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Chaibi I, Ait-Mansour I, Tari M, Bennis M, Ba-M'hamed S. Effects of topiramate on morphological and structural alterations of the anterior cingulate cortex in aggressive socially isolated mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023:10.1007/s00213-023-06381-z. [PMID: 37217572 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06381-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Topiramate, an approved antiepileptic drug, was found effective in treating aggressive symptoms in humans and rodents. However, the effects and mechanisms of Topiramate on aggressive behavior are still unclear. Our previous study indicated that intraperitoneal administration of Topiramate successfully decreased aggression and reinforced sociability in socially aggressive mice, and increased cFos-expressing neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). In addition to its pharmacological properties, previous studies have approved the neuroprotective effects of Topiramate. These suggest a potential effect of Topiramate on ACC's structure and function. OBJECTIVES AND RESULTS In the present study, we first investigated the structural characteristics of ACC in the social isolation-induced aggression paradigm. The results showed that hyper-aggressive behavior in socially aggressive mice was associated with several structural alterations in ACC: increased neuron death combined with decreased neuron density, increased damaged neuronal morphology and increased neuroinflammation markers. Based on these observations, we next investigated the potential neuroprotective effect of Topiramate against structural alterations of ACC observed in socially aggressive mice. Results indicated that intraperitoneal administration of Topiramate (30 mg/kg) decreased aggression and enhanced sociability without affecting locomotor activity. Interestingly, the anti-aggressive effect of Topiramate was associated with decreased neuronal death, ameliorated damaged neuronal morphology, and decreased reactive microglia markers in ACC. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide insights into the structural alterations of ACC in aggressive socially aggressive mice. Moreover, the present study suggested that the anti-aggressive effect of Topiramate could be related to its neuroprotective effects against the structural alterations of ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Chaibi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology, Anthropobiology & Environment, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Bd. Prince My Abdallah, 40000, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Ihsane Ait-Mansour
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology, Anthropobiology & Environment, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Bd. Prince My Abdallah, 40000, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Tari
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology, Anthropobiology & Environment, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Bd. Prince My Abdallah, 40000, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Bennis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology, Anthropobiology & Environment, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Bd. Prince My Abdallah, 40000, Marrakesh, Morocco.
| | - Saadia Ba-M'hamed
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology, Anthropobiology & Environment, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Bd. Prince My Abdallah, 40000, Marrakesh, Morocco
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Al Omran AJ, Shao AS, Watanabe S, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Xue C, Watanabe J, Davies DL, Shao XM, Liang J. Social isolation induces neuroinflammation and microglia overactivation, while dihydromyricetin prevents and improves them. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:2. [PMID: 34983568 PMCID: PMC8724741 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02368-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental illnesses in the U.S. and are estimated to consume one-third of the country's mental health treatment cost. Although anxiolytic therapies are available, many patients still exhibit treatment resistance, relapse, or substantial side effects. Further, due to the COVID-19 pandemic and stay-at-home order, social isolation, fear of the pandemic, and unprecedented times, the incidence of anxiety has dramatically increased. Previously, we have demonstrated dihydromyricetin (DHM), the major bioactive flavonoid extracted from Ampelopsis grossedentata, exhibits anxiolytic properties in a mouse model of social isolation-induced anxiety. Because GABAergic transmission modulates the immune system in addition to the inhibitory signal transmission, we investigated the effects of short-term social isolation on the neuroimmune system. METHODS Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were housed under absolute social isolation for 4 weeks. The anxiety-like behaviors after DHM treatment were examined using elevated plus-maze and open field behavioral tests. Gephyrin protein expression, microglial profile changes, NF-κB pathway activation, cytokine level, and serum corticosterone were measured. RESULTS Socially isolated mice showed increased anxiety levels, reduced exploratory behaviors, and reduced gephyrin levels. Also, a dynamic alteration in hippocampal microglia were detected illustrated as a decline in microglia number and overactivation as determined by significant morphological changes including decreases in lacunarity, perimeter, and cell size and increase in cell density. Moreover, social isolation induced an increase in serum corticosterone level and activation in NF-κB pathway. Notably, DHM treatment counteracted these changes. CONCLUSION The results suggest that social isolation contributes to neuroinflammation, while DHM has the ability to improve neuroinflammation induced by anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alzahra J Al Omran
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Amy S Shao
- Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, 49007, USA
| | - Saki Watanabe
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Zeyu Zhang
- Translational Research Lab, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Chen Xue
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Junji Watanabe
- Translational Research Lab, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Daryl L Davies
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Xuesi M Shao
- Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jing Liang
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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Omran AJA, Shao AS, Watanabe S, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Xue C, Watanabe J, Davies DL, Shao XM, Liang J. Social Isolation Induces Neuroinflammation And Microglia Overactivation, While Dihydromyricetin Prevents And Improves Them. RESEARCH SQUARE 2021. [PMID: 34611661 PMCID: PMC8491854 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-923871/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental illnesses in the U.S. and are estimated to consume one-third of the country’s mental health treatment cost. Although anxiolytic therapies are available, many patients still exhibit treatment-resistance, relapse, or substantial side effects. Further, due to the COVID-19 pandemic and stay-at-home order, social isolation, fear of the pandemic, and unprecedented times, the incidence of anxiety has dramatically increased. Previously, we have demonstrated dihydromyricetin (DHM), the major bioactive flavonoid extracted from Ampelopsis grossedentata, exhibits anxiolytic properties in a mouse model of social isolation-induced anxiety. Because GABAergic transmission modulates the immune system in addition to the inhibitory signal transmission, we investigated the effects of short-term social isolation on the neuroimmune system. Methods: Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were housed under absolute social isolation for 4 weeks. The anxiety like behaviors after DHM treatment were examined using elevated plus maze and open field behavioral tests. Gephyrin protein expression, microglial profile changes, NF-κB pathway activation, cytokine level, and serum corticosterone were measured. Results: Socially isolated mice showed increased anxiety levels, reduced exploratory behaviors, and reduced gephyrin levels. Also, a dynamic alteration in hippocampal microglia were detected illustrated as a decline in microglia number and overactivation as determined by significant morphological changes including decreases in lacunarity, perimeter, and cell size and increase in cell density. Moreover, social isolation also induced an increase in serum corticosterone level and activation in NF-κB pathway. Notably, DHM treatment counteracted these changes. Conclusion: The results suggest that social isolation contributes to neuroinflammation, while DHM has the ability to restore neuroinflammatory changes induced by anxiety.
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Haj-Mirzaian A, Ramezanzadeh K, Shariatzadeh S, Tajik M, Khalafi F, Tafazolimoghadam A, Radmard M, Rahbar A, Pirri F, Kazemi K, Khosravi A, Shababi N, Dehpour AR. Role of hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal-axis, toll-like receptors, and macrophage polarization in pre-atherosclerotic changes induced by social isolation stress in mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19091. [PMID: 34580342 PMCID: PMC8476494 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98276-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been well documented that chronic stress can induce atherosclerotic changes, however, the underlying mechanisms is yet to be established. In this regard, this study aimed to elucidate the relation between hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal-axis (HPA-axis), toll-like receptors (TLRs), as well as M1/M2 macrophage ratio and pre-atherosclerotic changes in social isolation stress (SIS) in mice. We used small interfering RNA against the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) to evaluate the relation between HPA-axis and TLRs. C57BL/6J mice were subjected to SIS and RT-PCR, ELISA, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry were used to assess the relations between pre-atherosclerotic changes and TLRs, macrophage polarization, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and cell adhesion molecules in aortic tissue. We used TAK-242 (0.3 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), a selective antagonist of TLR4, as a possible prophylactic treatment for atherosclerotic changes induced by SIS. We observed that isolated animals had higher serum concentration of corticosterone and higher body weight in comparison to normal animals. In isolated animals, results of in vitro study showed that knocking-down of the GR in bone marrow-derived monocytes significantly decreased the expression of TLR4. In vivo study suggested higher expression of TLR4 on circulating monocytes and higher M1/M2 ratio in aortic samples. Pathological study showed a mild pre-atherosclerotic change in isolated animals. Finally, we observed that treating animals with TAK-242 could significantly inhibit the pre-atherosclerotic changes. SIS can possibly increase the risk of atherosclerosis through inducing abnormal HPA-axis activity and subsequently lead to TLR4 up-regulation, vascular inflammation, high M1/M2 ratio in intima. Thus, TLR4 inhibitors might be a novel treatment to decrease the risk of atherosclerosis induced by chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvin Haj-Mirzaian
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 13145-784, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Pharmacology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411600.2Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiana Ramezanzadeh
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 13145-784, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Pharmacology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411600.2Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siavash Shariatzadeh
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Pharmacology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411600.2Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael Tajik
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 13145-784, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Pharmacology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411600.2Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farima Khalafi
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 13145-784, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Pharmacology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411600.2Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armin Tafazolimoghadam
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 13145-784, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Pharmacology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahla Radmard
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 13145-784, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Pharmacology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Rahbar
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 13145-784, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Pharmacology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.412505.70000 0004 0612 5912Department of Pharmacology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fardad Pirri
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 13145-784, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Pharmacology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiarash Kazemi
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 13145-784, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Pharmacology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ayda Khosravi
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 13145-784, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Pharmacology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloufar Shababi
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 13145-784, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Pharmacology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 13145-784, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Pharmacology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zahir M, Shariatzadeh S, Khosravi A, Alshaikh FA, Moradi P, Ghaderi M, Farsinejad P, Louyeh PA, Ilkhani S, Nakhaei P, Taheri A, Fagheh AF, Akhavan-Sigari R. High risk of drug toxicity in social isolation stress due to liver dysfunction: Role of oxidative stress and inflammation. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e2317. [PMID: 34333854 PMCID: PMC8413800 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that social isolation stress (SIS) could associate with several systemic diseases; however, the role of SIS on liver dysfunction has yet to be established. This study aimed to investigate the effect of SIS on liver function and possible drug toxicity through liver inflammation and oxidative stress. METHODS Male Naval Medical Research Institute mice in two groups of SIS and control were treated with typical anti-depressant and anxiolytic agents including fluoxetine, norfluoxetine, desipramine, and imipramine in both groups. Then blood concentrations (or their active metabolites) of these drugs were assessed. Liver function test, including aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin, and conjugated bilirubin), oxidative activity, inflammatory cytokines, and the gene expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes were assessed. RESULTS We observed that the liver enzymes including AST and ALT was slightly higher in SIS animals. The blood concentrations of fluoxetine, norfluoxetine, desipramine, and imipramine were significantly higher in SIS animals. The gene expression of CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2C9, CYP2C29, and CYP2D were significantly decreased in SIS animals. Our results showed that SIS animals had significantly higher level of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6. SIS could significantly decrease the activity of antioxidant agent (Glutathione). CONCLUSION We hypothesized that SIS could induce liver dysfunction and decrease the rate of drug clearance through liver inflammation and oxidative stress; therefore, the blood concentration of anti-depressant/anxiolytic agents should closely monitor in SIS due to the high toxicity of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maziar Zahir
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siavash Shariatzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Parichehr Moradi
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Parsa Farsinejad
- Department of Pharmacology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Saba Ilkhani
- Department of Pharmacology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooria Nakhaei
- Department of Pharmacology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Taheri
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Reza Akhavan-Sigari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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