental fear conditioning memory impairment by 3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NP) induced HD, considering sex and prenatal stress effects. Pregnant Wistar rats were exposed to restraint stress for 45 min three times a day, from the gestational day 8 to parturition. 3-NP was injected intraperitoneally (20 mg/kg) for 5-7 days after OXT (10 μg/μl. icv) injection in the male and female offspring rats respectively. One day after the last 3-NP injection, the rotarod and passive avoidance task were conducted. As the key molecular determinants in metabolism and memory processes, we measured the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and the amount of receptor interacting protein3 (RIP3) in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, striatum and amygdala using spectrophotometry and western blotting respectively. Besides, the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase was measured (GDH) as a chain between metabolism and memory formation. The results indicated that OXT improved learning and memory impairment caused by 3-NP or prenatal stress in both sexes. It was along with a significant decrease in the level of RIP3, AChE and GDH activities. However, in the presence of prenatal stress, the OXT could improve 3-NP induced learning and memory impairments just in female rats. So it could be suggested as an effective neurotherapeutic agent in diseases such as HD, but its sex and context dependency should be considered carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Moslemi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sareh Asadi
- NeuroBiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrbanoo Rafiei
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Motamedi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Calderón Guzmán D, Osnaya Brizuela N, Ortiz Herrera M, Juárez Olguín H, Valenzuela Peraza A, Hernández García E, Barragán Mejía G. Folic acid increases levels of GHS in brain of rats with oxidative stress induced with 3-nitropropionic acid. Arch Physiol Biochem 2020; 126:1-6. [PMID: 30269600 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1484771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Aim: This study tested the hypothesis that folic acid (FA) modulates biogenic amines and protects the brain against oxidative stress induced by 3-nitropropionic acid (3NPA).Methods: Male Wistar rats received (groups of six) for 5 d: FA (50 mg/kg); 3NPA (10 mg/kg); or FA +3NPA. At last day, rats were sacrificed, and their brain was obtained to measure the levels of dopamine, 5-hydroxiindol acetic acid (5-HIAA). Reduced glutathione (GSH), total ATPase, H2O2 and lipid peroxidation were measured.Results: GSH increased significantly in cortex of rats treated with FA. ATPase increased significantly in cerebellum/medulla oblongata and decreased in cortex of animal treated with 3NPA. 5-HIAA increased in striatum of rats that received 3NPA alone or combined with FA.Conclusion: 3NPA generates free radicals such effect can be counteracted with FA administration since this folate increases antioxidant capacity and modulates biogenic amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Calderón Guzmán
- Instituto Nacional de Pediatría (INP), Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Mexico City, México
| | - Norma Osnaya Brizuela
- Instituto Nacional de Pediatría (INP), Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Mexico City, México
| | | | - Hugo Juárez Olguín
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología Experimental, INP, Mexico City, México
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, INP. Facultad de Medicina UNAM, Mexico City, México
| | | | - Ernestina Hernández García
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología Experimental, INP, Mexico City, México
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, INP. Facultad de Medicina UNAM, Mexico City, México
| | - Gerardo Barragán Mejía
- Instituto Nacional de Pediatría (INP), Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Mexico City, México
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Calabrese EJ, Bhatia TN, Calabrese V, Dhawan G, Giordano J, Hanekamp YN, Kapoor R, Kozumbo WJ, Leak RK. Cytotoxicity models of Huntington’s disease and relevance of hormetic mechanisms: A critical assessment of experimental approaches and strategies. Pharmacol Res 2019; 150:104371. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Wang Y, Xu E, Musich PR, Lin F. Mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases and the potential countermeasure. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 25:816-824. [PMID: 30889315 PMCID: PMC6566063 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria not only supply the energy for cell function, but also take part in cell signaling. This review describes the dysfunctions of mitochondria in aging and neurodegenerative diseases, and the signaling pathways leading to mitochondrial biogenesis (including PGC‐1 family proteins, SIRT1, AMPK) and mitophagy (parkin‐Pink1 pathway). Understanding the regulation of these mitochondrial pathways may be beneficial in finding pharmacological approaches or lifestyle changes (caloric restrict or exercise) to modulate mitochondrial biogenesis and/or to activate mitophagy for the removal of damaged mitochondria, thus reducing the onset and/or severity of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Erin Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Phillip R Musich
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Fang Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Sidhu A, Diwan V, Kaur H, Bhateja D, Singh CK, Sharma S, Padi SSV. Nicotinamide reverses behavioral impairments and provides neuroprotection in 3-nitropropionic acid induced animal model ofHuntington's disease: implication of oxidative stress- poly(ADP- ribose) polymerase pathway. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:1911-1921. [PMID: 30054774 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0297-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is characterized by cognitive and psychiatric impairment caused by neuronal degeneration in the brain. Several studies have supported the hypothesis that oxidative stress is the main pathogenic factor in HD. The current study aims to determine the possible neuroprotective effects of nicotinamide on 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) induced HD. Male Wistar albino rats were divided into six groups. Group I was the vehicle-treated control, group II received 3-NP (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 4 days, group III received nicotinamide (500 mg/kg, i.p.). The remaining groups received a combination of 3-NP plus nicotinamide 100, 300 or 500 mg/kg, i.p. respectively for 8 days. Afterward, the motor function and hind paw activity in the limb withdrawal were tested; rats were then euthanized for biochemical and histopathological analyses. Treatment of rats with 3-NP altered the motor function, elevated oxidative stress and caused significant histopathological changes in the brain. The treatment of rats with nicotinamide (100, 300 and 500 mg/kg) improved the motor function tested by locomotor activity test, movement analysis, and limb withdrawal test, which was associated with decreased oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde, nitrites) and increased antioxidant enzyme (glutathione) levels. In addition, nicotinamide treatment decreased lactate dehydrogenase and prevented neuronal death in the striatal region. Our study, therefore, concludes that antioxidant drugs like nicotinamide might slow progression of clinical HD and may improve the motor functions in HD patients. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to explore the neuroprotective effects of nicotinamide on 3-NP-induced HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Sidhu
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, I.S.F College of Pharmacy, Ferozepur Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India.
| | - Vishal Diwan
- UQ Diamantina Institute, Centre for Kidney Disease Research, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Harsimran Kaur
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, I.S.F College of Pharmacy, Ferozepur Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Deepak Bhateja
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, I.S.F College of Pharmacy, Ferozepur Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Charan K Singh
- Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141012, India
| | - Saurabh Sharma
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, I.S.F College of Pharmacy, Ferozepur Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Satyanarayana S V Padi
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, I.S.F College of Pharmacy, Ferozepur Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
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Akomolafe OR, Imafidon CE, Olukiran OS, Oladele AA, Akanji BO. Sub-acute administration of lower doses of nicotine caused sex-dependent improvement of renal function in Wistar rats. Toxicol Rep 2018; 4:535-542. [PMID: 29657920 PMCID: PMC5897321 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to nicotine is associated with sex-dependent variation in electrolyte disturbances. Lower doses of sub-acute nicotine administration enhanced renal function. Nicotine-enhanced renal function is more pronounced in female than in male Wistar rats. Nicotine-enhanced renal function may be mediated through α7-nAchR.
The adverse and beneficial health effects of nicotine (NIC), the major alkaloid found in cigarettes and tobacco, are controversial. Most studies on NIC have focused on its effects on cardiovascular and nervous functions. This study aimed at determining dose- and sex-specific effects of sub-acute (28 days) NIC administration on some indices of kidney function in Wistar rats. Forty rats (20 males and 20 females), 8–9 weeks old (each housed in separate metabolic cage), were used for this study such that graded doses of NIC (1, 2 and 4 mg/kg i.p. for 28 days) were administered to both sexes while each control received distilled water at 0.2 mL/100 g i.p. Blood was collected under ketamine anesthesia (10 mg/kg i.m) for analyses and results obtained were compared at p < 0.05. The result showed beneficial alterations in plasma and urine level of creatinine, urea and uric acid (p < 0.05) as well as plasma and urine electrolyte level (Na+ and K+) in both sexes (p < 0.05). Also, there was significant improvement in creatinine clearance (p < 0.05) with no appreciable difference in their histological examination. Although these beneficial effects were more pronounced in the female than in the male (p < 0.05), administration at the highest dose showed potentially deleterious alterations from normal beneficial trend (p < 0.05) in both sexes. It was concluded that sub-acute administration of lower doses of NIC improves kidney function of Wistar rats; an effect that was more pronounced in the females than their male counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ojo Rufus Akomolafe
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Christian Eseigbe Imafidon
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Olaoluwa Sesan Olukiran
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Ayowole Abraham Oladele
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Babatunde Oludare Akanji
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
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21
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Selection of antioxidants against ovarian oxidative stress in mouse model. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2017; 31. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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McGregor AL, D'Souza G, Kim D, Tingle MD. Varenicline improves motor and cognitive deficits and decreases depressive-like behaviour in late-stage YAC128 mice. Neuropharmacology 2017; 116:233-246. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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3-Nitropropionic acid production by the endophytic Diaporthe citri: Molecular taxonomy, chemical characterization, and quantification under pH variation. Fungal Biol 2016; 120:1600-1608. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Effect of embelin against 3-nitropropionic acid-induced Huntington's disease in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 77:52-8. [PMID: 26796265 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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25
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Nicotine inhibits hippocampal and striatal acetylcholinesterase activities, and demonstrates dual action on adult neuronal proliferation and maturation. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2015; 22:231-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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26
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MicroRNA as biomarkers of mitochondrial toxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 312:26-33. [PMID: 26476301 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial toxicity can be difficult to detect as most cells can tolerate reduced activity as long as minimal capacity for function is maintained. However, once minimal capacity is lost, apoptosis or necrosis occurs quickly. Identification of more sensitive, early markers of mitochondrial toxicity was the objective of this work. Rotenone, a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor, and 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP), a mitochondrial complex II inhibitor, were administered daily to male Sprague-Dawley rats at subcutaneous doses of 0.1 or 0.3mg/kg/day and intraperitoneal doses of 5 or 10mg/kg/day, respectively, for 1week. Samples of kidney, skeletal muscle (quadriceps femoris), and serum were collected for analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number and microRNA (miRNA) expression patterns. MtDNA was significantly decreased with administration of rotenone at 0.3mg/kg/day and 3-NP at 5 and 10mg/kg/day in the quadriceps femoris and with 3-NP at 10mg/kg/day in the kidney. Additionally, rotenone and 3-NP treatment produced changes to miRNA expression that were similar in direction (i.e. upregulation, downregulation) to those previously linked to mitochondrial functions, such as mitochondrial damage and biogenesis (miR-122, miR-202-3p); regulation of ATP synthesis, abolished oxidative phosphorylation, and loss of membrane potential due to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (miR-338-5p, miR-546, miR-34c); and mitochondrial DNA damage and depletion (miR-546). These results suggest that miRNAs may be sensitive biomarkers for early detection of mitochondrial toxicity.
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Hanna DMF, Tadros MG, Khalifa AE. ADIOL protects against 3-NP-induced neurotoxicity in rats: Possible impact of its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic actions. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2015; 60:36-51. [PMID: 25689821 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with a wide spectrum of cognitive, behavioral and motor abnormalities. The mitochondrial toxin 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) effectively induces specific behavioral changes and selective striatal lesions similar to that observed in HD. Some neurosteroids, synthesized in neurons and glial cells, previously showed neuroprotective abilities. 5-Androstene-3β-17β-diol (ADIOL) is a major metabolite of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) with previously reported anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective activities. The neuroprotective potential of ADIOL in HD was not previously investigated. Therefore, the present study investigated the neuroprotective effects of ADIOL against 3-NP-induced behavioral changes, oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Intraperitoneal administration of 3-NP (20mg/kg) for 4 consecutive days in rats caused significant loss in body weight, reduced prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle response, locomotor hypoactivity with altered cortical/striatal histological structure, increased cortical/striatal oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Administration of ADIOL (25mg/kg, s.c.) for two days before 3-NP significantly attenuated the reduction in body weights and PPI, increased locomotor activity and restored cortical/striatal histological structure nearly to normal. Moreover, it displayed anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities as evidenced by the elevation of cortical and striatal reduced glutathione levels, reductions of cortical and striatal malondialdehyde, striatal tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 levels. Only a small number of iNOS and caspase-3 positive cells were detected in sections from rats pretreated with ADIOL. This study suggests a potential neuroprotective role of ADIOL against 3-NP-induced Huntington's disease-like manifestations. Such neuroprotection can be attributed to its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M F Hanna
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mariane G Tadros
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Amani E Khalifa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Hippocampal and striatal histomorphology following chronic nicotine administration in female and male rats. Ann Neurosci 2015; 22:31-6. [PMID: 26124548 PMCID: PMC4410525 DOI: 10.5214/ans.0972.7531.220107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nicotine is a subject of continuous research because of its likely ameliorative effects on neurologic and neurodegenerative disorders. Purpose This study examined the effects of its chronic subcutaneous administration on hippocampal and striatal microstructure in both female and male rats. Methods Forty adult female and male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups. Three experimental groups were administered nicotine via subcutaneous injections at doses of 0.25, 2 and 4 mg/kg body weight for 28 days. Control groups received normal saline. Following administration, routine processing of brain tissues was carried out. Sections obtained were stained using routine H&E methods for general histological appearance, Cresyl violet methods for nissl substances, and Bielschwolsky silver impregnation method for neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Results The study showed significant increase in percentage of neurons showing degenerating features in the hippocampus and striatum of both female and male rats following the higher doses of nicotine treatment. Only female rats showed positive agyrophilic (black-coloured) aggregations in the hippocampal and striatal regions after nicotine treatment. Conclusion The present study indicates that higher dose of chronic nicotine administration may induce hippocampal and striatal neurodegenerative changes. However, further studies using more specific method for studying neurodegeneration within brain regions is recommended.
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Neuroprotective therapeutics from botanicals and phytochemicals against Huntington's disease and related neurodegenerative disorders. J Herb Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ijomone OM, Olaibi OK, Mba C, Biose IJ, Tete SA, Nwoha PU. Chronic nicotine administration does not alter cognitive or mood associated behavioural parameters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 22:57-63. [PMID: 25601213 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine, the major specific alkaloid in tobacco smoke, exhibits widespread pharmacological effects and may contribute to deterioration in behaviour. The present study thus examined the effects of its chronic administration on some cognitive and mood associated behaviours. Adult rats weighing between 150 and 200g were randomly divided into 4 groups each of 5 females and 5 males. Three groups were administered graded doses of nicotine at 0.25, 2 and 4mg/kg body weight via subcutaneous injections. One group served as control and received normal saline (vehicle for nicotine). Behavioural tests were performed using the Y-maze, elevated-plus maze (EPM) and tail suspension tests (TST) at various time points. Nicotine produced no significant effect in spontaneous alternation on Y-maze, nor on six parameters scored on EPM (open arm entries, time spent in open arms, time per open arm entries, open/closed arm quotient, closed arm entries, and total arm entries), and also no significant effect on immobility time in TST. This lack of effects was observed to be independent of sex and dose administered. The study shows that nicotine does not produce long-term changes in some cognitive and mood associated behaviours, thus suggesting it could be well tolerated even following chronic administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omamuyovwi Meashack Ijomone
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria; Neuroscience Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, Cross River University of Technology, Okuku, Cross River, Nigeria.
| | - Olayemi Kafilat Olaibi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria
| | - Christian Mba
- Neuroscience Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, Cross River University of Technology, Okuku, Cross River, Nigeria
| | - Ifechukwude Joachim Biose
- Neuroscience Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, Cross River University of Technology, Okuku, Cross River, Nigeria
| | - Samuel Anthony Tete
- Neuroscience Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, Cross River University of Technology, Okuku, Cross River, Nigeria
| | - Polycarp Umunna Nwoha
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria
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Performance of motor associated behavioural tests following chronic nicotine administration. Ann Neurosci 2014; 21:42-6. [PMID: 25206059 PMCID: PMC4117158 DOI: 10.5214/ans.0972.7531.210203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nicotine has shown potential therapeutic value for neurodegenerative diseases though there are concerns that it may induce behavioural deficits. Purpose The present study sought to determine the effect of chronic nicotine administration on overall motor functions and coordination. Methods Forty adult female and male Wistar rats were randomly grouped into 4 groups. Treated groups were administered nicotine via subcutaneous injections at doses of 0.25, 2 and 4 mg/kg body weight for 28 days. Control groups received normal saline. All animals were monitored for the first few minutes after each injection for any observed immediate effect of drug administration. Motor associated behavioural tests performed include: open field test, string test for grip strength and limb impairment, movement initiation and step test. Results Nicotine induced muscular convulsions within the first 1-5 minutes following daily subcutaneous injections, throughout the period of administration. This was observed to be more severe in females. Nicotine did not produce major alterations in overall motor functions and coordination in both females and males. Conclusion The present study shows chronic nicotine treatment produces muscular convulsion but no major deficit in overall motor function and coordination and that any observed alterations may just be transient effects.
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Colle D, Santos DB, Moreira ELG, Hartwig JM, dos Santos AA, Zimmermann LT, Hort MA, Farina M. Probucol increases striatal glutathione peroxidase activity and protects against 3-nitropropionic acid-induced pro-oxidative damage in rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67658. [PMID: 23799154 PMCID: PMC3683065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disease characterized by symptoms attributable to the death of striatal and cortical neurons. The molecular mechanisms mediating neuronal death in HD involve oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Administration of 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP), an irreversible inhibitor of the mitochondrial enzyme succinate dehydrogenase, in rodents has been proposed as a useful experimental model of HD. This study evaluated the effects of probucol, a lipid-lowering agent with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, on the biochemical parameters related to oxidative stress, as well as on the behavioral parameters related to motor function in an in vivo HD model based on 3-NP intoxication in rats. Animals were treated with 3.5 mg/kg of probucol in drinking water daily for 2 months and, subsequently, received 3-NP (25 mg/kg i.p.) once a day for 6 days. At the end of the treatments, 3-NP-treated animals showed a significant decrease in body weight, which corresponded with impairment on motor ability, inhibition of mitochondrial complex II activity and oxidative stress in the striatum. Probucol, which did not rescue complex II inhibition, protected against behavioral and striatal biochemical changes induced by 3-NP, attenuating 3-NP-induced motor impairments and striatal oxidative stress. Importantly, probucol was able to increase activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), an enzyme important in mediating the detoxification of peroxides in the central nervous system. The major finding of this study was that probucol protected against 3-NP-induced behavioral and striatal biochemical changes without affecting 3-NP-induced mitochondrial complex II inhibition, indicating that long-term probucol treatment resulted in an increased resistance against neurotoxic events (i.e., increased oxidative damage) secondary to mitochondrial dysfunction. These data appeared to be of great relevance when extrapolated to human neurodegenerative processes involving mitochondrial dysfunction and indicates that GPx is an important molecular target involved in the beneficial effects of probucol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirleise Colle
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- * E-mail: marcelo.farina@.ufsc.br (MF); (DC)
| | - Danúbia Bonfanti Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Luiz Gasnhar Moreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Juliana Montagna Hartwig
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Antunes dos Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Luciana Teixeira Zimmermann
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Mariana Appel Hort
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Farina
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- * E-mail: marcelo.farina@.ufsc.br (MF); (DC)
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Shivasharan BD, Nagakannan P, Thippeswamy BS, Veerapur VP, Bansal P, Unnikrishnan MK. Protective effect ofCalendula officinalisLinn. flowers against 3-nitropropionic acid induced experimental Huntington’s disease in rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2013; 36:466-73. [PMID: 23590827 DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2013.776583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Organoselenium Bis Selenide Attenuates 3-Nitropropionic Acid-Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats. Neurotox Res 2012; 23:214-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-012-9336-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Cardinale A, Nastrucci C, Cesario A, Russo P. Nicotine: specific role in angiogenesis, proliferation and apoptosis. Crit Rev Toxicol 2011; 42:68-89. [PMID: 22050423 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2011.623150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, tobacco smoking is the cause of ~5-6 million deaths per year, counting 31% and 6% of all cancer deaths (affecting 18 different organs) in middle-aged men and women, respectively. Nicotine is the addictive component of tobacco acting on neuronal nicotinic receptors (nAChR). Functional nAChR, are also present on endothelial, haematological and epithelial cells. Although nicotine itself is regularly not referred to as a carcinogen, there is an ongoing debate whether nicotine functions as a 'tumour promoter'. Nicotine, with its specific binding to nAChR, deregulates essential biological processes like regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, inflammation and cell-mediated immunity in a wide variety of cells including foetal (regulation of development), embryonic and adult stem cells, adult tissues as well as cancer cells. Nicotine seems involved in fundamental aspects of the biology of malignant diseases, as well as of neurodegeneration. Investigating the biological effects of nicotine may provide new tools for therapeutic interventions and for the understanding of neurodegenerative diseases and tumour biology.
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Kumar P, Kalonia H, Kumar A. Novel protective mechanisms of antidepressants against 3-nitropropionic acid induced Huntington's-like symptoms: a comparative study. J Psychopharmacol 2011; 25:1399-411. [PMID: 20305041 DOI: 10.1177/0269881110364269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is characterized by progressive degeneration of neurons in the striatum, cortex and other parts of the brain, causing motor and cognitive dysfunction. 3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NP) is a well-known mycotoxin that significantly induces motor dysfunction in animals. Studies suggested the involvement of oxidative stress and nitric oxide mechanisms in HD pathogenesis. Clinical reports have also indicated the neuroprotective potential of antidepressants. Therefore, the present study has been designed to elucidate and compare the mechanistic role of different antidepressants (sertraline, venlafaxine, imipramine and trazodone) and their interaction with nitric oxide modulators if any, against 3-NP-induced neurotoxicity. Systemic 3-NP (10 mg/kg) administration for 14 days significantly reduced locomotor activity, body weight, motor coordination, oxidative defense and impaired mitochondrial complex enzyme activities in the striatum. Sertraline, venlafaxine, imipramine and trazodone treatments significantly improved behavioral, oxidative defense and mitochondrial complex enzyme activities as compared with the 3-NP-treated group. Systemic L-arginine (50 mg/kg) pretreatment with sub-effective dose of sertraline (10 mg/kg), venlafaxine (10 mg/kg), imipramine (10 mg/kg) and trazodone (10 mg/kg) for 14 days significantly attenuated their protective effect. Similarly, L-nitro-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (10 mg/kg) pretreatment with sub-effective dose of sertraline (10 mg/kg), venlafaxine (10 mg/kg), imipramine (10 mg/kg) and trazodone (10 mg/kg) for 14 days significantly potentiated their protective effects which were significant as compared with their effect alone, respectively. The results of the present study suggest that a nitric oxide mechanism might be involved in their protective effect against 3-NP-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Kumar
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Craig LA, Hong NS, McDonald RJ. Revisiting the cholinergic hypothesis in the development of Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2011; 35:1397-409. [PMID: 21392524 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia affecting the elderly population today; however, there is currently no accurate description of the etiology of this devastating disorder. No single factor has been demonstrated as being causative; however, an alternative co-factors theory suggests that the interaction of multiple risk factors is responsible for AD. We have used this model, in combination with the original cholinergic hypothesis of AD to propose a "new" cholinergic hypothesis that we present in this review. This new version takes into account recent findings from the literature and our reports of removal of medial septum cholinergic projections to the hippocampus reduces both behavioural and anatomical plasticity, resulting in greater cognitive impairment in response to secondary insults (stress, injury, disease, etc.). We will first summarize the experimental results and discuss some potential mechanisms that could explain our results. We will then present our 'new' version of the cholinergic hypothesis and how it relates to the field of AD research today. Finally we will discuss some of the implications for treatment that arise from this model and present directions for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Craig
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge; 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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Sandhir R, Mehrotra A, Kamboj SS. Lycopene prevents 3-nitropropionic acid-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunctions in nervous system. Neurochem Int 2010; 57:579-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2010.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Revised: 07/11/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Kumar P, Kumar A. Possible neuroprotective effect of Withania somnifera root extract against 3-nitropropionic acid-induced behavioral, biochemical, and mitochondrial dysfunction in an animal model of Huntington's disease. J Med Food 2009; 12:591-600. [PMID: 19627208 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2008.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that results from the destruction of neurons in the basal ganglia, and oxidative stress has been implicated in its pathogenesis. 3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NP), a potent neurotoxin, has been reported to induce oxidative/nitrosative stress and causes neurobehavioral and biochemical changes that mimic HD in humans. It also inhibits complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, thereby causing cellular energy deficit. In the present work, we evaluated the effects of a well-known antioxidant on behavioral, biochemical, and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by 3-NP. The study was designed to investigate the effects of Withania somnifera root extract against 3-NP-induced gait abnormalities, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction in striatum and cortex of rat brain. Intraperitoneal administration of 3-NP (10 mg/kg for 14 days) caused a loss in body weight and a decline in motor function (locomotor activity and impaired rotarod activity). Chronic treatment with W. somnifera root extracts (100 and 200 mg/kg) for a period of 2 weeks dose-dependently improved 3-NP-induced behavioral, biochemical, and enzymatic changes (P < .05). Biochemical analysis revealed that systemic 3-NP administration significantly increased lipid peroxidation and nitrite and lactate dehydrogenase enzyme levels, depleted antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase and catalase) levels, and blocked ATP synthesis by inhibiting the mitochondrial complex activity in the different regions (striatum and cortex) of the brain. Chronic administration of W. somnifera root extract (100 and 200 mg/kg) dose-dependently restored biochemical alterations induced by chronic 3-NP treatment (P < .05). These findings suggest that neuroprotective actions of W. somnifera are mediated via its antioxidant activity. However, further studies are required to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in order to support the clinical use of the plant extract as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Kumar
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Al Mutairy A, Al Kadasah S, Elfaki I, Arshaduddin M, Malik D, Al Moutaery K, Tariq M. Trolox ameliorates 3-nitropropionic acid-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2009; 32:226-33. [PMID: 19755148 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2009.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2009] [Revised: 09/06/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) is a naturally occurring neurotoxin produced by legumes of the genus Astragalus and Arthrium fungi. Acute exposure to 3-NPA results in striatal astrocytic death and variety of behavior dysfunction in rats. Oxidative stress has been reported to play an important role in 3-NPA-induced neurotoxicity. Trolox is a potent free radical chain breaking antioxidant which has been shown to restore structure and function of the nervous system following oxidative stress. This rapid and efficient antioxidant property of trolox was attributed to its enhanced water solubility as compared with alpha-tocopherol. This investigation was aimed to study the effect of trolox against 3-NPA-induced neurotoxicity in female Wistar rats. The animals received trolox (0, 40 mg, 80 mg and 160 mg/kg, orally) daily for 7 days. 3-NPA (25mg/kg, i.p.) was administered daily 30 min after trolox for the same duration. One additional group of rats served as control (vehicle only). On day 8, the animals were observed for neurobehavioral performance. Immediately after behavioral studies, the animal's brains were dissected out for histological studies. Lesions in the striatal dopaminergic neurons were assessed by immunohistochemical method using tyrosine hydroxylase immunostaining. Administration of 3-NPA alone caused significant depletion of striatal dopamine and glutathione, whereas, the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and nitric oxide (NO) were significantly increased suggesting an elevated level of oxidative stress. Trolox significantly and dose-dependently protected animals against 3-NPA-induced neurobehavioral, neurochemical and structural abnormalities. These results clearly suggest that protective effect of trolox against 3-NPA-induced neurotoxicity is mediated through its free radical scavenging activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al Mutairy
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Possible role of sertraline against 3-nitropropionic acid induced behavioral, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunctions in rat brain. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2009; 33:100-8. [PMID: 19022325 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2008.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2008] [Revised: 10/21/2008] [Accepted: 10/21/2008] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and disrupted energy metabolism are major events leading to nerve cell death. Oxidative stress and related reactive oxygen species is one of the common cooperative sharing pathways involved in neurodegenerative disorders including Huntington's disease. The present study evaluated the possible role of sertraline on the 3-nitropropionic acid induced behavioral, biochemical, and mitochondrial alterations in discrete areas of rat brain. 3-Nitropropionic acid (10 mg/kg) administration for 14 days significantly induced Huntington's disease like symptoms in rats as indicated by change in locomotor activity, body weight, rotarod activity performance, oxidative damage (elevated levels of lipid peroxidation, nitrite concentration, depletion of antioxidant enzyme levels) and mitochondrial dysfunction (Complexes-I, II, II and IV) in striatum, cortex and hippocampal region of brain. Treatment with sertraline (5 and 10 mg/kg) significantly reversed behavioral, biochemical and mitochondrial enzyme dysfunctions in 3-nitropropionic acid treated group. Further, combination of yohimbine (2 mg/kg) (non selective serotonin with the higher dose of sertraline (10 mg/kg) did not influence the protective action of sertraline. The present study suggests the possible antioxidant role of sertraline against 3-nitropropionic acid induced alterations in animals.
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Park JE, Lee ST, Im WS, Chu K, Kim M. Galantamine reduces striatal degeneration in 3-nitropropionic acid model of Huntington's disease. Neurosci Lett 2008; 448:143-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Accepted: 10/01/2008] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Klepac N, Relja M, Klepac R, Hećimović S, Babić T, Trkulja V. Oxidative stress parameters in plasma of Huntington's disease patients, asymptomatic Huntington's disease gene carriers and healthy subjects : a cross-sectional study. J Neurol 2007; 254:1676-83. [PMID: 17990062 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-007-0611-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2006] [Revised: 03/09/2007] [Accepted: 03/23/2007] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal data and postmortem studies suggest a role of oxidative stress in the Huntington's disease (HD), but in vivo human studies have been scarce. AIM To assess the presence of oxidative stress in HD patients and its occurrence relative to clinical symptoms. METHODS Oxidative stress markers were determined in plasma of HD patients (n = 19), asymptomatic HD gene carriers (with > 38 CAG repeats) (n = 11) and their respective sex and agematched healthy controls (n = 47 and n = 22) in a cross-sectional study. RESULTS With adjustment for age and sex, HD patients had higher plasma lipid peroxidation (LP) levels (ratio 1.20, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.32, p < 0.001) and lower reduced glutathione (GSH) levels (ratio 0.72, CI 0.55 to 0.94, p = 0.011) than their age and sex-matched controls. Although considerably younger, HD gene carriers did not differ from HD patients regarding LP and GSH levels, and had higher plasma LP (ratio 1.16, CI 1.02 to 1.32, p = 0.016) and lower GSH than their matched controls (ratio 0.73, CI 0.5 to 1.05). They had higher LP (ratio 1.18, CI 1.02 to 1.34, p = 0.019) and lower GSH (ratio 0.75, CI 0.51 to 1.11) than the healthy subjects matched to HD patients. CONCLUSIONS Oxidative stress is more pronounced in HD patients and asymptomatic HD gene carriers than in healthy subjects. Differences in plasma LP and GSH are in line with the brain findings in animal models of HD. Data suggest that oxidative stress occurs before the onset of the HD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Klepac
- Dept. of Neurology, University Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb University School of Medicine, Kispatićeva, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Kumar P, Padi SSV, Naidu PS, Kumar A. Cyclooxygenase inhibition attenuates 3-nitropropionic acid-induced neurotoxicity in rats: possible antioxidant mechanisms. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2007; 21:297-306. [PMID: 17521299 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2007.00485.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Systemic administration of 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP), a complex II inhibitor of the electron transport chain, causes motor and cognitive deficits that are associated with excitotoxicity and excessive free radical generation. Recently, cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors have been implicated as a neuroprotectant in the treatment of various neurological disorders. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of COX inhibitors in 3-NP-induced cognitive impairment and oxidative stress in rats. Intraperitoneal administration of 3-NP (20 mg/kg for 4 days) showed motor abnormalities and cognitive impairment in rats. Chronic treatment with naproxen (10 and 20 mg/kg) and valdecoxib (5 and 10 mg/kg) once daily for a period of 8 days beginning 4 days prior to 3-NP administration significantly improved 3-NP-induced motor and cognitive impairment in rats. Biochemical analysis revealed that systemic 3-NP administration significantly increased lipid peroxidation and nitrite levels, depleted reduced glutathione levels and reduced succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity in the brains of rats, whereas administration of naproxen, a nonselective COX inhibitor (10 and 20 mg/kg p.o.) and valdecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor (5 and 10 mg/kg p.o.) significantly attenuated 3-NP-induced oxidative stress. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors also significantly restored the decreased SDH activity. The results of the present study clearly indicate that naproxen and valdecoxib showed protection against 3-NP-induced motor and cognitive impairment by decreasing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kumar
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Punjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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Nicotine. J Addict Dis 2006. [DOI: 10.1300/j069v25s01_03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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