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Kurosaka C, Tagata C, Nakagawa S, Kobayashi M, Miyake S. Effects of green tea and roasted green tea on human responses. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8588. [PMID: 38615105 PMCID: PMC11016062 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59383-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Our objective was to elucidate the effects of tea consumption on refreshment and stress reduction/recovery through examining the multiple associations among factors such as various physiological responses and task performance. Participants included 20 healthy young men who performed a mental arithmetic task while 11 physiological responses were measured. The experiments were conducted twice under different beverage consumption conditions on separate days. The mental arithmetic task was executed six times in 1 day; participants ingested hot water, green tea, or roasted green tea (hojicha) before each task. Several subjective assessments: subjective fatigue, stress, mental workload, and flow were evaluated after each task. The R-R intervals, heart rate variability spectral components, the Poincaré plot indices (SD1 and SD2) and plethysmogram amplitude tended to decrease during task periods compared to resting periods. Tissue blood volume/flow (TBV, TBF) and near-infrared spectroscopy responses (NIRS) were lower in the tea condition than in the hot water condition. By scrutinizing various indicators, we found that aromatic stimulation of Japanese tea beverages has the potential to induce positive effects, enhance mental task performance, promote refreshment, and alleviate feelings of fatigue. These positive effects were observed even in small quantities and within a short duration, mirroring responses observed in daily consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Kurosaka
- Department of Human, Information and Life Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Chika Tagata
- Central Research Institute, ITOEN, Ltd., Makinohara, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Sae Nakagawa
- Central Research Institute, ITOEN, Ltd., Makinohara, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Makoto Kobayashi
- Central Research Institute, ITOEN, Ltd., Makinohara, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shinji Miyake
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Chitose Institute of Science and Technology, Chitose, Hokkaido, Japan
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Rahati Quchani M, Farmanesh E, Esmaili A, Moghimi A, Fereidoni M, Rahati Quchani S. Behavioral and electrophysiological (ECoG) effects of haplophyllum robustum and TRPA1 antagonist in adult male wistar rats. Toxicon 2023; 233:107233. [PMID: 37541601 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
This article aimed to investigate the effects of Haplophyllum robustum hydroalcoholic extract on animals' behavioral and electrocorticographic changes. This plant is mainly found in Turkey, Iran, and Central Asia, and is reported to have convulsive effects. In this article, we worked on the effects of its hydroalcoholic extract on electrocorticography (ECoG), along with changes induced by intracerebroventricular administration of GABAA antagonists. Furthermore, the effects of low doses of this extract on behavioral depression were examined. Four animal sets were used to compare ECoG in Wistar rats. A group of negative control, a group of positive control (PTZ), and two groups received an injection of plant extract (500 mg/kg, ip), with or without administration of Diazepam (5 mg/kg). Also, three sets were applied to compare receiving and not receiving intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 antagonist (HC-030031) (2 μg/kg) on plant-induced seizure delay and animal death. Two groups of control and a group with plant extract together with TRPA1 antagonist were administrated. Furthermore, in the present study, the forced swimming test (FST) was used as a model of depression. The behaviors of animals in three groups of negative control and positive control (Fluoxetine) and plant extract (200 mg/kg, ip) were compared. According to the ECoG, high doses of extract of plants led to seizures similar to PTZ, which were then reduced by diazepam injection. At this dose, injection of TRPA1 antagonist did not significantly delay the onset of seizures or the death of the animals. Further, a subconvulsive dose of hydroalcoholic plant extracts was equally effective in treating depression as Fluoxetine injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Rahati Quchani
- Rayan Research Center for Neuroscience & Behavior, Dept of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elham Farmanesh
- Rayan Research Center for Neuroscience & Behavior, Dept of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
| | - Asieh Esmaili
- Rayan Research Center for Neuroscience & Behavior, Dept of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Moghimi
- Rayan Research Center for Neuroscience & Behavior, Dept of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Masoud Fereidoni
- Rayan Research Center for Neuroscience & Behavior, Dept of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeed Rahati Quchani
- Dept of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Iran
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Gupcsó K, Kókai Z, Bálint M, Tavaszi-Sárosi S, Németh ÉZ. Studies on Sensory and Phytochemical Characteristics of Poppy ( Papaver somniferum L.) Varieties for Their Oil Utilisation. Foods 2023; 12:3165. [PMID: 37685099 PMCID: PMC10487119 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Poppy is a significant pharmaceutical crop, but the seeds and the cold-pressed oil have a big potential as healthy foods. Breeding has mainly focused on agronomical characteristics and alkaloid content. Here, we compared the sensory values, fatty acid and headspace volatile composition of poppy oils and flours produced from different varieties. Two industrial and four culinary varieties were cultivated in our field in 2021-2022. The sensory test differentiated well among varieties. Typical poppy odour and flavour were stronger both in the oils and the flours of the blue-seed varieties compared to the white-seed ones. For most varieties, the harvest year caused no relevant differences. Linoleic, oleic, and palmitic acids were the main components both in oils and flours. Larger differences were detected in the volatiles (e.g., 2 and 3 methyl-butanal and 3 methyl-butanol γ-n-caprolactone, pentofuran), depending on genotype and year. A higher ratio of saturated fatty acids negatively influenced the flavour and odour characteristics. In the headspace volatiles, these features correlated negatively with 2-pentylfuran and hexanal. The oil content of poppy flour has a positive effect on colour, appearance, tactility and poppy flavour. Our results support a goal-oriented use of poppy genotypes for high-quality dietary products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Gupcsó
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, MATE, Villányi Str. 35-43, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary; (K.G.); (S.T.-S.)
- Sotiva Seed Ltd., Petőfi Str. 63/A, H-4440 Tiszavasvári, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kókai
- Department of Postharvest, Supply Chain, Commerce and Sensory Science, Institute of Food Science and Technology, MATE, Villányi Str. 35-43, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.K.); (M.B.)
| | - Melinda Bálint
- Department of Postharvest, Supply Chain, Commerce and Sensory Science, Institute of Food Science and Technology, MATE, Villányi Str. 35-43, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.K.); (M.B.)
| | - Szilvia Tavaszi-Sárosi
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, MATE, Villányi Str. 35-43, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary; (K.G.); (S.T.-S.)
| | - Éva Zámboriné Németh
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, MATE, Villányi Str. 35-43, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary; (K.G.); (S.T.-S.)
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Komini A, Kokka I, Vlachakis D, Chrousos GP, Kanaka-Gantenbein C, Bacopoulou F. A Systematic Review on the Adult Alpha Brainwave Activity After Essential Oil Inhalation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1425:545-553. [PMID: 37581828 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-31986-0_53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Aroma extracts from plant species have been utilized since ancient times for a variety of discomforting circumstances. Aromatherapy is a recognized complementary therapeutic treatment performed in various ways such as massage or dermal application, with its main uses involving relaxation, pain relief, and stress management. Several studies have outlined that inhalation of fragrance may influence the brain function since their components can cross the blood-brain barrier and interact with central nervous system receptors. The aim of this review was to systematically present findings regarding alpha brain wave activity reported exclusively by electroencephalography. The study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The PubMed and Scopus databases were screened for relevant papers, based on specific eligibility criteria. The final step of the process resulted in 13 studies published between 1998 and 2021, using different essential oils. Most of the studies revealed the increase of alpha brainwave activity post-essential oil inhalation. Given the proven positive outcomes of increased alpha wave activity on several domains such as cognitive performance and better mental state, further research on the impact of essential oil inhalation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asimina Komini
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioulia Kokka
- Outpatient Specialty Clinic for Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders, First Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Vlachakis
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George P Chrousos
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Flora Bacopoulou
- Center for Adolescent Medicine, and UNESCO Chair in Adolescent Health Care, First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Scents may influence the perceived comfort of an environment. There are only a few studies conducted on the relationship between scent and comfort in aircraft cabin. OBJECTIVES: The goal of this research is to explore whether relationships between scents and perceived comfort can be found for passengers in an aircraft cabin. METHODS: 276 participants joined an experiment in a Boeing 737 fuselage. The participants were divided into nine groups and each joined a session for 60 minutes with the exposure to different scents. The effect of the odor was measured by a set of questionnaires at the beginning and at the end of the session. Results of questionnaires were analyzed regarding the effects on the completion time, of the type of scents, of the intensity of the scent and on gender. RESULTS: Significant differences were found at the beginning and at the end of the experiment regarding comfort and emotion, but sometimes no relations could be established. The influence of different scents on comfort/discomfort varied and changed over time. However, in all scenarios, participant’ scores on emotion decreased. Additionally, the added scents influenced the linearity between the changes in comfort and discomfort. CONCLUSIONS: Smell could influence the perceived comfort/discomfort of aircraft passengers over time, and different types of smells have different effects on passengers. The preferences on scents are diverse, which highlights the need for personalization in aircraft cabin design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhe Yao
- Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
| | - Yu Song
- Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Vink
- Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
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Raka RN, Wu H, Xiao J, Hossen I, Cao Y, Huang M, Jin J. Human ectopic olfactory receptors and their food originated ligands: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5424-5443. [PMID: 33605814 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1885007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Ectopic olfactory receptors (EORs) are expressed in non-nasal tissues of human body. They belong to the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. EORs may not be capable of differentiating odorants as nasal olfactory receptors (ORs), but still can be triggered by odorants and are involved in different biological processes such as anti-inflammation, energy metabolism, apoptosis etc. Consumption of strong flavored foods like celery, oranges, onions, and spices, is a good aid to attenuate inflammation and boost our immune system. During the digestion of these foods in human digestive system and the metabolization by gut microbiota, the odorants closely interacting with EORs, may play important roles in various bio-functions like serotonin release, appetite regulation etc., and ultimately impact health and diseases. Thus, EORs could be a potential target linking the ligands from food and their bioactivities. There have been related studies in different research fields of medicine and physiology, but still no systematic food oriented review. Our review portrays that EORs could be a potential target for functional food development. In this review, we summarized the EORs found in human tissues, their impacts on health and disease, ligands interacting with EORs exerting specific biological effects, and the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rifat Nowshin Raka
- Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Wu
- Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing, China
| | - Junsong Xiao
- Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing, China
| | - Imam Hossen
- Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yanping Cao
- Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing, China
| | - Mingquan Huang
- Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing, China
| | - Jianming Jin
- Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Virgin olive oil (VOO) has unique chemical characteristics among all other vegetable oils which are of paramount importance for human health. VOO constituents are also responsible of its peculiar flavor, a complex sensation due to a combination of aroma, taste, texture, and mouthfeel or trigeminal sensations. VOO flavor depends primarily on the concentration and nature of volatile and phenolic compounds present in olive oil which can change dramatically depending on agronomical and technological factors. Another aspect that can change the flavor perception is linked to the oral process during olive oil tasting. In fact, in this case, some human physiological and matrix effects modulate the flavor release in the mouth. The present review aims to give an overview on VOO flavor, with particular emphasis on the mechanisms affecting its production and release during a tasting.
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Yamate Y, Orita K, Kobayashi H, Hiramoto K. Ameliorative effect of green odor against UVB-induced immunosuppression of contact hypersensitivity. Dermatol Ther 2020; 33:e13848. [PMID: 32543744 DOI: 10.1111/dth.13848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation to the eye induces photoimmunosuppression. In here, we examined the effect of green odor against immunosuppression of contact hypersensitivity in the eye induced by ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation. Systemic immunosuppression was induced in ICR mice sensitized with 0.5% oxazolone through the skin by a single exposure to UVB. Consecutive green odor treatment significantly counteracted UVB irradiation-induced immunosuppression of the contact hypersensitivity (CHS) response. The green odor treatment increased dopamine and β-endorphin levels in the brain and the plasma, respectively, and decreased the plasma corticosterone concentration in the oxazolone-sensitized mice after UVB irradiation to the eye, in contrast with that in acetone-treated mice (treatment negative control). Green odor prevented UVB irradiation-induced photoimmunosuppression of the CHS response by regulating the dopamine/β-endorphin/corticosterone pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurika Yamate
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Japan
| | - Kumi Orita
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Keiichi Hiramoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Japan
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Micucci M, Protti M, Aldini R, Frosini M, Corazza I, Marzetti C, Mattioli LB, Tocci G, Chiarini A, Mercolini L, Budriesi R. Thymus vulgaris L. Essential Oil Solid Formulation: Chemical Profile and Spasmolytic and Antimicrobial Effects. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060860. [PMID: 32512899 PMCID: PMC7356897 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A new Thymus vulgaris L. solid essential oil (SEO) formulation composed of liquid EO linked to solid excipients has been chemically analysed and evaluated for its intestinal spasmolytic and antispastic effects in ex vivo ileum and colon of guinea pig and compared with liquid EO and excipients. Liquid EO and solid linked EO were analysed by original capillary electrochromatography coupled to diode array detection (CEC-DAD) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methodologies. The main bioactive constituents are thymol and carvacrol, with minor constituents for a total of 12 selected analysed compounds. Liquid EO was the most effective in decreasing basal contractility in ileum and colon; excipients addiction permitted normal contractility pattern in solid linked EO SEO. In ileum and colon, the Thymus vulgaris L. solid formulation exerted the relaxant activity on K+-depolarized intestinal smooth muscle as well as liquid EO. The solid essential oil exhibits antimicrobial activity against different strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Thyphimurium, Candida albicans) similarly to liquid oil, with activity against pathogen, but not commensal strains (Bifidobacterium Breve, Lactobacillus Fermentum) in intestinal homeostasis. Therefore, Thymus vulgaris L. solid essential oil formulation can be proposed as a possible spasmolytic and antispastic tool in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Micucci
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Nutraceutical Lab, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.M.); (R.A.); (L.B.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Michele Protti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Research Group of Pharmaco-Toxicological Analysis (PTA Lab), Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Rita Aldini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Nutraceutical Lab, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.M.); (R.A.); (L.B.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Maria Frosini
- Department of Life Sciences, Vita, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Ivan Corazza
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine—DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Carla Marzetti
- Valsambro S.r.l., Via Cairoli 2, 40121 Bologna, Italy; (C.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Laura Beatrice Mattioli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Nutraceutical Lab, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.M.); (R.A.); (L.B.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Gabriella Tocci
- Valsambro S.r.l., Via Cairoli 2, 40121 Bologna, Italy; (C.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Alberto Chiarini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Nutraceutical Lab, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.M.); (R.A.); (L.B.M.); (A.C.)
- GVM Care & Research, 48022 Lugo, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Laura Mercolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Research Group of Pharmaco-Toxicological Analysis (PTA Lab), Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (R.B.); Tel.: +39-051-209-9726 (L.M.); +39-051-209-9737 (R.B.)
| | - Roberta Budriesi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Nutraceutical Lab, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.M.); (R.A.); (L.B.M.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (R.B.); Tel.: +39-051-209-9726 (L.M.); +39-051-209-9737 (R.B.)
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10
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Thermal, photo-oxidation and antimicrobial studies of linalyl acetate as a major ingredient of lavender essential oil. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Micarelli A, Cormano A, Caccamo D, Alessandrini M. Olfactory-Related Quality of Life in Multiple Chemical Sensitivity: A Genetic-Acquired Factors Model. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010156. [PMID: 31881664 PMCID: PMC6981591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms as well as environmental exposures to chemical compounds, iatrogenic, psychological, and physical trauma may play a pathophysiological role in multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) olfactory complaints, given that xenobiotic metabolism is influenced by sequence variations in genes of metabolizing enzymes. Thus, the aim of the present study was to depict-by means of multiple regression analysis-how different genetic conditions, grouped according to their function as well as clinical background and environmental exposure may interfere with those olfactory complaints referred by MCS patients. Therefore, MCS patients after gene polymorphism sequencing, the olfactory-related quality of life score-calculated by means of the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorder in forty-six MCS patients-have been found to significantly rely on the phase I and II enzymes score and exposure to previous compounds and surgical treatments. The present work-implementing for the first time a genetic-acquired factors model on a regression analysis-further reinforces those theories, positing MCS as a complex, multifactorial, disease in which the genetic risk related to phase I and II enzymes involved in xenobiotic detoxification, olfactory, and neurodegenerative diseases play a necessary, but probably not sufficient role, along the pathophysiological route of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Micarelli
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, EURAC Research, I-39100 Bolzano, Italy
- ITER Center for Balance and Rehabilitation Research (ICBRR), 02032 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Daniela Caccamo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences and Morpho-functional Imaging, Polyclinic Hospital University, 98124 Messina, Italy;
| | - Marco Alessandrini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy;
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13
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Park KH, Kim HJ, Oh B, Seo M, Lee E, Ha J. Evaluation of human electroencephalogram change for sensory effects of fragrance. Skin Res Technol 2019; 25:526-531. [PMID: 30762249 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stabilizing effect of lavender and the arousal effect of peppermint essential oils are acknowledged and used widely in aromatherapy and the cosmetics industry. However, no evaluation method confirms the effects of essential oils through quantitative and objective electroencephalogram (EEG) results; instead, only a psychological and subjective method exists. Therefore, this study aims to create a new emotional cosmetic evaluation paradigm using EEG values. Moreover, it enables quantitative interpretation of the results in addition to the subjective survey outcomes. METHODS For this study, 12 healthy female Korean participants were recruited and three fragrances were used. The EEG results were collected for 3 minutes (1 minute each before, during, and after inhalation of every fragrance). RESULTS The quantitative EEG outcomes indicate changes in the participant's brainwaves before and after inhalation. Significant changes in the EEG were observed. Based on the results, the effects of fragrances were confirmed to be stabilizing for lavender, and arousing for peppermint and coffee aroma. Furthermore, the subjective questionnaire results indicate similar tendency as that of the quantitative EEG results. CONCLUSION In addition to psychological and subjective assessments, our emotional evaluation method can verify the cosmetic fragrance effects through quantitative and objective results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyun Joo Kim
- Skin Research Institute, IEC Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Bobae Oh
- Skin Research Institute, IEC Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Minji Seo
- Skin Research Institute, IEC Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Eunyoung Lee
- Skin Research Institute, IEC Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jaehyoun Ha
- Skin Research Institute, IEC Korea, Suwon, Korea
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14
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Kfoury N, Morimoto J, Kern A, Scott ER, Orians CM, Ahmed S, Griffin T, Cash SB, Stepp JR, Xue D, Long C, Robbat A. Striking changes in tea metabolites due to elevational effects. Food Chem 2018; 264:334-341. [PMID: 29853384 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Climate effects on crop quality at the molecular level are not well-understood. Gas and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to measure changes of hundreds of compounds in tea at different elevations in Yunnan Province, China. Some increased in concentration while others decreased by 100's of percent. Orthogonal projection to latent structures-discriminant analysis revealed compounds exhibiting analgesic, antianxiety, antibacterial, anticancer, antidepressant, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-stress, and cardioprotective properties statistically (p = 0.003) differentiated high from low elevation tea. Also, sweet, floral, honey-like notes were higher in concentration in the former while the latter displayed grassy, hay-like aroma. In addition, multivariate analysis of variance showed low elevation tea had statistically (p = 0.0062) higher concentrations of caffeine, epicatechin gallate, gallocatechin, and catechin; all bitter compounds. Although volatiles represent a small fraction of the total mass, this is the first comprehensive report illustrating how normal variations in temperature, 5 °C, due to elevational effects impact tea quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Kfoury
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA; Tufts University Sensory and Science Center, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Joshua Morimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Amanda Kern
- Tufts University Sensory and Science Center, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Eric R Scott
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Colin M Orians
- Tufts University Sensory and Science Center, Medford, MA 02155, USA; Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Selena Ahmed
- Department of Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Timothy Griffin
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Sean B Cash
- Tufts University Sensory and Science Center, Medford, MA 02155, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - John Richard Stepp
- Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Dayuan Xue
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlin Long
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Albert Robbat
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA; Tufts University Sensory and Science Center, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
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15
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Yoto A, Fukui N, Kaneda C, Torita S, Goto K, Nanjo F, Yokogoshi H. Black tea aroma inhibited increase of salivary chromogranin-A after arithmetic tasks. J Physiol Anthropol 2018; 37:3. [PMID: 29361988 PMCID: PMC5781314 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-018-0163-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Growing attention has been paid to the effects of food flavor components on alleviating negative brain functions caused by stressful lifestyles. In this study, we investigated the alleviating effect of two kinds of black tea aromas on physical and psychological stress induced by the Uchida-Kraepelin test, based on salivary chromogranin-A (CgA) levels as a stress marker and subjective evaluations (Profile of Mood States). Results Compared with the water exposure control, inhaling black tea aroma (Darjeeling and Assam in this study) induced lower salivary CgA concentration levels after 30 min of mental stress load tasks. This anti-stress effect of black tea aroma did not differ between the two tea types even though the concentration of the anti-stress components in the Darjeeling tea aroma was higher than that in the Assam aroma. However, Darjeeling tea aroma tended to decrease the tension and/or anxiety score immediately after the first exposure. Conclusions Inhaling black tea aroma may diminish stress levels caused by arithmetic mental stress tasks, and Darjeeling tea aroma tended to improve mood before mental stress load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Yoto
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan.
| | - Natsuki Fukui
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Chisa Kaneda
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Shoko Torita
- Food Research Laboratories, Mitsui Norin Co., Ltd., Fujieda, Japan
| | - Keiichi Goto
- Food Research Laboratories, Mitsui Norin Co., Ltd., Fujieda, Japan.,School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokai University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Fumio Nanjo
- Food Research Laboratories, Mitsui Norin Co., Ltd., Fujieda, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Yokogoshi
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
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16
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Kunihiro K, Myoda T, Tajima N, Gotoh K, Kaneshima T, Someya T, Toeda K, Fujimori T, Nishizawa M. Volatile Components of the Essential Oil of Artemisia montana and Their Sedative Effects. J Oleo Sci 2017; 66:843-849. [PMID: 28381767 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess16006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The sedative effects of volatile components in the essential oil of Artemisia montana ("Yomogi") were investigated and measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Major components identified included 1,8-cineol, camphor, borneol, α-piperitone, and caryophyllene oxide. Among them, 1,8-cineol exhibited the highest flavor dilution (FD) value in an aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA), followed by borneol, o-cymene, β-thujone, and bornyl acetate. The sedative effects of yomogi oil aroma were evaluated by sensory testing, analysis of salivary α-amylase activity, and measurement of relative fluctuation of oxygenated hemoglobin concentration in the brain using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). All results indicated the stress-reducing effects of the essential oil following nasal exposure, and according to the NIRS analysis, 1,8-cineol is likely responsible for the sedative effects of yomogi oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Kunihiro
- Department of Food and Cosmetic Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture.,ALBION co. ltd
| | - Takao Myoda
- Department of Food and Cosmetic Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture
| | | | - Kotaro Gotoh
- Department of Food and Cosmetic Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture
| | - Tai Kaneshima
- Department of Food and Cosmetic Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture
| | | | - Kazuki Toeda
- Department of Food and Cosmetic Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture
| | - Takane Fujimori
- Department of Food and Cosmetic Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture
| | - Makoto Nishizawa
- Department of Food and Cosmetic Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture
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17
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Sowndhararajan K, Kim S. Influence of Fragrances on Human Psychophysiological Activity: With Special Reference to Human Electroencephalographic Response. Sci Pharm 2016; 84:724-751. [PMID: 27916830 PMCID: PMC5198031 DOI: 10.3390/scipharm84040724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of fragrances such as perfumes and room fresheners on the psychophysiological activities of humans has been known for a long time, and its significance is gradually increasing in the medicinal and cosmetic industries. A fragrance consists of volatile chemicals with a molecular weight of less than 300 Da that humans perceive through the olfactory system. In humans, about 300 active olfactory receptor genes are devoted to detecting thousands of different fragrance molecules through a large family of olfactory receptors of a diverse protein sequence. The sense of smell plays an important role in the physiological effects of mood, stress, and working capacity. Electrophysiological studies have revealed that various fragrances affected spontaneous brain activities and cognitive functions, which are measured by an electroencephalograph (EEG). The EEG is a good temporal measure of responses in the central nervous system and it provides information about the physiological state of the brain both in health and disease. The EEG power spectrum is classified into different frequency bands such as delta (0.5-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha (8-13 Hz), beta (13-30 Hz) and gamma (30-50 Hz), and each band is correlated with different features of brain states. A quantitative EEG uses computer software to provide the topographic mapping of the brain activity in frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital brain regions. It is well known that decreases of alpha and beta activities and increases of delta and theta activities are associated with brain pathology and general cognitive decline. In the last few decades, many scientific studies were conducted to investigate the effect of inhalation of aroma on human brain functions. The studies have suggested a significant role for olfactory stimulation in the alteration of cognition, mood, and social behavior. This review aims to evaluate the available literature regarding the influence of fragrances on the psychophysiological activities of humans with special reference to EEG changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandhasamy Sowndhararajan
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
| | - Songmun Kim
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
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18
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Cheaha D, Issuriya A, Manor R, Kwangjai J, Rujiralai T, Kumarnsit E. Modification of sleep-waking and electroencephalogram induced by vetiver essential oil inhalation. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE RESEARCH 2016; 5:72-8. [PMID: 27069728 PMCID: PMC4805151 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20160208050736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Essential oils (EOs) have been claimed to modulate mental functions though the most of data were obtained from subjective methods of assessment. Direct effects of EO on brain function remained largely to be confirmed with scientific proof. This study aimed to demonstrate quantifiable and reproducible effects of commercial vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides) EO inhalation on sleep-waking and electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns in adult male Wistar rats. The experiments were conducted during November 2013 - February 2014. Materials and Methods: The following electrode implantation on the skull, control, and treated animals were subjected for EEG recording while inhaling water and vetiver EO (20 and 200 µl), respectively. Fast Fourier transform was used for analysis of EEG power spectrum. Results: One-way ANOVA analysis confirmed that vetiver EO inhalation significantly increased total waking and reduced slow-wave sleep time. Moreover, EO inhalation decreased alpha and beta1 activity in both frontal and parietal cortices and increased gamma activity in the frontal cortex. Changes in these frequencies began almost from the start of the inhalation. Conclusion: These data suggest refreshing properties of vetiver EO on electrical brain activity and alertness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania Cheaha
- Faculty of Medicine, Princess of Naradhiwas University, Khok Khian, Muang, Narathiwat, 96000, Thailand
| | - Acharaporn Issuriya
- Faculty of Veterinary Science (The Establishment Project), Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Rodiya Manor
- Department of Pre-clinic, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani campus, Thailand, Pattani, 94000, Thailand
| | - Jackapun Kwangjai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Thitima Rujiralai
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Ekkasit Kumarnsit
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
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19
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Elsharif SA, Banerjee A, Buettner A. Structure-odor relationships of linalool, linalyl acetate and their corresponding oxygenated derivatives. Front Chem 2015; 3:57. [PMID: 26501053 PMCID: PMC4594031 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2015.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Linalool 1 is an odorant that is commonly perceived as having a pleasant odor, but is also known to elicit physiological effects such as inducing calmness and enhancing sleep. However, no comprehensive studies are at hand to show which structural features are responsible for these prominent effects. Therefore, a total of six oxygenated derivatives were synthesized from both 1 and linalyl acetate 2, and were tested for their odor qualities and relative odor thresholds (OTs) in air. Linalool was found to be the most potent odorant among the investigated compounds, with an average OT of 3.2 ng/L, while the 8-hydroxylinalool derivative was the least odorous compound with an OT of 160 ng/L; 8-carboxylinalool was found to be odorless. The odorant 8-oxolinalyl acetate, which has very similar odor properties to linalool, was the most potent odorant besides linalool, exhibiting an OT of 5.9 ng/L. By comparison, 8-carboxylinalyl acetate had a similar OT (6.1 ng/L) as its corresponding 8-oxo derivative but exhibited divergent odor properties (fatty, greasy, musty). Overall, oxygenation on carbon 8 had a substantial effect on the aroma profiles of structural derivatives of linalool and linalyl acetate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa A Elsharif
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Food Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ashutosh Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrea Buettner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Food Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Erlangen, Germany ; Department of Sensory Analytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging Freising, Germany
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20
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Yoto A, Murao S, Nakamura Y, Yokogoshi H. Intake of green tea inhibited increase of salivary chromogranin A after mental task stress loads. J Physiol Anthropol 2014; 33:20. [PMID: 25034805 PMCID: PMC4118660 DOI: 10.1186/1880-6805-33-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Green tea has become renowned for its health benefits. In this study, we investigated the anti-stress effect of two kinds of green tea against a mental stress task load. METHODS Warm water, ordinary green tea (Sagara), and shaded white tea, which contains more amino acid components than Sagara, were used as test samples in a randomized cross-over design study. Eighteen students (nine male and nine female) participated in three experimental trials on different days at intervals of seven days. Saliva was collected before beverage intake and after performing the mental stress load tasks. Concentration of chromogranin A (CgA) in the saliva was used as an index of autonomic nervous system activity. RESULTS CgA level increased after the mental tasks, but intake of green tea inhibited this increase; the anti-stress effect was even greater after consumption of shaded white tea. Intake of shaded white tea also lowered Total Mood Disturbance (TMD) score on the Profile of Mood States (POMS); subjects in this condition tended to perform more calculations in the arithmetic task than those in the warm water treatment condition. CONCLUSIONS Salivary CgA concentration levels increased after mental stress load tasks, but ingestion of green tea inhibited this increase. This anti-stress effect was larger after the consumption of shaded white tea than after Sagara. Shaded white tea intake also lowered TMD score (POMS) and tended to improve performance on an arithmetic task compared to warm water, suggesting that shaded white tea might also improve mood during and after mental stress load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Yoto
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan.
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21
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Angelucci FL, Silva VV, Dal Pizzol C, Spir LG, Praes CEO, Maibach H. Physiological effect of olfactory stimuli inhalation in humans: an overview. Int J Cosmet Sci 2014; 36:117-23. [PMID: 24117755 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The importance of odorants in human life has long been recognized. Literature contains different approaches of physiological and psychological effects of odorant compounds, fragrances and essential oils. This work discusses odorants inhalation effect, based on an overview of major studies in humans. Beneficial effect of fragrances is mainly related to human behaviour. Studies document odorants influence in sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, and neurophysiological brain activity. Moreover, odours compounds can act on the neuroendocrine system, neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, influencing psychological behaviour as well as body function. Odorant inhalation modulates physiological pathways, and in some cases, results in skin function regulation. The mechanism is incompletely elucidated. These findings suggest that olfactory system plays a role in central nervous system function beyond that of smell. In this overview, it was observed that odour compounds influenced stress biomarkers, dehydroepiandrosterone, oxidative stress, estradiol, dopamine, cutaneous barrier, sebum secretion and cutaneous immune system in humans. Some can be related with skin function. As the skin is associated with an extensive biochemical cascade and has complex mechanisms, studies have far to go, as there are processes not yet investigated related to skin that may be affected through olfaction. Future researches are needed to further understand and describe the mechanisms of action of physiological effects in fragrance compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Angelucci
- Grupo Boticário, Research & Development, Alfredo Pinto St. 1500, São José dos Pinhais, Paraná, 83065-150, Brazil
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22
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Kako H, Kobayashi Y, Yokogoshi H. Dopamine release from rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells and rat brain striata induced by a series of straight carbon chain aldehydes with variations in carbon chain length and functional groups. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 691:86-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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23
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Kako H, Kobayashi Y, Yokogoshi H. Effects of n-hexanal on dopamine release in the striatum of living rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 651:77-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2010] [Revised: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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24
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Effects of scoparone on dopamine release in PC12 cells. Fitoterapia 2010; 81:497-502. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2010.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Revised: 01/05/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Kobayashi Y, Kako H, Yokogoshi H. Contribution of Intracellular Ca2+ Concentration and Protein Dephosphorylation to the Induction of Dopamine Release from PC12 cells by the Green Odor Compound Hexanal. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2009; 30:173-84. [PMID: 19693664 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-009-9440-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry and Global COE (Center of Excellence) Program, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada 52-1, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
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26
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Yang YJ, Lee HJ, Huang HS, Lee BK, Choi HS, Lim SC, Lee CK, Lee MK. Effects of scoparone on dopamine biosynthesis and L-DOPA-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells. J Neurosci Res 2009; 87:1929-37. [PMID: 19185027 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The effects of scoparone on dopamine biosynthesis and L-DOPA-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells were investigated. PC12 cells treated with scoparone at concentrations of 100-200 microM showed a 128-136% increase in dopamine levels over the course of 24 hr. Scoparone significantly increased the secretion of dopamine into the culture medium. Under the same conditions, the activities of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) were enhanced by treatment with 200 microM scoparone for 6-48 hr, but the activity of TH was regulated for a longer period than that of AADC. The intracellular levels of cyclic AMP and Ca(2+) were increased by treatment with 200 microM scoparone. The levels of TH mRNA and the phosphorylation of cyclic AMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) were also significantly increased by treatment with 200 microM scoparone. In addition, scoparone at a concentration of 200 microM stimulated the activities of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), protein kinase C (PKC), and Ca(2+)/calmodulin kinase II (CaMK II). Finally, pretreatment with 200 microM scoparone reduced the cytotoxicity induced by L-DOPA (20-100 microM) at 24 hr. These results suggest that scoparone enhances dopamine biosynthesis by regulating TH activity and TH gene expression, which is mediated by the PKA, CREB, PKC, and CaMK II pathways, and protects cells from L-DOPA-induced cytotoxicity by inducing cyclic AMP-PKA systems in PC12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Jung Yang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Center for Bioresources and Health, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
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