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The Potential of Angiogenin as a Serum Biomarker for Diseases: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. DISEASE MARKERS 2018; 2018:1984718. [PMID: 29736193 PMCID: PMC5875026 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1984718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Angiogenin (ANG) is a multifunctional angiogenic protein that participates in both normal development and diseases. Abnormal serum ANG levels are commonly reported in various diseases. However, whether ANG can serve as a diagnostic or prognostic marker for different diseases remains a matter of debate. Methods Here, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature utilizing PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus search engines to identify all publications comparing plasma or serum ANG levels between patients with different diseases and healthy controls, as were studies evaluating circulating ANG levels in healthy populations, pregnant women, or other demographic populations. Results This study demonstrated that the serum ANG concentration in healthy populations was 336.14 ± 142.83 ng/ml and remained relatively stable in different populations and regions. We noted no significant differences in serum ANG levels between patients and healthy controls, except in cases in which patients suffered from cancer or cardiovascular diseases. The serum ANG concentrations were significantly higher in patients who developed colorectal cancer, acute myeloid leukemia, multiple myeloma, myelodysplastic syndromes, and heart failure than those in healthy controls. Conclusion ANG has the potential of being a serum biomarker for cancers and cardiovascular diseases.
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Ławicki S, Zajkowska M, Głażewska EK, Będkowska GE, Szmitkowski M. Plasma levels and diagnostic utility of VEGF, MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in the diagnostics of breast cancer patients. Biomarkers 2016; 22:157-164. [PMID: 27775427 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2016.1252955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated plasma levels and diagnostic utility of vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) in comparison to cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3). METHODS Plasma levels of tested parameters were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) while CA 15-3 with chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA). RESULTS The plasma levels of VEGF, TIMP-2 showed significantly higher than CA 15-3 values of the diagnostic sensitivity, the predictive values of positive and negative test results (PPV, NPV) and the area under the receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curve (AUC) in early stages of breast cancer (BC). The combined use of the tested parameters with CA 15-3 resulted in the increase in sensitivity, NPV and AUC, especially in the combination with VEGF (83%; 72%; 0.888) and TIMP-2 (83%; 72%; 0.894). The highest values were obtained for combination of all three parameters (93%; 85%; 0.923). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest the usefulness of the tested parameters in the diagnosis of BC, especially VEGF and TIMP-2 with CA 15-3 in early stages of BC, which could be a new diagnostic panel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir Ławicki
- a Department of Biochemical Diagnostics , Medical University , Bialystok , Poland
| | - Monika Zajkowska
- a Department of Biochemical Diagnostics , Medical University , Bialystok , Poland
| | | | | | - Maciej Szmitkowski
- a Department of Biochemical Diagnostics , Medical University , Bialystok , Poland
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Ławicki S, Zajkowska M, Głażewska EK, Będkowska GE, Szmitkowski M. Plasma levels and diagnostic utility of VEGF, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 in the diagnosis of patients with breast cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:911-9. [PMID: 26966379 PMCID: PMC4771393 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s99959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinase-9, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 may play a role in the pathogenesis of cancer disease. We investigated their levels and utility in comparison to cancer antigen (CA) 15-3 in patients with breast cancer (BC) and in relation to the control groups. The study included 100 women with BC, 50 patients with benign breast tumor, and 50 healthy women. The plasma levels of the tested parameters were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while CA 15-3 with chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. The results demonstrated significant differences in the concentration of the tested parameters and CA 15-3 between groups of patients with BC and healthy patients or patients with benign breast tumor. The plasma levels of VEGF and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 were significantly higher in advanced tumor stages. The tested parameters were comparable to CA 15-3 values of the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, the predictive values of positive and negative test results, and the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve. The combined use of the tested parameters with CA 15-3 resulted in the increase in sensitivity, negative predictive value, and area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve, especially in the combination of VEGF with tumor marker (84%, 73%, 0.888, respectively). These findings suggest the usefulness of the tested parameters in the diagnosis of BC. VEGF, especially in combination with CA 15-3, showed the highest usefulness in the diagnosis of early BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir Ławicki
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Monika Zajkowska
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Grażyna Ewa Będkowska
- Department of Hematological Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Maciej Szmitkowski
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Moschetta MG, Maschio LB, Jardim-Perassi BV, Gelaleti GB, Lopes JR, Leonel C, Gonçalves NDN, Ferreira LC, Martins GR, Borin TF, Zuccari DAPDC. Prognostic value of vascular endothelial growth factor and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α in canine malignant mammary tumors. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:2345-53. [PMID: 25779537 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammary tumors are the most common type of tumor in dogs, with approximately half of these tumors being malignant. Hypoxia, characterized by oxygen levels below normal, is a known adverse factor to cancer treatment. The hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) is a central regulator of the pathophysiological response of mammalian cells to low oxygen levels. HIF-1α activates the transcription of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which in turn promotes angiogenesis through its ability to stimulate the growth, migration and invasion of endothelial cells to form new blood vessels, contributing to tumor progression. In this study, we evaluated the serum concentration and gene expression of VEGF and HIF-1α linking them with clinicopathological parameters and survival of dogs with mammary tumors in order to infer the possible prognostic value of these factors. We collected blood and tumor fragments of 24 female dogs with malignant mammary tumors (study group) and 26 non-affected female dogs (control group) to verify the gene expression of VEGF and HIF-1α by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and the serum levels by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent). The results showed high serum levels of VEGF in the study group and its correlation between abundant vascularization, lymph node involvement, metastasis, death rate and low survival (p<0.05). The serum percentage of HIF-1α in female dogs with mammary neoplasia was lower than that in the control group and higher in female dogs with tumor metastasis and history of tumor recurrence (p<0.05). Regarding gene expression, there was a gene overexpression of VEGFA in female dogs with poor outcome, in contrast to the gene underexpression of HIF-1A. Taken together, these results suggested that VEGF is important in tumor progression and can be used as a potential prognostic marker in the clinic and may be useful in predicting tumor progression in dogs with mammary neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gobbe Moschetta
- PostGraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa Bazela Maschio
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Investigation (LIMC), Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna Victorasso Jardim-Perassi
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Investigation (LIMC), Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Bottaro Gelaleti
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Investigation (LIMC), Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Ramos Lopes
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Investigation (LIMC), Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Leonel
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Investigation (LIMC), Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Naiane Do Nascimento Gonçalves
- PostGraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lívia Carvalho Ferreira
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Investigation (LIMC), Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Rodrigues Martins
- PostGraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Thaiz Ferraz Borin
- PostGraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
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Al-Ameen MA, Li J, Beer DG, Ghosh G. Sensitive, quantitative, and high-throughput detection of angiogenic markers using shape-coded hydrogel microparticles. Analyst 2015; 140:4530-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an00358j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Demonstration of the application of shape coded hydrogel microparticles for multiplexed detection of angiogenic molecules. Utilization of single fluorophore eliminates the spectral overlap associated with microparticle based multiplexed analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Al-Ameen
- Bioengineering Program
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Michigan
- Dearborn
- USA
| | - Ji Li
- Bioengineering Program
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Michigan
- Dearborn
- USA
| | - David G. Beer
- Thoracic Surgery
- Department of Surgery
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Ann Arbor MI 48109
- USA
| | - Gargi Ghosh
- Bioengineering Program
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Michigan
- Dearborn
- USA
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Expression of angiogenesis regulatory proteins and epithelial-mesenchymal transition factors in platelets of the breast cancer patients. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:878209. [PMID: 25379550 PMCID: PMC4212629 DOI: 10.1155/2014/878209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets play a role in tumor angiogenesis and growth and are the main transporters of several angiogenesis regulators. Here, we aimed to determine the levels of angiogenesis regulators and epithelial-mesenchymal transition factors sequestered by circulating platelets in breast cancer patients and age-matched healthy controls. Platelet pellets (PP) and platelet-poor plasma (PPP) were collected by routine protocols. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB), thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), platelet factor 4 (PF4), and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Angiogenesis-associated expression of VEGF (2.1 pg/106 platelets versus 0.9 pg/106 platelets, P < 0.001), PF4 (21.2 ng/106 platelets versus 10.2 ng/106 platelets, P < 0.001), PDGF-BB (42.9 pg/106 platelets versus 19.1 pg/106 platelets, P < 0.001), and TGF-β1 (15.3 ng/106 platelets versus 4.3 ng/106 platelets, P < 0.001) differed in the PP samples of cancer and control subjects. In addition, protein concentrations were associated with clinical characteristics (P < 0.05). Circulating platelets in breast cancer sequester higher levels of PF4, VEGF, PDGF-BB, and TGF-β1, suggesting a possible target for early diagnosis. VEGF, PDGF, and TGF-β1 concentrations in platelets may be associated with prognosis.
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Ciftci R, Tas F, Yasasever CT, Aksit E, Karabulut S, Sen F, Keskin S, Kilic L, Yildiz I, Bozbey HU, Duranyildiz D, Vatansever S. High serum transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1) level predicts better survival in breast cancer. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:6941-8. [PMID: 24740564 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1932-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1) is a regulatory cytokine with both tumor suppressor and tumor-promoting effects in breast cancer (BC) cell lines and tissue. Data about level of circulating TGFB1 and its prognostic significance in BC patients is conflicting. The objective of this study is to determine the clinical significance of the serum TGFB1 levels in BC patients. We enrolled 96 female patients with histopathologically diagnosed BC who did not receive chemotherapy (CT) or radiotherapy. Serum TGFB1 levels were measured by ELISA method and compared with 30 healthy controls. The mean serum TGFB1 level of BC patients was significantly higher than controls (0.08 vs. 0.04 ng/ml, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference according to known disease-related clinicopathological or laboratory parameters. Serum TGFB1 level had a significant impact on overall survival in both univariate (p = 0.01) and multivariate analysis (p = 0.013). Serum TGFB1 level is elevated in BC patients and has a favorable prognostic value. However, it has no predictive role on CT response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumeysa Ciftci
- Medical Oncology Department, Institute of Oncology, Istanbul University, Capa, Istanbul, Turkey,
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Coelho BA, Belo AV, Andrade SP, Amorim WC, Uemura G, da Silva Filho AL. N-acetylglucosaminidase, myeloperoxidase and vascular endothelial growth factor serum levels in breast cancer patients. Biomed Pharmacother 2013; 68:185-9. [PMID: 24295784 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory cells surround breast carcinomas and may act promoting tumor development or stimulating anti-tumor immunity. N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) has been employed to detect macrophage accumulation/activation. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is considered a marker for neutrophils activity/accumulation. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) is as strong pro-angiogenic cytokine. The aim of this study was to measure the systemic inflammatory response by measuring serum levels of NAG, MPO and VEGF in women diagnosed with breast cancer and associate this response to the peritumoral inflammatory infiltrate and to prognostic factors. Serum samples obtained from women with no evidence of disease (n=31) and with breast cancer (n=68) were analyzed for the activities of NAG, MPO and VEGF by enzymatic assay. Serum levels of NAG and VEGF were higher in healthy volunteers (P<0.0001) and serum levels of MPO were higher in patients with breast cancer (P=0.002). Serum levels of NAG were positively correlated to serum levels of MPO and VEGF (P<0.0001 and P=0.0012, respectively) and MPO and VEGF serum levels had also a positive correlation (P=0.0018). The inflammatory infiltrate was not associated to serum levels of the inflammatory markers, and higher levels of MPO were associated to lymphovascular invasion negativity (P=0.0175).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertha Andrade Coelho
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, UNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho", Distrito de Rubião Júnior s/n(o) 18, 618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Andrezza Vilaça Belo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, UFMG, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Sílvia Passos Andrade
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, UFMG, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Washington Cançado Amorim
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, UFMG, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Uemura
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, UNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho", Distrito de Rubião Júnior s/n(o) 18, 618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Agnaldo Lopes da Silva Filho
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, UNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho", Distrito de Rubião Júnior s/n(o) 18, 618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, UFMG, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Ławicki S, Będkowska GE, Szmitkowski M. VEGF, M-CSF and CA 15-3 as a new tumor marker panel in breast malignancies: a multivariate analysis with ROC curve. Growth Factors 2013; 31:98-105. [PMID: 23688065 DOI: 10.3109/08977194.2013.797900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The plasma levels of Vascular endothelial growth factor, macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and CA15-3 in breast cancer patients (BC) were investigated and compared with control groups: benign breast tumor patients and the healthy subjects. Cytokine levels were determined by the use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, CA 15-3 - by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay method. Our results have demonstrated significant differences in the concentration of cytokines and CA 15-3 between the groups of BC patients and two control groups. Cytokines have demonstrated equal to CA 15-3 or even higher values of the diagnostic sensitivity (SE), the predictive values of positive and negative test results (PV-PR, PV-NR), and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) in the studied groups. The combined use of tested parameters resulted in the increase of the SE, PV-PR and AUC. These findings suggest the usefulness of both cytokines in the diagnosis of BC, but only M-CSF in discrimination between cancer and non-carcinoma lesions, especially in combination with CA 15-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir Ławicki
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University, Białystok, Poland.
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Significance of serum vascular endothelial growth factor and cancer antigen 15.3 in patients with triple negative breast cancer. JOURNAL OF RADIOTHERAPY IN PRACTICE 2013. [DOI: 10.1017/s146039691200057x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundA pilot study was undertaken to find significance of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cancer antigen (CA 15.3) in breast cancer patients.Materials and methodsTotal 70 patients with breast cancer were divided into triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and non-TNBC depending on oestrogen receptors, progesterone receptors or HER-2/neu receptors status. Serum CA 15.3 and VEGF levels were evaluated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at the time of diagnosis and were correlated with age, tumour size and stage of the disease in both the groups. Spearman's test was used to find the correlation.ResultsVEGF levels were found to be >400 pg/ml in 27 patients, 19 (54·33%) of them were TNBC and only 8 (22·87%) non-TNBC. Mean values of the VEGF were, 784·34 pg/ml in TNBC and 334·60 pg/ml non-TNBC patients, respectively. CA 15.3 level was found to be higher in non-TNBC group (60·72 U/ml) than in TNBC group (45·24 U/ml). In all patients significant correlation was found between serum CA 15.3 level and tumour size and stage of the disease. In non-TNBC patients significant correlation was seen between CA 15.3 values and stage of the disease, but VEGF had no correlation with any of the disease parameters. In TNBC patients, there was no correlation between CA 15.3 level and any of the disease parameters but VEGF showed a significant correlation with both tumour size and stage of the disease.ConclusionExpression profile of VEGF was high in TNBC than non-TNBC patients. VEGF serves to be a better biomarker as compared with CA 15.3 in TNBC patients.
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Rykala J, Przybylowska K, Majsterek I, Pasz-Walczak G, Sygut A, Dziki A, Kruk-Jeromin J. Angiogenesis markers quantification in breast cancer and their correlation with clinicopathological prognostic variables. Pathol Oncol Res 2011; 17:809-17. [PMID: 21560015 PMCID: PMC3185224 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-011-9387-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tumoural angiogenesis is essential for the growth and spread of breast cancer cells. Therefore the aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic performance of angiogenesis markers in tumours and there reflecting levels in serum of breast cancer patients. Angiogenin, Ang2, fibroblast growth factor basic, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), platelet-derived growth factor-BB, and VEGF-A were measured using a FASTQuant angiogenic growth factor multiplex protein assay. We observed that breast cancer tumours exhibited high levels of PDGF-BB, bFGF and VEGF, and extremely high levels of TIMP-1 and Ang-2, whereas in serum we found significantly higher levels of Ang-2, PDGF-BB, bFGF, ICAM-1 and VEGF in patients with breast cancer compared to the benign breast diseases patients. Moreover, some of these angiogenesis markers evaluated in tumour and serum of breast cancer patients exhibited association with standard clinical parameters, ER status as well as MVD of tumours. Angiogenesis markers play important roles in tumour growth, invasion and metastasis. Our results suggest that analysis of angiogenesis markers in tumour and serum of breast cancer patients using multiplex protein assay can improve diagnosis and prognosis in this diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Rykala
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Barlicki Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, Kopcinskiego 22, 90-153, Lodz, Poland.
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Metwally FM, El-mezayen HA, Ahmed HH. Significance of vascular endothelial growth factor, interleukin-18 and nitric oxide in patients with breast cancer: correlation with carbohydrate antigen 15.3. Med Oncol 2010; 28 Suppl 1:S15-21. [PMID: 20725807 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-010-9657-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine serum concentrations of angiogenic factors including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin 18 (IL-18) and nitric oxide (NO) in patients with breast cancer and to evaluate whether these factors will be correlated with CA 15.3, as a routine tumor marker for breast cancer or not. This study was conducted on 44 patients with breast cancer and 15 healthy individuals as a control group. The results demonstrated significant increase in serum IL-18, NO and CA 15.3 levels in sera of breast cancer patients when compared to those of the control group (P < 0.001, P = 0.016 and P < 0.001, respectively). However, the mean serum level of VEGF in patients as showed insignificant increase compared to that of the controls was not significant (P = 0.311). Sensitivity of CA 15.3, VEGF, IL-18 and NO to detect patients with disease was 52.2, 21.3, 77.2 and 70.4 %, respectively. In addition, positive status of serum CA 15.3 and/or IL-18 was found in 39 out of 44 (88.6 %) patients, and the positive status of serum CA 15.3 and/or NO was only found in 35 out of 44 (79.5 %). In conclusion, the simultaneous determination of IL-18 or NO in combination with the CA 15.3 may increase the sensitivity to diagnose breast cancer and may aid in disease prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatehya M Metwally
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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Circulating endothelial cells and circulating progenitor cells in breast cancer: relationship to endothelial damage/dysfunction/apoptosis, clinicopathologic factors, and the Nottingham Prognostic Index. Neoplasia 2009; 11:771-9. [PMID: 19649207 DOI: 10.1593/neo.09490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2009] [Revised: 04/21/2009] [Accepted: 04/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND METHODS Abnormal circulating endothelial cell (CEC) and circulating progenitor cell (CPC) numbers are present in cancer, but their relationship with angiogenesis, apoptosis, vascular biology, and prognosis is unclear. We prospectively studied 160 patients with breast cancer and 63 age-matched controls free of breast cancer, measuring CECs (CD45(-)/CD146(+)/CD34(+)) and CPCs (CD45(-)/CD133(+)/CD34(+)) by flow cytometry and plasma markers of endothelial damage/dysfunction (von Willebrand factor), apoptosis (Fas/Fas-L) and angiogenesis (vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF], angiogenin) by ELISA. These were compared with clinicopathophysiologic features and the Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI). An additional blood sample was taken 6 to 8 weeks after surgery from 15 women to test the effect of tumor removal. RESULTS CECs were significantly higher in the NPI poor prognostic group compared with moderate and good prognostic groups, and the cancer-free controls, whereas CPCs were lower in the poor prognosis group (both P < .05). Levels of von Willebrand factor, VEGF, angiogenin, and Fas-L (but not soluble Fas) were abnormal in breast cancer compared with controls (P < .05), with no relationship to prognosis groups. VEGF (P = .04) and angiogenin (P = .001) were markedly different after surgery. In multivariate analysis, vascular invasion (P < .05) and tumor size (P < .001) were independently associated with CECs. CPCs did not significantly associate with NPI in a linear regression model; age (P < .05) was a negative predictor, whereas Her-2 status (P < .05) positively predicted CPCs. After adjustment, no variable independently predicted CPC levels. CONCLUSIONS CECs and CPCs demonstrate a strong relationship with NPI groups, but only CECs positively predict higher NPI scores and correlate with tumor invasiveness and size, possibly reflecting total tumor vascular volume.
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