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Männistö PT, Keränen T, Reinikainen KJ, Hanttu A, Pollesello P. The Catechol O-Methyltransferase Inhibitor Entacapone in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease: Personal Reflections on a First-in-Class Drug Development Programme 40 Years On. Neurol Ther 2024:10.1007/s40120-024-00629-2. [PMID: 38809484 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-024-00629-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
In the 1980s, Orion Pharma, then a mid-ranking Nordic area pharmaceutical company, established a drug development programme on the inhibition of catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT). This enzyme, which plays an important role in the inactivation of catecholamine neurotransmitters and drugs with a catechol structure, thus came under consideration as a target in the innovative translational and clinical programme we describe in this historical review. The starting point was the conjecture that a peripherally acting COMT inhibitor might improve entry of levodopa into the brain. This had potentially significant implications for the medical treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). The rationale was that more efficient delivery of levodopa to the brain might allow the high therapeutic doses of levodopa to be reduced and the dose interval to be extended. Elucidation of structure-activity relations paved the way for the discovery and development of entacapone, a 5-nitrocatechol that was a potent and highly specific inhibitor of COMT. Experience in phase III clinical trials established that entacapone, used as an adjunct to regular or controlled-release levodopa preparations (also including a peripherally acting dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor), increased ON-time and reduced OFF-time and improved clinical condition in patients with PD experiencing wearing-off, often with a reduced daily levodopa dose. Several of these studies also identified that entacapone improved patients' quality of life and was cost-effective. Subsequently, entacapone has been amalgamated into a triple-combination preparation (Stalevo®) with levodopa and carbidopa to create a flexible and convenient drug therapy for patients with PD who have end-of-dose motor fluctuations not stabilised on levodopa/dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor treatment. This review offers a historical perspective on a successful programme of drug development by researchers who played central roles in the progress from exploratory hypothesis to registered pharmaceutical product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pekka T Männistö
- Institute of Pharmacology and Drug Therapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tapani Keränen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kari J Reinikainen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna Hanttu
- Medical Affairs, CNS Branded Products, Orion Pharma, Espoo, Finland
| | - Piero Pollesello
- Content and Communication, Branded Products, Orion Pharma, Orionintie 1, 02101, Espoo, Finland.
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Kogure M, Kanahara N, Miyazawa A, Shiko Y, Otsuka I, Matsuyama K, Takase M, Kimura M, Kimura H, Ota K, Idemoto K, Tamura M, Oda Y, Yoshida T, Okazaki S, Yamasaki F, Nakata Y, Watanabe Y, Niitsu T, Hishimoto A, Iyo M. Association of SLC6A3 variants with treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a genetic association study of dopamine-related genes in schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2024; 14:1334335. [PMID: 38476817 PMCID: PMC10929739 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1334335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Most genetic analyses that have attempted to identify a locus or loci that can distinguish patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) from those who respond to treatment (non-TRS) have failed. However, evidence from multiple studies suggests that patients with schizophrenia who respond well to antipsychotic medication have a higher dopamine (DA) state in brain synaptic clefts whereas patients with TRS do not show enhanced DA synthesis/release pathways. Patients and methods To examine the contribution (if any) of genetics to TRS, we conducted a genetic association analysis of DA-related genes in schizophrenia patients (TRS, n = 435; non-TRS, n = 539) and healthy controls (HC: n = 489). Results The distributions of the genotypes of rs3756450 and the 40-bp variable number tandem repeat on SLC6A3 differed between the TRS and non-TRS groups. Regarding rs3756450, the TRS group showed a significantly higher ratio of the A allele, whereas the non-TRS group predominantly had the G allele. The analysis of the combination of COMT and SLC6A3 yielded a significantly higher ratio of the putative low-DA type (i.e., high COMT activity + high SLC6A3 activity) in the TRS group compared to the two other groups. Patients with the low-DA type accounted for the minority of the non-TRS group and exhibited milder psychopathology. Conclusion The overall results suggest that (i) SLC6A3 could be involved in responsiveness to antipsychotic medication and (ii) genetic variants modulating brain DA levels may be related to the classification of TRS and non-TRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Kogure
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Kanahara
- Division of Medical Treatment and Rehabilitation, Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Miyazawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
- Doujin-kai Kisarazu Hospital, Kisarazu, Japan
| | - Yuki Shiko
- Biostatistics Section, Clinical Research Center, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ikuo Otsuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuyama
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
- Douwa-kai Chiba Hospital, Funabashi, Japan
| | | | - Makoto Kimura
- Chiba Psychiatric Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
- Gakuji-kai Kimura Hospital, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
| | - Kiyomitsu Ota
- Doujin-kai Kisarazu Hospital, Kisarazu, Japan
- Choshi-kokoro Clinic, Choshi, Japan
| | - Keita Idemoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
- Doujin-kai Kisarazu Hospital, Kisarazu, Japan
| | - Masaki Tamura
- Doujin-kai Kisarazu Hospital, Kisarazu, Japan
- Department of Cognitive Behavioral Psychology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasunori Oda
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Okazaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Yamasaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakata
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Tomihisa Niitsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akitoyo Hishimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masaomi Iyo
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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Humińska-Lisowska K, Chmielowiec K, Chmielowiec J, Strońska-Pluta A, Bojarczuk A, Dzitkowska-Zabielska M, Łubkowska B, Spieszny M, Surała O, Grzywacz A. Association Between the rs4680 Polymorphism of the COMT Gene and Personality Traits among Combat Sports Athletes. J Hum Kinet 2023; 89:89-99. [PMID: 38053955 PMCID: PMC10694709 DOI: 10.5114/jhk/168789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical performance has been the focus of studies examining genetic influences in martial arts. There has been little quantitative analysis of the interaction between psychological traits and gene variants in athletes. This study aimed to determine whether the rs4680 polymorphism of the COMT gene (catechol-O-methyltransferase) was linked to other sports phenotypes such as temperament, mental toughness, and stress tolerance. In our study, we concentrated on the case-control analysis of athletes in the aspect of their personality traits in association with the COMT gene polymorphism. Participants comprised 258 combat sports athletes and 278 healthy male individuals as a control group. Psychometric properties were assessed with the Revised Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-R). COMT polymorphism testing was performed using real-time PCR. We found a statistically significant effect of a complex factor COMT rs4680 genotype with combat athletes/controls and novelty seeking (F2,530 = 5.958, p = 0.0028, η2 = 0.022), self-management (F2,530 = 6.772, p = 0.0012, η2 = 0.025), and with self-transcendence skills (F2,530 = 9.387, p = 0.00009, η2 = 0.034). The results are important for encouraging further studies on the genetic makeup of athletes in conjunction with personality traits. Due to the multigene and multifactorial nature of determinants of sports predispositions, we propose to take into account also other features, especially when studying genes related to cerebral neurotransmission. It is a holistic departure, and it clearly illustrates the relationship between the given characteristics of an athlete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Humińska-Lisowska
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
- Institute of Sports Sciences, University of Physical Education in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Chmielowiec
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Jolanta Chmielowiec
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Strońska-Pluta
- Independent Laboratory of Health Promotion, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Bojarczuk
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Beata Łubkowska
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Michał Spieszny
- Institute of Sports Sciences, University of Physical Education in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Olga Surała
- Institute of Sport, National Research Institute, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Anna Grzywacz
- Independent Laboratory of Health Promotion, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
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Genetic basis of elite combat sports athletes: a systematic review. Biol Sport 2021; 38:667-675. [PMID: 34937977 PMCID: PMC8670794 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2022.102864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Each athlete’s innate talent is widely recognized as one of the important contributors to achievement in athletic performance, and genetic factors determine a significant portion of talent or traits. Advances in DNA sequencing technology allow us to discover specific genetic variants contributing to these traits in sports performance. The objective of this systematic review is to identify genes that may play a significant role in the performance of elite-level combat sports athletes. Through the review of 18 full-text articles, a total of 109 different polymorphisms were investigated in 14,313 participants (2,786 combat sports athletes, 8,969 non-athlete controls, 2,558 other sports athletes). Thirteen polymorphisms showed a significant difference between elite combat athletes and the control group, and consist of 8 (PPARA rs4253778, ACTN3 rs1815739, ACE rs4646994, CKM rs8111989, MCT1 rs1049434, FTO rs9939609, GABPβ1 rs7181866 and rs8031031) oriented to athletic performance and 5 (COMT rs4680, FEV rs860573, SLC6A2 rs2242446, HTR1B rs11568817, ADRA2A rs521674) focused on psychological traits including emotional and mental traits in combat sports athletes. In addition, a recent whole genome sequencing study identified 4 polymorphisms (KIF27 rs10125715, APC rs518013, TMEM229A rs7783359, LRRN3 rs80054135) associated with reaction time in wrestlers. However, it is not clearly identified which genes are linked explicitly with elite combat sports athletes and how they affect the elite athlete’s status or performance in combat sports. Hence, a greater number of candidate genes should be included in future studies to practically utilize the genetic information.
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Chen S, Cai W, Duan S, Gao L, Yang W, Gao Y, Jia C, Zhang H, Li L. Association of COMT Polymorphisms with Multiple Physical Activity-Related Injuries among University Students in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010828. [PMID: 34682575 PMCID: PMC8535648 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is a candidate gene to provide promising evidence of psychiatric disorders, but there is a knowledge gap between the genetic factor and multiple physical activity-related injuries (PARIs). The aim of this study was to explore the contribution of COMT to the risk of PARIs among university students in the Chinese Han population. We can further search for the intrinsic risk factors for the occurrence of multiple physical activity injuries and provide a scientific basis for early screening and precise intervention for the high-risk group of college students with multiple PARIs. A 1:1 matched case-control study of 61 PARIs cases and 61 healthy controls were carried out. DNA samples of the participants were isolated from saliva and genotyped on eight SNPs of the COMT gene (rs9265, rs4680, rs6269, rs4818, rs4633, rs165655, rs165656, and rs165722) using the MALDI-TOF MS method. We found that rs6269 and rs4818 were significantly associated with PARIs, and rs6269-GG and rs4818-GG contributed to the reduced risk of PARIs. Further haplotype analysis showed a four-marker C-G-C-G haplotype (rs165722-rs6269-rs4633-rs4818) acted with a protective role in the development of PARIs (p = 0.037; OR: 0.474, 95% CI: 0.269 to 0.834). However, the interactions between club membership and rs6269 or rs4818 would significantly increase the risk of PARIs (both p < 0.001, OR: 5.121 and 4.977, respectively). This is the first study to find the contribution of COMT to PARIs occurrence, suggesting that the COMT polymorphisms and the gene-environment interactions may alter the risk of PARIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangmin Chen
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (S.C.); (W.C.); (W.Y.)
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Weicong Cai
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (S.C.); (W.C.); (W.Y.)
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
| | - Lijie Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shandong University School of Public Health, Jinan 250012, China; (L.G.); (C.J.)
| | - Wenda Yang
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (S.C.); (W.C.); (W.Y.)
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Sport and Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Cunxian Jia
- Department of Epidemiology, Shandong University School of Public Health, Jinan 250012, China; (L.G.); (C.J.)
| | - Hongjuan Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041000, China;
| | - Liping Li
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (S.C.); (W.C.); (W.Y.)
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou 515041, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0754-8890-0467
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6
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Sprague BN, Rosso AL, Zhu X, Bohnen NI, Rosano C. Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) polymorphism predicts rapid gait speed changes in healthy older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2021; 69:3194-3202. [PMID: 34231207 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.17351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Adapting one's gait speed to external circumstances is critical for safe ambulation. Dopamine (DA), critical for adapting to increased task demands, predicts usual gait speed and may exert a greater role in complex tasks like rapid gait speed. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that a genotypic proxy indicator of greater prefrontal DA signaling would predict significantly faster rapid gait. DESIGN Longitudinal cohort study over 8 years. SETTING Community-dwelling adults with no baseline mobility disability. PARTICIPANTS N = 2353 participants from the Health ABC Study. MEASUREMENTS Repeated measures of walking speed (meters/sec) were obtained in response to: "walk as fast as possible… (rapid gait) or "walk at your usual pace (usual gait)." Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) val158met polymorphism indicated DA signaling (val/val = higher metabolism, lower DA signaling; met/met = lower metabolism, higher DA signaling). RESULTS Participants declined in rapid gait from 1.55 (SD = 0.33) to 1.35 m/s (SD = 0.34). Across the full follow-up period, the met/met genotype was associated with significantly greater rapid gait slowing. In mixed effect models, between-group differences were independent of covariates, and remained similar after adjustment for sensorimotor function, cognition, depressive symptoms, and energy. Follow-up analyses indicated the met/met genotype had a significantly faster rapid gait speed compared to the val/val genotype for the first 3 years (p < 0.01) but not years 4-8 (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Greater prefrontal DA measured with COMT polymorphism may facilitate short-term adaptation to rapid walking demands that are lost over time. Studies should examine whether these effects are long-term and the underlying mechanistic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana N Sprague
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrea L Rosso
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xiaonan Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicolaas I Bohnen
- Department of Radiology and Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Ann Arbor VAMC, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Caterina Rosano
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Kogure M, Kanahara N, Miyazawa A, Oishi K, Nakata Y, Oda Y, Iyo M. Interacting Roles of COMT and GAD1 Genes in Patients with Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: a Genetic Association Study of Schizophrenia Patients and Healthy Controls. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 71:2575-2582. [PMID: 34125398 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01866-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The projection from dopaminergic neurons to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) interneurons in the prefrontal cortex is involved in the etiology of schizophrenia. The impact of interacting effects between dopamine signals and the expression of GABA on the clinical phenotypes of schizophrenia has not been studied. Since these interactions could be closely involved in prefrontal cortex functions, patients with specific alleles of these relevant molecules (which lead to lower or vulnerable genetic functions) may develop treatment-refractory symptoms. We conducted a genetic association study focusing on COMT and GAD1 genes for a treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) group (n=171), a non-TRS group (n=592), and healthy controls (HC: n=447), and we examined allelic combinations specific to TRS. The results revealed that the percentage of subjects with Met allele of rs4680 on the COMT gene and C/C homozygote of rs3470934 on the GAD1 gene was significantly higher in the TRS group than the other two groups. There was no significant difference between the non-TRS group and HC groups. Considering the direction of functions of these single-nucleotide polymorphisms revealed by previous studies, we speculate that subjects with the Met/CC allelic combination could have a higher dopamine level and a lower expression of GABA in the prefrontal cortex. Our results suggest that an interaction between the dopaminergic signal and GABA signal intensities could differ between TRS patients and patients with other types of schizophrenia and healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Kogure
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Kanahara
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.
- Division of Medical Treatment and Rehabilitation, Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Atsuhiro Miyazawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
- Doujin-kai Kisarazu Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kengo Oishi
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Cyclic Innovation, Japan Agency for Medical Research Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakata
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasunori Oda
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaomi Iyo
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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Lack of Association between rs4680 Polymorphism in Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Gene and Alcohol Use Disorder: A Meta-Analysis. DISEASE MARKERS 2020; 2020:8850859. [PMID: 33282008 PMCID: PMC7685839 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8850859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background The underlying mechanisms of alcohol use disorder (AUD) are regarded to be strongly associated with genetic factors. Although great efforts have been made to identify the association of rs4680 polymorphism in the catechol-o-methyltransferase gene and risk to AUD, the outcomes were still inconsistent. This study is aimed at exploring the association of rs4680 polymorphism and AUD by using a meta-analysis approach. Methods Literature searching was undertaken across PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang databases. We set the search period before February 20, 2020. We used the Review Manager 5.3 (RevMan 5.3) software to estimate the effect sizes in five genetic models. Results In total, eighteen case-control studies and two cohort studies were included in this study. The merged results of overall population indicated there was no significant association between rs4680 polymorphism and AUD: V vs. M, OR = 1.02, 95% CI 0.93-1.12, P = 0.70; VV vs. MM, OR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.79-1.23, P = 0.92; VM vs. MM, OR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.81-1.03, P = 0.15; VV+VM vs. MM, OR = 0.95, 95% CI 0.80-1.13, P = 0.65; VV vs. VM+MM, OR = 1.04, 95% CI 0.91-1.18, P = 0.57. Subgroup analysis by gender suggested rs4680 polymorphism was marginally associated with an elevated risk to AUD among males (VM vs. MM, OR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.67-0.98, P = 0.03). However, subgroup analysis by race and diagnosis did not support any significant association. Conclusions The present study suggests that rs4680 polymorphism has no association with AUD in the overall population, but it has a weak association with AUD in males. Carriers of VM genotype in males appear to have an increased risk to AUD.
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Parma JO, Profeta VLDS, Andrade AGPD, Lage GM, Apolinário-Souza T. TDCS of the Primary Motor Cortex: Learning the Absolute Dimension of a Complex Motor Task. J Mot Behav 2020; 53:431-444. [PMID: 32654612 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2020.1792823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The primary motor cortex (M1) is one of the main cortical areas involved in motor learning. However, little is known about its differential role in the learning of the relative and absolute dimensions of motor skills. We investigated the role of M1 in the learning of the dimensions of a complex motor skill. Forty-eight participants practiced golf putting and were stimulated for 20 minutes with real or sham bihemispheric tDCS before acquisition. tDCS improved global performance from pre- to post-test. Only those with worse initial performance who were stimulated by tDCS showed a significant improvement in the skill's absolute dimension. No effects of tDCS were found for the relative dimension. Our results suggest that M1 has a distinct participation in the learning of the absolute dimension of complex motor skills, and tDCS effects are influenced by the learner's level of initial performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Otoni Parma
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Vitor Leandro da Silva Profeta
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - André Gustavo Pereira de Andrade
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Menezes Lage
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Tércio Apolinário-Souza
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Aljuhni R, Cleland BT, Roth S, Madhavan S. Genetic polymorphisms for BDNF, COMT, and APOE do not affect gait or ankle motor control in chronic stroke: A preliminary cross-sectional study. Top Stroke Rehabil 2020; 28:72-80. [PMID: 32378476 DOI: 10.1080/10749357.2020.1762060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Motor deficits after stroke are a primary cause of long-term disability. The extent of functional recovery may be influenced by genetic polymorphisms. Objectives: Determine the effect of genetic polymorphisms for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), and apolipoprotein E (APOE) on walking speed, walking symmetry, and ankle motor control in individuals with chronic stroke. Methods: 38 participants with chronic stroke were compared based upon genetic polymorphisms for BDNF (presence [MET group] or absence [VAL group] of a Met allele), COMT (presence [MET group] or absence [VAL group] of a Met allele), and APOE (presence [ε4+ group] of absence [ε4- group] of ε4 allele). Comfortable and maximal walking speed were measured with the 10-m walk test. Gait spatiotemporal symmetry was measured with the GAITRite electronic mat; symmetry ratios were calculated for step length, step time, swing time, and stance time. Ankle motor control was measured as the accuracy of performing an ankle tracking task. Results: No significant differences were detected (p ≥ 0.11) between the BDNF, COMT, or APOE groups for any variables. Conclusions: In these preliminary findings, genetic polymorphisms for BDNF, COMT, and APOE do not appear to affect walking speed, walking symmetry, or ankle motor performance in chronic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab Aljuhni
- Brain Plasticity Lab, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brice T Cleland
- Brain Plasticity Lab, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stephen Roth
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland , College Park, MD, USA
| | - Sangeetha Madhavan
- Brain Plasticity Lab, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA
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Nogueira NGDHM, Miranda DMD, Albuquerque MR, Ferreira BDP, Batista MTS, Parma JO, Apolinário-Souza T, Bicalho LEA, Ugrinowitsch H, Lage GM. Motor learning and COMT Val158met polymorphism: Analyses of oculomotor behavior and corticocortical communication. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2020; 168:107157. [PMID: 31927084 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2020.107157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Differences in motor learning can be partially explained by differences in genotype. The catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met polymorphism regulates the dopamine (DA) availability in the prefrontal cortex modulating motor learning and performance. Given the differences in tonic and phasic DA transmission, this study aimed to investigate whether the greater cognitive flexibility associated with the Val allele would favor the learning of movement parametrization, while the greater cognitive stability associated with the Met allele favors the acquisition of the movement pattern. Furthermore, we investigated if the genotypic characteristics impact visual scanning of information related to parametrization and to the movement pattern, and the level of cortical connectivity associated with motor planning and control. Performance and learning of a sequential motor task were compared among three genotypes (Val/Val, Val/Met, and Met/Met), as well as their oculomotor behavior and level of cortical coherence. The findings show that the cognitive flexibility promoted by the Val allele is associated with a better parametrization. The search for information through visual scanning was specific to each genotype. Also, a greater cortical connectivity associated with the Val allele was found. The combined study of behavioral, electrophysiological and molecular levels of analysis showed that the cognitive stability and flexibility associated with the COMT alleles, influence specific aspects of motor learning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maicon Rodrigues Albuquerque
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Bárbara de Paula Ferreira
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marco Túlio Silva Batista
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juliana Otoni Parma
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Tércio Apolinário-Souza
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lucas Eduardo Antunes Bicalho
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Herbert Ugrinowitsch
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Menezes Lage
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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12
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Nogueira NGHM, Fernandes LA, Ferreira BP, Batista MTS, Alves KCR, Parma JO. Association Between the Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met Polymorphism and Manual Performance Asymmetries. Percept Mot Skills 2019; 126:349-365. [PMID: 30841785 DOI: 10.1177/0031512519834738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Within the cognitive domain, neuroscience and cognitive psychology researchers have investigated the relationship between handedness and cognitive skills. However, there have been few studies of the three-way association between manual asymmetry, its genetic components, and cognition even though this line of research could further an understanding of asymmetry. One enzyme involved in cognitive functions related to the dopaminergic system and to the prefrontal cortex is the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), and it has a trimodal activity distribution in the human population due to its functional polymorphism known as Val158Met. This study investigated whether this COMT polymorphism is associated with asymmetries in the performance of a manual dexterity task. Forty-two right-handed undergraduate students ( Mage = 25.12, SD = 5.84; 15 women, 27 men) performed two trials each of place and remove conditions of the Grooved Pegboard Test with each hand (right and left), counterbalancing the order of the initial or starting hand. We calculated the mean time to perform the task for both hands on both trials and found, as hypothesized, that the Met/Met group gave a more asymmetrical performance than the Val/Met group under the place condition because dopamine levels reduced flexible behavior for the Val/Met group. We suspect that the place condition requires greater interhemispheric connectivity, as it requires a greater cognitive flexibility, and highly asymmetrical individuals are said to be less flexible. The findings of this study suggest a significant association between the COMT polymorphism and manual asymmetry in healthy populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Karen C R Alves
- 1 Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juliana O Parma
- 1 Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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