1
|
Yücel G, Arslan AK, Özgör B, Güngör S. Risk factors for epilepsy following arterial ischemic stroke childhood: A retrospective cohort study. Epilepsy Behav 2024; 157:109873. [PMID: 38936215 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.109873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
AIM PSE is reported more frequently in childhood than in adults. In this study, we aimed to investigate potential risk factors for the development of post-stroke epilepsy (PSE) in children with arterial ischemic stroke (AIS). MATERIAL METHODS The current retrospective cohort study included the medical records of 50 pediatric participants (aged 29 days to 18 years) diagnosed with AIS at a university hospital between January 2006 and December 2023. All information of the patients who were followed for at least two years for the development of PSE after AIS was entered into the hospital database and recorded in a pre-designed questionnaire. Acute symptomatic seizures were defined as seizures occurring within 7 days after stroke. Two or more late seizures occurring after the acute period (>7 days) were classified as PSE. The incidence of PSE and potential risk factors were investigated. RESULTS After AIS, more than half of the patients (58 %) developed acute seizures and almost one-third (38 %) developed PSE. Risk factors associated with the development of PSE, very early seizures (within the first six hours), high stroke severity, cortical lesions, neurological deficits and low serum vitamin D levels were detected (p = 0.05, p = 0.036, p = 0.011, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION Seizures within the first six hours, high stroke severity, and neurological deficits are important risk factors for the development of PSE in children. Knowing the potential risk factors of PSE may be helpful for clinicians to identify high-risk patients. It can also contribute to treatment decision-making and post-discharge follow-up planning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gül Yücel
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Inönü University, Malatya, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Kadir Arslan
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Inönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Bilge Özgör
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Inönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Serdal Güngör
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Inönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gharehaghaji SH, Panahi Y, Khalilzadeh E, Saiah GV. In vivo electrophysiological study of vitamin D3 protective effects on PTZ-induced seizures in rats. Res Pharm Sci 2022; 18:59-66. [PMID: 36846737 PMCID: PMC9951785 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.363596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose The purpose of the current study was to investigate the protective effects of acute and chronic administration of different doses of vitamin D3 on pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced epileptiform activities in rats. Experimental approach Sixty Wistar rats in chronic and acute groups were used in this study. In the chronic groups, animals received vitamin D3 at 50, 100, and 150 μg/kg; vitamin D3 (50 μg/kg, i.p.) + diazepam (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.), and almond oil (i.p.) daily for two weeks whereas, in the acute groups the animal received a single dose of chemicals just 30 min before PTZ administration. The electrophysiological recording was performed by implanting a unilateral bipolar electrode in the pyramidal cell layer of the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Epileptic activities were induced by intraperitoneal injection of PTZ (80 mg/kg, i.p.). The spike count and amplitude were analyzed using the eTrace software. Finding/Results Chronic administration of all doses of vitamin D3 and its combination with diazepam significantly reduced both spike counts and amplitudes following PTZ administration. While the acute doses were ineffective. Conclusion and implication The results of the study indicated that chronic but not acute administration of vitamin D3 has a protective effect on PTZ-induced epileptiform activity in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hosseinchi Gharehaghaji
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, I.R. Iran
| | - Yousef Panahi
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, I.R. Iran,Corresponding author: Y. Panahi Tel & Fax: +98-4136378743
| | - Emad Khalilzadeh
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, I.R. Iran
| | - Gholamreza Vafaei Saiah
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, I.R. Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jiang H, Zhang S. Therapeutic effect of acute and chronic use of different doses of vitamin D3 on seizure responses and cognitive impairments induced by pentylenetetrazole in immature male rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:84-95. [PMID: 35656438 PMCID: PMC9118278 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.60123.13328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): This study aimed to evaluate the effects of acute and chronic intake of different doses of vitamin D3 on seizure responses and cognitive impairment induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in immature male rats. Materials and Methods: Sixty-six immature male NMRI rats were divided into control (10), epileptic (10), and treatment groups (46). The stage 5 latency (S5L) and stage 5 duration (S5D) were assessed along with the shuttle box test. Levels of antioxidant enzymes and inflammatory factors along with genes involved in inflammation, oxidative damage, apoptosis, and mTORc1 were measured in the hippocampus tissue of the brain of controlled and treated rats. Serum levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus were also assessed. Results: The results showed that the ability to learn, memory consolidation, and memory retention in epileptic rats were reduced. In addition, S5D increased and S5L decreased in epileptic rats, while being effectively ameliorated by chronic and acute vitamin D intake. The results showed that vitamin D in different doses acutely and chronically decreased the levels of oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers in hippocampus tissue and inhibited the expression of genes involved in inflammation, oxidative damage, apoptosis, and mTORc1 in the hippocampus tissue of epileptic rats. Conclusion: The results showed that vitamin D in different doses acutely and chronically could improve cognitive impairments and convulsive responses in epileptic rats by improving neurotransmission, inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jiang
- Department of Pediatric, Weinan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Weinan, 714000, China
| | - Suying Zhang
- Department of Child Health, Weinan Central Hospital, Weinan, 714000, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Polat İ, Yiş U, Ayanoğlu M, Okur D, Edem P, Paketçi C, Bayram E, Hız Kurul S. Risk Factors of Post-Stroke Epilepsy in Children; Experience from a Tertiary Center and a Brief Review of the Literature. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2020; 30:105438. [PMID: 33197802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Acute seizures and post-stroke epilepsy have been reported more frequently in patients with pediatric stroke than adults. Acute seizures in the first days of a stroke may deteriorate stroke and ischemia-related neurodegeneration and contribute to the development of post-stroke epilepsy. In this study, we aimed to investigate risk factors for the development of post-stroke epilepsy in children with arterial ischemic stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS We recruited 86 children with arterial ischemic stroke. We analyzed variables, including age at admission, gender, complaints at presentation, focal or diffuse neurologic signs, neurologic examination findings, laboratory investigations that were conducted at admission with stroke (complete blood cell count, biochemical-infectious-metabolic-immunological investigations, vitamin B12 levels, vitamin D levels), neuroimaging results, etiologies, time of the first seizure, time of remote seizures, and development of neurologic deficit retrospectively. Seizures during the first six hours after stroke onset were defined as 'very early seizures'. 'Early seizures' were referred to seizures during the first 48 h. Patients who experienced two or more seizures that occurred after the acute phase of seizures were classified as 'epileptic.' A binary logistic regression analysis was used to estimate risk factors. RESULTS An acute seizure was detected in 59% and post-stroke epilepsy developed in 41% of our cohort. Binary logistic regression analysis demonstrated that 'very early seizures' increased epilepsy risk six-fold. Epilepsy was 16 times higher in patients with 'early seizures'. Low vitamin D levels were defined as a risk factor for post-stroke epilepsy. CONCLUSION Seizures in the very early period (within the first six hours) are the most significant risk factors for the development of post-stroke epilepsy Further studies regarding seizure prevention and neuroprotective therapies are needed because post-stroke epilepsy will affect long term prognosis in patients with pediatric stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- İpek Polat
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Narlıdere, Turkey.
| | - Uluç Yiş
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Narlıdere, Turkey.
| | - Müge Ayanoğlu
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Narlıdere, Turkey.
| | - Derya Okur
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Narlıdere, Turkey.
| | - Pınar Edem
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Narlıdere, Turkey.
| | - Cem Paketçi
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Narlıdere, Turkey.
| | - Erhan Bayram
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Narlıdere, Turkey.
| | - Semra Hız Kurul
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Narlıdere, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Epilepsy is considered a major serious chronic neurological disorder, characterized by recurrent seizures. It is usually associated with a history of a lesion in the nervous system. Irregular activation of inflammatory molecules in the injured tissue is an important factor in the development of epilepsy. It is unclear how the imbalanced regulation of inflammatory mediators contributes to epilepsy. A recent research goal is to identify interconnected inflammation pathways which may be involved in the development of epilepsy. The clinical use of available antiepileptic drugs is often restricted by their limitations, incidence of several side effects, and drug interactions. So development of new drugs, which modulate epilepsy through novel mechanisms, is necessary. Alternative therapies and diet have recently reported positive treatment outcomes in epilepsy. Vitamin D (Vit D) has shown prophylactic and therapeutic potential in different neurological disorders. So, the aim of current study was to review the associations between different brain inflammatory mediators and epileptogenesis, to strengthen the idea that targeting inflammatory pathway may be an effective therapeutic strategy to prevent or treat epilepsy. In addition, neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of Vit D in clinical and preclinical studies of epilepsy were reviewed.
Collapse
|
6
|
Mahfoz AM, Abdel-Wahab AF, Afify MA, Shahzad N, Ibrahim IAA, ElSawy NA, Bamagous GA, Al Ghamdi SS. Neuroprotective effects of vitamin D alone or in combination with lamotrigine against lithium-pilocarpine model of status epilepticus in rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 390:977-985. [PMID: 28687854 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-017-1400-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Status epilepticus (SE) is considered one of the major serious forms of epilepsy with high mortality rate. Since the currently available antiepileptic drugs have low efficacy and high adverse effects, new more efficient and safe therapies are critically needed. There is increasing evidence supporting dietary and alternative therapies for epilepsy, including the ketogenic diet, modified Atkins diet, and omega-3 fatty acids. Recent studies have shown significant prophylactic and therapeutic potential of vitamin D (vit-D) use in many neurological disorders. Therefore, in the present study, the neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of vit-D alone or in combination with lamotrigine have been evaluated in the lithium-pilocarpine model of SE in rats. Rats were divided into five groups: normal group, SE group, lamotrigine (25 mg/kg/day) pretreated group, vit-D (1.5 mcg/kg/day) pretreated group, and group pretreated with vit-D and lamotrigine for 2 weeks. At the end of treatment, SE was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of LiCl (127 mg/kg), followed 24 h later by pilocarpine (30 mg/kg). Seizures' latency, cognitive performance in Morris water maze, brain oxidative stress biomarkers (glutathione, lipid peroxides, and nitric oxide), brain neurochemistry (γ-aminobutyric acid and glutamate), and brain histopathology have been evaluated. Vit-D prevented pilocarpine-induced behavioral impairments and oxidative stress in the brain; these results were improved in combination with lamotrigine. Vit-D has a promising antiepileptic, neuroprotective, and antioxidant effects. It can be provided to patients as a supportive treatment besides antiepileptic drugs. However, clinical trials are needed to establish its efficacy and safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amal M Mahfoz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ali F Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Afify
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naiyer Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A A Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naser A ElSawy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghazi A Bamagous
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed S Al Ghamdi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Heischmann S, Quinn K, Cruickshank-Quinn C, Liang LP, Reisdorph R, Reisdorph N, Patel M. Exploratory Metabolomics Profiling in the Kainic Acid Rat Model Reveals Depletion of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 during Epileptogenesis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31424. [PMID: 27526857 PMCID: PMC4985632 DOI: 10.1038/srep31424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, no reliable markers are available to evaluate the epileptogenic potential of a brain injury. The electroencephalogram is the standard method of diagnosis of epilepsy; however, it is not used to predict the risk of developing epilepsy. Biomarkers that indicate an individual's risk to develop epilepsy, especially those measurable in the periphery are urgently needed. Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), the most common form of acquired epilepsy, is characterized by spontaneous recurrent seizures following brain injury and a seizure-free "latent" period. Elucidation of mechanisms at play during epilepsy development (epileptogenesis) in animal models of TLE could enable the identification of predictive biomarkers. Our pilot study using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomics analysis revealed changes (p-value ≤ 0.05, ≥1.5-fold change) in lipid, purine, and sterol metabolism in rat plasma and hippocampus during epileptogenesis and chronic epilepsy in the kainic acid model of TLE. Notably, disease development was associated with dysregulation of vitamin D3 metabolism at all stages and plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 depletion in the acute and latent phase of injury-induced epileptogenesis. These data suggest that plasma VD3 metabolites reflect the severity of an epileptogenic insult and that a panel of plasma VD3 metabolites may be able to serve as a marker of epileptogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Heischmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, School of Pharmacy, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Kevin Quinn
- Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | | | - Li-Ping Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, School of Pharmacy, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Rick Reisdorph
- Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Nichole Reisdorph
- Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Manisha Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, School of Pharmacy, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sonmez FM, Donmez A, Namuslu M, Canbal M, Orun E. Vitamin D Deficiency in Children With Newly Diagnosed Idiopathic Epilepsy. J Child Neurol 2015; 30:1428-32. [PMID: 25637647 DOI: 10.1177/0883073814566627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have shown a link between vitamin D deficiency and epilepsy. This study includes 60 newly diagnosed idiopathic epilepsy patients and 101 healthy controls (between the ages of 5 and 16). Each group was also divided into two subgroups according to seasonal changes in terms of months of longer versus shorter daylight. We retrospectively evaluated the levels of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone, and 25-OH vitamin-D3 in the study participants. Levels below 20 ng/ml were defined as vitamin D deficiency and levels of 20-30 ng/ml as insufficiency. There were no significant differences in age, gender distribution and levels of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone between the groups. The level of 25-OH vitamin-D3 in the patient group was significantly lower when compared to the control group (p < 0.05) (14.07 ± 8.12 and 23.38 ± 12.80 ng/ml, respectively). This difference also held true when evaluation was made according to seasonal evaluation (12.38 ± 6.53 and 17.64 ± 1.14 in shorter daylight and 18.71 ± 9.87 and 30.82 ± 1.04 in longer daylight).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahsen Donmez
- Department of Pediatrics, Turgut Ozal University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Namuslu
- Department of Biochemistry, Turgut Ozal University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Metin Canbal
- Department of Family Medicine, Turgut Ozal University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emel Orun
- Department of Pediatrics, Turgut Ozal University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Effect of cholecalciferol on the anticonvulsant action of some second generation antiepileptic drugs in the mouse model of maximal electroshock. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:875-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
10
|
Millet P, Landel V, Virard I, Morello M, Féron F. Rôles bénéfiques de la vitamine D sur la neurodégénérescence et les troubles mentaux. CAHIERS DE NUTRITION ET DE DIETETIQUE 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cnd.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
11
|
The effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:961438. [PMID: 24982916 PMCID: PMC4055633 DOI: 10.1155/2014/961438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Corticosteroids cause muscle atrophy by acting on proteasomal and lysosomal systems and by affecting pathways related to muscular trophysm, such as the IGF-1/PI-3k/Akt/mTOR. Omega-3 fatty acid (n-3) has been used beneficially to attenuate muscle atrophy linked to sepsis and cachexia; however, its effect on dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy has not been evaluated. Objectives. We evaluated whether n-3 supplementation could mitigate the development of dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy. Methods. Two groups of Wistar rats were orally supplemented with n-3 or vehicle solution for 40 days. In the last 10 days, dexamethasone, or saline solution, was administrated establishing four groups: control, dexamethasone, n-3, and dexamethasone + n-3. The cross-sectional areas of muscle fibers, gene expression (MyoD, Myogenin, MuRF-1, and Atrogin-1), and protein expression (Akt, GSK3β, FOXO3a, and mTOR) were assessed. Results. Dexamethasone induced a significant loss in body and muscle weight, atrophy in type 2B fibers, and decreased expression of P-Akt, P-GSK3β, and P-FOXO3a. N-3 supplementation did not attenuate the negative effects of dexamethasone on skeletal muscle; instead, it caused atrophy in type 1, 2A, reduced the expression of Myogenin, and increased the expression of Atrogin-1. Conclusion. Food supplements containing n-3 are usually healthful, but they may potentiate some of the side effects of glucocorticoids.
Collapse
|
12
|
Elliott JO. Possible methods for the prevention of bone loss in persons with epilepsy. Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 9:797-812. [DOI: 10.1586/ern.09.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
13
|
Cui X, Pelekanos M, Liu PY, Burne THJ, McGrath JJ, Eyles DW. The vitamin D receptor in dopamine neurons; its presence in human substantia nigra and its ontogenesis in rat midbrain. Neuroscience 2013; 236:77-87. [PMID: 23352937 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that vitamin D is a neuroactive steroid capable of regulating multiple pathways important for both brain development and mature brain function. In particular, there is evidence from rodent models that prenatal vitamin D deficiency alters the development of dopaminergic pathways and this disruption is associated with altered behavior and neurochemistry in the adult brain. Although the presence of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) has been noted in the human substantia nigra, there is a lack of direct evidence showing that VDR is present in dopaminergic cells. Here we confirm that the VDR is present in the nucleus of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons in both the human and rat substantia nigra, and it emerges early in development in the rat, between embryonic day 12 (E12) and E15. Consistent evidence based on immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR and western blot confirmed a pattern of increasing VDR expression in the rat midbrain until weaning. The nuclear expression of VDR in TH-positive neurons during critical periods of brain development suggests that alterations in early life vitamin D status may influence the orderly development of dopaminergic neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Cui
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Qld 4072, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Neurosteroid vitamin D system as a nontraditional drug target in neuropsychopharmacology. Behav Pharmacol 2010; 21:420-6. [DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0b013e32833c850f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
15
|
Vitamin D, a neuro-immunomodulator: implications for neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2009; 34 Suppl 1:S265-77. [PMID: 19545951 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2009] [Revised: 05/20/2009] [Accepted: 05/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
It has been known for more than 20 years that vitamin D exerts marked effects on immune and neural cells. These non-classical actions of vitamin D have recently gained a renewed attention since it has been shown that diminished levels of vitamin D induce immune-mediated symptoms in animal models of autoimmune diseases and is a risk factor for various brain diseases. For example, it has been demonstrated that vitamin D (i) modulates the production of several neurotrophins, (ii) up-regulates Interleukin-4 and (iii) inhibits the differentiation and survival of dendritic cells, resulting in impaired allo-reactive T cell activation. Not surprisingly, vitamin D has been found to be a strong candidate risk-modifying factor for Multiple Sclerosis (MS), the most prevalent neurological and inflammatory disease in the young adult population. Vitamin D is a seco-steroid hormone, produced photochemically in the animal epidermis. The action of ultraviolet light (UVB) on 7-dehydrocholesterol results in the production of pre-vitamin D which, after thermo-conversion and two separate hydroxylations, gives rise to the active 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Vitamin D acts through two types of receptors: (i) the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a member of the steroid/thyroid hormone superfamily of transcription factors, and (ii) the MARRS (membrane associated, rapid response steroid binding) receptor, also known as Erp57/Grp58. In this article, we review some of the mechanisms that may underlie the role of vitamin D in various brain diseases. We then assess how vitamin D imbalance may lay the foundation for a range of adult disorders, including brain pathologies (Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, depression) and immune-mediated disorders (rheumatoid arthritis, type I diabetes mellitus, systemic lupus erythematosus or inflammatory bowel diseases). Multidisciplinary scientific collaborations are now required to fully appreciate the complex role of vitamin D in mammal metabolism.
Collapse
|
16
|
Scorza FA, Albuquerque MD, Arida RM, Terra VC, Machado HR, Cavalheiro EA. Benefits of sunlight: vitamin D deficiency might increase the risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. Med Hypotheses 2009; 74:158-61. [PMID: 19666211 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2009.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Accepted: 07/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is the most common serious neurological condition and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the most important direct epilepsy-related cause of death. Information concerning risk factors for SUDEP is conflicting, but high seizure frequency is a potential risk factor. Additionally, potential pathomechanisms for SUDEP are unknown, but it is very probable that cardiac arrhythmias during and between seizures or transmission of epileptic activity to the heart via the autonomic nervous system potentially play a role. In parallel, studies have shown a link between vitamin D dysfunction and epilepsy. Moreover, several evidences in the literature suggest an association between low vitamin D and seizures, indicating the possibility of anticonvulsant properties of this hormone. Quite interesting, a growing body of data suggests that low vitamin D levels may adversely affect cardiovascular health, directly associated with death from heart failure and sudden cardiac death. In view of the above findings, our research group focused in this review article that SUDEP, at least in some cases, could be related with low vitamin D levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio A Scorza
- Disciplina de Neurologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Marini F, Bartoccini E, Cascianelli G, Voccoli V, Baviglia MG, Magni MV, Garcia-Gil M, Albi E. Effect of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in embryonic hippocampal cells. Hippocampus 2009; 20:696-705. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.20670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|