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Sun H, Ma F, Chen W, Yang X. Adipokine ZAG Alters Depression-Like Behavior by Regulating Oxidative Stress in Hippocampus. Horm Metab Res 2022; 54:259-267. [PMID: 35255519 DOI: 10.1055/a-1759-3554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG) is an adipokine involved in body metabolism, and now it has been shown to be present in the brain and play a role in some neurological diseases such as epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease. In the present study, we employed ZAG knockout (KO) mice to investigate the effects of ZAG on behaviors after fasting and in vitro used overexpression (OV) ZAG in HT-22 cells to further clarify the possibly underlying mechanism. The results showed that ZAG exists widely in the brain tissues of mice and significantly increased during fasting. In ZAG KO group the depression-like behaviors were significantly increased after fasting for 24 hours, meanwhile the hippocampal reactive oxygen species (ROS) content was significantly increased. In vitro, serum deprivation led to the increasing of neuronal death and ROS, the reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP levels, while ZAG overexpression alleviated these negative effects. The β3 adrenoreceptor (β3AR)/protein kinase A (PKA)/cAMP response element-binding (CREB) pathway possibly mediated the effects of ZAG on antioxidation. These results proposed a possible target for novel therapeutic approaches to the treatment of depression and provide potential link between adipose tissue and psychiatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangbing Sun
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Fuli Ma
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
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Perdices L, Fuentes-Broto L, Segura F, Cuenca N, Orduna-Hospital E, Pinilla I. Epigallocatechin Gallate Slows Retinal Degeneration, Reduces Oxidative Damage, and Modifies Circadian Rhythms in P23H Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080718. [PMID: 32784376 PMCID: PMC7465727 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) includes a group of genetic disorders that involve the loss of visual function due to mutations mainly in photoreceptors but also in other retinal cells. Apoptosis, retinal disorganization, and inflammation are common in the progression of the disease. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has been proved as beneficial in different eye diseases. Pigmented heterozygous P23H rat was used as an animal model of RP. Visual function was assessed by optomotor and electroretinogram (ERG) and circadian rhythms were evaluated by telemetry. Hepatic oxidative damage and antioxidant defenses were assessed using biochemical tests. The visual function of the EGCG P23H group was preserved, with a deterioration in the activity period and lower values in the interdaily stability parameter. Control rats treated with EGCG were less active than the sham group. EGCG increased antioxidant levels in P23H rats but reduced total hepatic antioxidant capacity by almost 42% in control rats compared to the sham group. We conclude that treatment with EGCG improves visual function and antioxidant status in P23H rats but diminishes antioxidant defenses in wild-type control animals, and slightly worsens activity circadian rhythms. Further studies are necessary to clarify the beneficial effects in disease conditions and in healthy organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Perdices
- Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.P.); (I.P.)
| | - Lorena Fuentes-Broto
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Legal and Forensic Medicine, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-976-761-706
| | - Francisco Segura
- Department of Applied Physics, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Nicolás Cuenca
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain;
| | | | - Isabel Pinilla
- Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.P.); (I.P.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lozano Blesa University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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A Novel Compound YS-5-23 Exhibits Neuroprotective Effect by Reducing β-Site Amyloid Precursor Protein Cleaving Enzyme 1's Expression and H 2O 2-Induced Cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y Cells. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:2113-2127. [PMID: 32556702 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03073-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The abnormally accumulated amyloid-β (Aβ) and oxidative stress contribute to the initiation and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is the rate-limiting enzyme for the production of Aβ. Furthermore, Aβ was reported to increase oxidative stress; then the overproduced oxidative stress continues to increase the expression and activity of BACE1. Consequently, inhibition of both BACE1 and oxidative stress is a better strategy for AD therapy compared with those one-target treatment methods. In the present study, our novel small molecule YS-5-23 was proved to possess both of the activities. Specifically, we found that YS-5-23 reduces BACE1's expression in both SH-SY5Y and Swedish mutated amyloid precursor protein (APP) overexpressed HEK293 cells, and it can also suppress BACE1's expression induced by H2O2. Moreover, YS-5-23 decreases H2O2-induced cytotoxicity including alleviating H2O2-induced apoptosis and loss of mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) because it attenuates the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level elevated by H2O2. Meanwhile, PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is involved in the anti-H2O2 and BACE1 inhibition effect of YS-5-23. Our findings indicate that YS-5-23 may develop as a drug candidate in the prevention and treatment of AD.
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Abato JE, Moftah M, Cron GO, Smith PD, Jadavji NM. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency alters cellular response after ischemic stroke in male mice. Nutr Neurosci 2020; 25:558-566. [PMID: 32448097 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2020.1769412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Elevated homocysteine concentrations are a risk factor for stroke. A common genetic polymorphism in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR 677 C→T) results in elevated levels of homocysteine. MTHFR plays a critical role in the synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), a global methyl donor. Our previous work has demonstrated that Mthfr+/- mice, which model the MTHFR polymorphism in humans, are more vulnerable to ischemic damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the cellular mechanisms by which the MTHFR-deficiency changes the brain in the context of ischemic stroke injury.Methods: In the present study, three-month-old male Mthfr+/- and wild-type littermate mice were subjected to photothrombosis (PT) damage. Four weeks after PT damage, animals were tested on behavioral tasks, in vivo imaging was performed using T2-weighted MRI, and brain tissue was collected for histological analysis.Results: Mthfr+/- animals used their non-impaired forepaw more to explore the cylinder and had a larger damage volume compared to wild-type littermates. In brain tissue of Mthfr+/- mice methionine adenosyltransferase II alpha (MAT2A) protein levels were decreased within the damage hemisphere and increased levels in hypoxia-induced factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) in non-damage hemisphere. There was an increased antioxidant response in the damage site as indicated by higher levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in neurons and astrocytes and neuronal superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) levels.Conclusions: Our results suggest that Mthfr+/- mice are more vulnerable to PT-induced stroke damage through the regulation of the cellular response. The increased antioxidant response we observed may be compensatory to the damage amount.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie E Abato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Mahira Moftah
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Greg O Cron
- Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Patrice D Smith
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Nafisa M Jadavji
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
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Cannabidiol Protects Dopaminergic Neurons in Mesencephalic Cultures against the Complex I Inhibitor Rotenone Via Modulation of Heme Oxygenase Activity and Bilirubin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020135. [PMID: 32033040 PMCID: PMC7070382 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytocannabinoids protect neurons against stressful conditions, possibly via the heme oxygenase (HO) system. In cultures of primary mesencephalic neurons and neuroblastoma cells, we determined the capability of cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) to counteract effects elicited by complex I-inhibitor rotenone by analyzing neuron viability, morphology, gene expression of IL6, CHOP, XBP1, HO-1 (stress response), and HO-2, and in vitro HO activity. Incubation with rotenone led to a moderate stress response but massive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons (DN) in primary mesencephalic cultures. Both phytocannabinoids inhibited in-vitro HO activity, with CBD being more potent. Inhibition of the enzyme reaction was not restricted to neuronal cells and occurred in a non-competitive manner. Although CBD itself decreased viability of the DNs (from 100% to 78%), in combination with rotenone, it moderately increased survival from 28.6% to 42.4%. When the heme degradation product bilirubin (BR) was added together with CBD, rotenone-mediated degeneration of DN was completely abolished, resulting in approximately the number of DN determined with CBD alone (77.5%). Using N18TG2 neuroblastoma cells, we explored the neuroprotective mechanism underlying the combined action of CBD and BR. CBD triggered the expression of HO-1 and other cell stress markers. Co-treatment with rotenone resulted in the super-induction of HO-1 and an increased in-vitro HO-activity. Co-application of BR completely mitigated the rotenone-induced stress response. Our findings indicate that CBD induces HO-1 and increases the cellular capacity to convert heme when stressful conditions are met. Our data further suggest that CBD via HO may confer full protection against (oxidative) stress when endogenous levels of BR are sufficiently high.
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Niu Y, He J, Zhao Y, Gan Z, Shen M, Zhang L, Wang T. Dietary enzymatically treated Artemisia annua L. supplementation improved growth performance and intestinal antioxidant capacity of weaned piglets. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.103937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Fica-Contreras SM, Shuster SO, Durfee ND, Bowe GJK, Henning NJ, Hill SA, Vrla GD, Stillman DR, Suralik KM, Sandwick RK, Choi S. Glycation of Lys-16 and Arg-5 in amyloid-β and the presence of Cu 2+ play a major role in the oxidative stress mechanism of Alzheimer's disease. J Biol Inorg Chem 2017; 22:1211-1222. [PMID: 29038915 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-017-1497-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Extensive research has linked the amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide to neurological dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Insoluble Aβ plaques in the AD patient brain contain high concentrations of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) as well as transition metal ions. This research elucidated the roles of Aβ, sugars, and Cu2+ in the oxidative stress mechanism of AD at the molecular level. Mass spectral (MS) analysis of the reactions of Aβ with two representative sugars, ribose-5-phosphate (R5P) and methylglyoxal (MG), revealed Lys-16 and Arg-5 as the primary glycation sites. Quantitative analysis of superoxide [Formula: see text] production by a cyt c assay showed that Lys-16 generated four times as much [Formula: see text] as Arg-5. Lys-16 and Arg-5 in Aβ1-40 are both adjacent to histidine residues, which are suggested to catalyze glycation. Additionally, Lys-16 is close to the central hydrophobic core (Leu-17-Ala-21) and to His-13, both of which are known to lower the pKa of the residue, leading to increased deprotonation of the amine and an enhanced glycation reactivity compared to Arg-5. Gel electrophoresis results indicated that all three components of AD plaques-Aβ1-40, sugars, and Cu2+-are necessary for DNA damage. It is concluded that the glycation of Aβ1-40 with sugars generates significant amounts of [Formula: see text], owing to the rapid glycation of Lys-16 and Arg-5. In the presence of Cu2+, [Formula: see text] converts to hydroxyl radical (HO·), the source of oxidative stress in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sydney O Shuster
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, 05753, USA
| | - Nathaniel D Durfee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, 05753, USA
| | - Gregory J K Bowe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, 05753, USA
| | - Nathaniel J Henning
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, 05753, USA
| | - Staci A Hill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, 05753, USA
| | - Geoffrey D Vrla
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, 05753, USA
| | - David R Stillman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, 05753, USA
| | - Kelly M Suralik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, 05753, USA
| | - Roger K Sandwick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, 05753, USA
| | - Sunhee Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, 05753, USA.
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