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Brunner B, Ari C, D’Agostino DP, Kovács Z. Adenosine Receptors Modulate the Exogenous Ketogenic Supplement-Evoked Alleviating Effect on Lipopolysaccharide-Generated Increase in Absence Epileptic Activity in WAG/Rij Rats. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114082. [PMID: 34836344 PMCID: PMC8623289 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been previously demonstrated that KEKS food containing exogenous ketogenic supplement ketone salt (KS) and ketone ester (KE) decreased the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-generated increase in SWD (spike-wave discharge) number in Wistar Albino Glaxo/Rijswijk (WAG/Rij) rats, likely through ketosis. KEKS-supplemented food-generated ketosis may increase adenosine levels, and may thus modulate both neuroinflammatory processes and epileptic activity through adenosine receptors (such as A1Rs and A2ARs). To determine whether these adenosine receptors are able to modify the KEKS food-generated alleviating effect on LPS-evoked increases in SWD number, an antagonist of A1R DPCPX (1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine; 0.2 mg/kg) with LPS (50 µg/kg) and an antagonist of A2AR SCH58261 (7-(2-phenylethyl)-5-amino-2-(2-furyl)-pyrazolo-[4,3-e]-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine; 0.5 mg/kg) with LPS were co-injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) on the ninth day of KEKS food administration, and their influence not only on the SWD number, but also on blood glucose, R-beta-hydroxybutyrate (R-βHB) levels, and body weight were measured. We showed that inhibition of A1Rs abolished the alleviating effect of KEKS food on LPS-generated increases in the SWD number, whereas blocking A2ARs did not significantly modify the KEKS food-generated beneficial effect. Our results suggest that the neuromodulatory benefits of KEKS-supplemented food on absence epileptic activity are mediated primarily through A1R, not A2AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitta Brunner
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Str. 6, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
- Savaria University Centre, Department of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Károlyi Gáspár tér 4, 9700 Szombathely, Hungary;
| | - Csilla Ari
- Ketone Technologies LLC, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(813)-2409925
| | - Dominic P. D’Agostino
- Ketone Technologies LLC, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Ocala, FL 34471, USA
| | - Zsolt Kovács
- Savaria University Centre, Department of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Károlyi Gáspár tér 4, 9700 Szombathely, Hungary;
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Beamer E, Kuchukulla M, Boison D, Engel T. ATP and adenosine-Two players in the control of seizures and epilepsy development. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 204:102105. [PMID: 34144123 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite continuous advances in understanding the underlying pathogenesis of hyperexcitable networks and lowered seizure thresholds, the treatment of epilepsy remains a clinical challenge. Over one third of patients remain resistant to current pharmacological interventions. Moreover, even when effective in suppressing seizures, current medications are merely symptomatic without significantly altering the course of the disease. Much effort is therefore invested in identifying new treatments with novel mechanisms of action, effective in drug-refractory epilepsy patients, and with the potential to modify disease progression. Compelling evidence has demonstrated that the purines, ATP and adenosine, are key mediators of the epileptogenic process. Extracellular ATP concentrations increase dramatically under pathological conditions, where it functions as a ligand at a host of purinergic receptors. ATP, however, also forms a substrate pool for the production of adenosine, via the action of an array of extracellular ATP degrading enzymes. ATP and adenosine have assumed largely opposite roles in coupling neuronal excitability to energy homeostasis in the brain. This review integrates and critically discusses novel findings regarding how ATP and adenosine control seizures and the development of epilepsy. This includes purine receptor P1 and P2-dependent mechanisms, release and reuptake mechanisms, extracellular and intracellular purine metabolism, and emerging receptor-independent effects of purines. Finally, possible purine-based therapeutic strategies for seizure suppression and disease modification are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Beamer
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; Centre for Bioscience, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, All Saints Campus, Manchester M15 6BH, UK
| | - Manvitha Kuchukulla
- Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson & New Jersey Medical Schools, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Detlev Boison
- Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson & New Jersey Medical Schools, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Tobias Engel
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; FutureNeuro, Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland.
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Gobbo D, Scheller A, Kirchhoff F. From Physiology to Pathology of Cortico-Thalamo-Cortical Oscillations: Astroglia as a Target for Further Research. Front Neurol 2021; 12:661408. [PMID: 34177766 PMCID: PMC8219957 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.661408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The electrographic hallmark of childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) and other idiopathic forms of epilepsy are 2.5-4 Hz spike and wave discharges (SWDs) originating from abnormal electrical oscillations of the cortico-thalamo-cortical network. SWDs are generally associated with sudden and brief non-convulsive epileptic events mostly generating impairment of consciousness and correlating with attention and learning as well as cognitive deficits. To date, SWDs are known to arise from locally restricted imbalances of excitation and inhibition in the deep layers of the primary somatosensory cortex. SWDs propagate to the mostly GABAergic nucleus reticularis thalami (NRT) and the somatosensory thalamic nuclei that project back to the cortex, leading to the typical generalized spike and wave oscillations. Given their shared anatomical basis, SWDs have been originally considered the pathological transition of 11-16 Hz bursts of neural oscillatory activity (the so-called sleep spindles) occurring during Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) sleep, but more recent research revealed fundamental functional differences between sleep spindles and SWDs, suggesting the latter could be more closely related to the slow (<1 Hz) oscillations alternating active (Up) and silent (Down) cortical activity and concomitantly occurring during NREM. Indeed, several lines of evidence support the fact that SWDs impair sleep architecture as well as sleep/wake cycles and sleep pressure, which, in turn, affect seizure circadian frequency and distribution. Given the accumulating evidence on the role of astroglia in the field of epilepsy in the modulation of excitation and inhibition in the brain as well as on the development of aberrant synchronous network activity, we aim at pointing at putative contributions of astrocytes to the physiology of slow-wave sleep and to the pathology of SWDs. Particularly, we will address the astroglial functions known to be involved in the control of network excitability and synchronicity and so far mainly addressed in the context of convulsive seizures, namely (i) interstitial fluid homeostasis, (ii) K+ clearance and neurotransmitter uptake from the extracellular space and the synaptic cleft, (iii) gap junction mechanical and functional coupling as well as hemichannel function, (iv) gliotransmission, (v) astroglial Ca2+ signaling and downstream effectors, (vi) reactive astrogliosis and cytokine release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Gobbo
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Anja Scheller
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
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Enhancement of Ketone Supplements-Evoked Effect on Absence Epileptic Activity by Co-Administration of Uridine in Wistar Albino Glaxo Rijswijk Rats. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13010234. [PMID: 33467454 PMCID: PMC7830695 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Both uridine and exogenous ketone supplements decreased the number of spike-wave discharges (SWDs) in a rat model of human absence epilepsy Wistar Albino Glaxo/Rijswijk (WAG/Rij) rats. It has been suggested that alleviating influence of both uridine and ketone supplements on absence epileptic activity may be modulated by A1 type adenosine receptors (A1Rs). The first aim was to determine whether intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of a specific A1R antagonist 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX; 0.2 mg/kg) and a selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonist (7-(2-phenylethyl)-5-amino-2-(2-furyl)-pyrazolo-[4,3-e]-1,2,4-triazolo [1,5-c]pyrimidine) (SCH 58261; 0.5 mg/kg) have a modulatory influence on i.p. 1000 mg/kg uridine-evoked effects on SWD number in WAG/Rij rats. The second aim was to assess efficacy of a sub-effective dose of uridine (i.p. 250 mg/kg) combined with beta-hydroxybutyrate salt + medium chain triglyceride (KSMCT; 2.5 g/kg, gavage) on absence epilepsy. DPCPX completely abolished the i.p. 1000 mg/kg uridine-evoked alleviating effect on SWD number whereas SCH 58261 was ineffective, confirming the A1R mechanism. Moreover, the sub-effective dose of uridine markedly enhanced the effect of KSMCT (2.5 g/kg, gavage) on absence epileptic activity. These results demonstrate the anti-epilepsy benefits of co-administrating uridine and exogenous ketone supplements as a means to treat absence epilepsy.
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Dede F, Karadenizli S, Ozsoy OD, Eraldemir FC, Sahin D, Ates N. Antagonism of adenosinergic system decrease SWD occurrence via an increment in thalamic NFkB and IL-6 in absence epilepsy. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 326:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Fedotova IB, Nikolaev GM, Perepelkina OV, Belosludtseva NV, Mironova GD, Poletaeva II. Study of Uridine Effect on the Development of Audiogenic Tonic Seizures in Krushinsky-Molodkina Strain Rats. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2018; 481:125-127. [PMID: 30171462 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496618040014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The latency of tonic seizure in response to loud sound (in rats of the Krushinsky-Molodkina strain with audiogenic epilepsy) had been slightly (although statistically significantly) longer after chronic uridine injections (100 mg/kg, i.p., three times a day during 9 or 12 days). The recovery time from the tonic seizure was shorter after 12 days of injections in comparison to the 9-day injection period. At the same time, the intensity of tonic seizures provoked by loud sound did not change after chronic uridine injections. The lack of uridine anticonvulsive effect demonstrated in the audiogenic epilepsy model contradicts the anticonvulsant effects of uridine in experiments with other seizure models, in which the epileptic foci were localized in the forebrain structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- I B Fedotova
- Biology Department, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - G M Nikolaev
- Biology Department, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - O V Perepelkina
- Biology Department, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - N V Belosludtseva
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Poushchino, Moscow oblast, 142290, Russia
| | - G D Mironova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Poushchino, Moscow oblast, 142290, Russia
| | - I I Poletaeva
- Biology Department, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
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Alves M, Beamer E, Engel T. The Metabotropic Purinergic P2Y Receptor Family as Novel Drug Target in Epilepsy. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:193. [PMID: 29563872 PMCID: PMC5851315 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy encompasses a heterogeneous group of neurological syndromes which are characterized by recurrent seizures affecting over 60 million people worldwide. Current anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are mainly designed to target ion channels and/or GABA or glutamate receptors. Despite recent advances in drug development, however, pharmacoresistance in epilepsy remains as high as 30%, suggesting the need for the development of new AEDs with a non-classical mechanism of action. Neuroinflammation is increasingly recognized as one of the key players in seizure generation and in the maintenance of the epileptic phenotype. Consequently, targeting signaling molecules involved in inflammatory processes may represent new avenues to improve treatment in epilepsy. Nucleotides such as adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP) and uridine-5′-triphosphate (UTP) are released in the brain into the extracellular space during pathological conditions such as increased neuronal firing or cell death. Once released, these nucleotides bind to and activate specific purinergic receptors termed P2 receptors where they mediate the release of gliotransmitters and drive neuronal hyperexcitation and neuroinflammatory processes. This includes the fast acting ionotropic P2X channels and slower-acting G-protein-coupled P2Y receptors. While the expression and function of P2X receptors has been well-established in experimental models of epilepsy, emerging evidence is now also suggesting a prominent role for the P2Y receptor subfamily in seizure generation and the maintenance of epilepsy. In this review we discuss data supporting a role for the P2Y receptor family in epilepsy and the most recent finding demonstrating their involvement during seizure-induced pathology and in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Alves
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Edward Beamer
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tobias Engel
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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Alves M, Gomez-Villafuertes R, Delanty N, Farrell MA, O'Brien DF, Miras-Portugal MT, Hernandez MD, Henshall DC, Engel T. Expression and function of the metabotropic purinergic P2Y receptor family in experimental seizure models and patients with drug-refractory epilepsy. Epilepsia 2017; 58:1603-1614. [PMID: 28733972 DOI: 10.1111/epi.13850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE ATP is released into the extracellular space during pathologic processes including increased neuronal firing. Once released, ATP acts on P2 receptors including ionotropic P2X and metabotropic P2Y receptors, resulting in changes to glial function and neuronal network excitability. Evidence suggests an involvement of P2Y receptors in the pathogenesis of epilepsy, but there has been no systematic effort to characterize the expression and function of the P2Y receptor family during seizures and in experimental and human epilepsy. METHODS Status epilepticus was induced using either intra-amygdala kainic acid or pilocarpine to characterize the acute- and long-term changes in hippocampal P2Y expression. P2Y expression was also investigated in brain tissue from patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Finally, we analyzed the effects of two specific P2Y agonists, ADP and UTP, on seizure severity and seizure-induced cell death. RESULTS Both intra-amygdala kainic acid and pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus increased the transcription of the uracil-sensitive P2Y receptors P2ry2 , P2ry4 , and P2ry6 and decreased the transcription of the adenine-sensitive P2Y receptors P2ry1 , P2ry12 , P2ry13 . Protein levels of P2Y1 , P2Y2 , P2Y4 , and P2Y6 were increased after status epilepticus, whereas P2Y12 expression was decreased. In the chronic phase, P2ry1 , P2ry2 , and P2ry6 transcription and P2Y1 , P2Y2 , and P2Y12 protein levels were increased with no changes for the other P2Y receptors. In hippocampal samples from patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, P2Y1 and P2Y2 protein expression was increased, whereas P2Y13 levels were lower. Demonstrating a functional contribution of P2Y receptors to seizures, central injection of ADP exacerbated seizure severity, whereas treatment with UTP decreased seizure severity during status epilepticus in mice. SIGNIFICANCE The present study is the first to establish the specific hippocampal expression profile and function of the P2Y receptor family after experimental status epilepticus and in human temporal lobe epilepsy and offers potential new targets for seizure control and disease modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Alves
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rosa Gomez-Villafuertes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IV, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Norman Delanty
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Beaumont Hospital, Beaumont, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Maria Teresa Miras-Portugal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IV, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Diaz Hernandez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IV, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - David C Henshall
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tobias Engel
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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ATPergic signalling during seizures and epilepsy. Neuropharmacology 2015; 104:140-53. [PMID: 26549853 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Much progress has been made over the last few decades in the identification of new anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs). However, 30% of epilepsy patients suffer poor seizure control. This underscores the need to identify alternative druggable neurotransmitter systems and drugs with novel mechanisms of action. An emerging concept is that seizure generation involves a complex interplay between neurons and glial cells at the tripartite synapse and neuroinflammation has been proposed as one of the main drivers of epileptogenesis. The ATP-gated purinergic receptor family is expressed throughout the brain and is functional on neurons and glial cells. ATP is released in high amounts into the extracellular space after increased neuronal activity and during chronic inflammation and cell death to act as a neuro- and gliotransmitter. Emerging work shows pharmacological targeting of ATP-gated purinergic P2 receptors can potently modulate seizure generation, inflammatory processes and seizure-induced brain damage. To date, work showing the functional contribution of P2 receptors has been mainly performed in animal models of acute seizures, in particular, by targeting the ionotropic P2X7 receptor subtype. Other ionotropic P2X and metabotropic P2Y receptor family members have also been implicated in pathological processes following seizures such as the P2X4 receptor and the P2Y12 receptor. However, during epilepsy, the characterization of P2 receptors was mostly restricted to the study of expressional changes of the different receptor subtypes. This review summarizes the work to date on ATP-mediated signalling during seizures and the functional impact of targeting the ATP-gated purinergic receptors on seizures and seizure-induced pathology. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Purines in Neurodegeneration and Neuroregeneration'.
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Modulatory effects of inosine, guanosine and uridine on lipopolysaccharide-evoked increase in spike-wave discharge activity in Wistar Albino Glaxo/Rijswijk rats. Brain Res Bull 2015; 118:46-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Kovács Z, Kékesi KA, Dobolyi Á, Lakatos R, Juhász G. Absence epileptic activity changing effects of non-adenosine nucleoside inosine, guanosine and uridine in Wistar Albino Glaxo Rijswijk rats. Neuroscience 2015; 300:593-608. [PMID: 26037802 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine (Ado) and non-adenosine (non-Ado) nucleosides such as inosine (Ino), guanosine (Guo) and uridine (Urd) may have regionally different roles in the regulation of physiological and pathophysiological processes in the central nervous system (CNS) such as epilepsy. It was demonstrated previously that Ino and Guo decreased quinolinic acid (QA)-induced seizures and Urd reduced penicillin-, bicuculline- and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures. It has also been demonstrated that Ino and Urd may exert their effects through GABAergic system by altering the function of GABA(A) type of gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors (GABAA receptors) whereas Guo decreases glutamate-induced excitability through glutamatergic system, which systems (GABAergic and glutamatergic) are involved in pathomechanisms of absence epilepsy. Thus, we hypothesized that Ino and Guo, similarly to the previously described effect of Urd, might also decrease absence epileptic activity. We investigated in the present study whether intraperitoneal (i.p.) application of Ino (500 and 1000mg/kg), Guo (20 and 50mg/kg), Urd (500 and 1000mg/kg), GABA(A) receptor agonist muscimol (1 and 3mg/kg), GABA(A) receptor antagonist bicuculline (2 and 4mg/kg), non-selective Ado receptor antagonist theophylline (5 and 10mg/kg) and non-competitive N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist (+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo (a,d) cyclohepten-5,10-imine maleate (MK-801, 0.0625 and 0.1250mg/kg) alone and in combination have modulatory effects on absence epileptic activity in Wistar Albino Glaxo Rijswijk (WAG/Rij) rats. We found that Guo decreased the number of spike-wave discharges (SWDs) whereas Ino increased it dose-dependently. We strengthened that Urd can decrease absence epileptic activity. Our results suggest that Guo, Urd and their analogs could be potentially effective drugs for treatment of human absence epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Kovács
- Department of Zoology, University of West Hungary, Savaria Campus, Károlyi Gáspár tér 4., Szombathely 9700, Hungary.
| | - K A Kékesi
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1C, Budapest 1117, Hungary; Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1C, Budapest 1117, Hungary.
| | - Á Dobolyi
- MTA-ELTE NAP Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1C, Budapest 1117, Hungary; Laboratory of Neuromorphology and Human Brain Tissue Bank, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó u. 58., Budapest 1094, Hungary.
| | - R Lakatos
- Department of Zoology, University of West Hungary, Savaria Campus, Károlyi Gáspár tér 4., Szombathely 9700, Hungary.
| | - G Juhász
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1C, Budapest 1117, Hungary; MTA-TTK NAP MS Neuroproteomics Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., Budapest 1117, Hungary.
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Kovács Z, Dobolyi Á, Juhász G, Kékesi KA. Lipopolysaccharide induced increase in seizure activity in two animal models of absence epilepsy WAG/Rij and GAERS rats and Long Evans rats. Brain Res Bull 2014; 104:7-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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