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Fan S, Weixuan W, Han H, Liansheng Z, Gang L, Jierui W, Yanshu Z. Role of NF-κB in lead exposure-induced activation of astrocytes based on bioinformatics analysis of hippocampal proteomics. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 370:110310. [PMID: 36539177 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb), as a heavy metal, is used in batteries, ceramics, paint, pipes, certain ceramics, e-waste recycling, etc. Chronic Pb exposure can result in the inflammation of the central nervous system, as well as neurobehavioral changes. Both glial cells and neurons are involved in central nervous injury following Pb exposure. However, significant cellular events and their key regulators following Pb exposure remain to be elucidated. In this study, rats were randomly exposed to 250 or 500 mg/L PbAc for 9 weeks. Hippocampal proteomics was performed using isobaric tags for relative absolute quantification. Bioinformatics analysis was used to identify 301 and 267 differentially expressed proteins-which were involved in biological processes, including glial cell activation, neural nucleus development, and mRNA processing-in the low and high Pb exposure groups, respectively. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis showed that astrocyte activation was identified as a significant cellular event occurring in the low- or high-dose Pb exposure group. Subsequently, in vivo and in vitro models of Pb exposure were established to confirm astrocyte activation. As a result, glial fibrillary acidic protein expression in astrocytes was much higher in the Pb exposure group. Moreover, the mRNA expression of neurotoxic reactive astrocyte genes was much higher than that of the control group. The analysis of transcription factors indicated that NF-κB was screened as the top transcription factor, which might regulate astrocyte activation following Pb exposure in the rat hippocampus. The data also showed that the inhibition of NF-κB transcription suppressed astrocyte activation following Pb exposure. Overall, astrocyte activation was one of the significant cellular events following Pb exposure in the rat hippocampus, which was regulated by the NF-κB transcription factor, suggesting that inhibiting astrocyte activation may be a potential target for the prevention of Pb neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Fan
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science of Technology, Tangshan, 062310, Hebei, China.
| | - Wang Weixuan
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science of Technology, Tangshan, 062310, Hebei, China.
| | - Hao Han
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science of Technology, Tangshan, 062310, Hebei, China.
| | - Zhang Liansheng
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science of Technology, Tangshan, 062310, Hebei, China.
| | - Liu Gang
- Department of Medicine, North China University of Science of Technology, Tangshan, 062310, Hebei, China.
| | - Wang Jierui
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science of Technology, Tangshan, 062310, Hebei, China.
| | - Zhang Yanshu
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science of Technology, Tangshan, 062310, Hebei, China; Laboratory Animal Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan Hebei, 063210, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Cornelison RC, Yuan JX, Tate KM, Petrosky A, Beeghly GF, Bloomfield M, Schwager SC, Berr AL, Stine CA, Cimini D, Bafakih FF, Mandell JW, Purow BW, Horton BJ, Munson JM. A patient-designed tissue-engineered model of the infiltrative glioblastoma microenvironment. NPJ Precis Oncol 2022; 6:54. [PMID: 35906273 PMCID: PMC9338058 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-022-00290-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is an aggressive brain cancer characterized by diffuse infiltration. Infiltrated glioma cells persist in the brain post-resection where they interact with glial cells and experience interstitial fluid flow. We use patient-derived glioma stem cells and human glial cells (i.e., astrocytes and microglia) to create a four-component 3D model of this environment informed by resected patient tumors. We examine metrics for invasion, proliferation, and putative stemness in the context of glial cells, fluid forces, and chemotherapies. While the responses are heterogeneous across seven patient-derived lines, interstitial flow significantly increases glioma cell proliferation and stemness while glial cells affect invasion and stemness, potentially related to CCL2 expression and differential activation. In a screen of six drugs, we find in vitro expression of putative stemness marker CD71, but not viability at drug IC50, to predict murine xenograft survival. We posit this patient-informed, infiltrative tumor model as a novel advance toward precision medicine in glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Cornelison
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - J X Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - K M Tate
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
| | - A Petrosky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - G F Beeghly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - M Bloomfield
- Department of Biological Sciences and Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - S C Schwager
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - A L Berr
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - C A Stine
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
| | - D Cimini
- Department of Biological Sciences and Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - F F Bafakih
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - J W Mandell
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - B W Purow
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - B J Horton
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - J M Munson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA.
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Hammel JH, Zatorski JM, Cook SR, Pompano RR, Munson JM. Engineering in vitro immune-competent tissue models for testing and evaluation of therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 182:114111. [PMID: 35031388 PMCID: PMC8908413 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Advances in 3D cell culture, microscale fluidic control, and cellular analysis have enabled the development of more physiologically-relevant engineered models of human organs with precise control of the cellular microenvironment. Engineered models have been used successfully to answer fundamental biological questions and to screen therapeutics, but these often neglect key elements of the immune system. There are immune elements in every tissue that contribute to healthy and diseased states. Including immune function will be essential for effective preclinical testing of therapeutics for inflammatory and immune-modulated diseases. In this review, we first discuss the key components to consider in designing engineered immune-competent models in terms of physical, chemical, and biological cues. Next, we review recent applications of models of immunity for screening therapeutics for cancer, preclinical evaluation of engineered T cells, modeling autoimmunity, and screening vaccine efficacy. Future work is needed to further recapitulate immune responses in engineered models for the most informative therapeutic screening and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H. Hammel
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia 24016, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Zatorski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Sophie R. Cook
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Rebecca R. Pompano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia; Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA,Carter Immunology Center and UVA Cancer Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903
| | - Jennifer M. Munson
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia 24016, USA
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Maoz BM. Brain-on-a-Chip: Characterizing the next generation of advanced in vitro platforms for modeling the central nervous system. APL Bioeng 2021; 5:030902. [PMID: 34368601 PMCID: PMC8325567 DOI: 10.1063/5.0055812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The complexity of the human brain creates significant, almost insurmountable challenges for neurological drug development. Advanced in vitro platforms are increasingly enabling researchers to overcome these challenges, by mimicking key features of the brain's composition and functionality. Many of these platforms are called "Brains-on-a-Chip"-a term that was originally used to refer to microfluidics-based systems containing miniature engineered tissues, but that has since expanded to describe a vast range of in vitro central nervous system (CNS) modeling approaches. This Perspective seeks to refine the definition of a Brain-on-a-Chip for the next generation of in vitro platforms, identifying criteria that determine which systems should qualify. These criteria reflect the extent to which a given platform overcomes the challenges unique to in vitro CNS modeling (e.g., recapitulation of the brain's microenvironment; inclusion of critical subunits, such as the blood-brain barrier) and thereby provides meaningful added value over conventional cell culture systems. The paper further outlines practical considerations for the development and implementation of Brain-on-a-Chip platforms and concludes with a vision for where these technologies may be heading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben M. Maoz
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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5
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Zilberman A, Cornelison RC. Microphysiological models of the central nervous system with fluid flow. Brain Res Bull 2021; 174:72-83. [PMID: 34029679 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There are over 1,000 described neurological and neurodegenerative disorders affecting nearly 100 million Americans - roughly one third of the U.S. population. Collectively, treatment of neurological conditions is estimated to cost $800 billion every year. Lowering this societal burden will require developing better model systems in which to study these diverse disorders. Microphysiological systems are promising tools for modeling healthy and diseased neural tissues to study mechanisms and treatment of neuropathology. One major benefit of microphysiological systems is the ability to incorporate biophysical forces, namely the forces derived from biological fluid flow. Fluid flow in the central nervous system (CNS) is a complex but important element of physiology, and pathologies as diverse as traumatic or ischemic injury, cancer, neurodegenerative disease, and natural aging have all been found to alter flow pathways. In this review, we summarize recent advances in three-dimensional microphysiological systems for studying the biology and therapy of CNS disorders and highlight the ability and growing need to incorporate biological fluid flow in these miniaturized model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleeza Zilberman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States
| | - R Chase Cornelison
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States.
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Chatterjee K, Carman-Esparza CM, Munson JM. Methods to measure, model and manipulate fluid flow in brain. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 333:108541. [PMID: 31838183 PMCID: PMC7607555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The brain consists of a complex network of cells and matrix that is cushioned and nourished by multiple types of fluids: cerebrospinal fluid, blood, and interstitial fluid. The movement of these fluids through the tissues has recently gained more attention due to implications in Alzheimer's Disease and glioblastoma. Therefore, methods to study these fluid flows are necessary and timely for the current study of neuroscience. Imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging have been used clinically and pre-clinically to image flows in healthy and diseased brains. These measurements have been used to both parameterize and validate models of fluid flow both computational and in vitro. Both of these models can elucidate the changes to fluid flow that occur during disease and can assist in linking the compartments of fluid flow with one another, a difficult challenge experimentally. In vitro models, though in limited use with fluid flow, allow the examination of cellular responses to physiological flow. To determine causation, in vivo methods have been developed to manipulate flow, including both physical and pharmacological manipulations, at each point of fluid movement of origination resulting in exciting findings in the preclinical setting. With new targets, such as the brain-draining lymphatics and glymphatic system, fluid flow and tissue drainage within the brain is an exciting and growing research area. In this review, we discuss the methods that currently exist to examine and test hypotheses related to fluid flow in the brain as we attempt to determine its impact on neural function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnashis Chatterjee
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Cora M Carman-Esparza
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Jennifer M Munson
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States.
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