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Sasibhushana RB, Shankaranarayana Rao BS, Srikumar BN. Anxiety-, and depression-like behavior following short-term finasteride administration is associated with impaired synaptic plasticity and cognitive behavior in male rats. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 174:304-318. [PMID: 38685188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Finasteride, a 5α-Reductase inhibitor, is used to treat male pattern baldness and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Several clinical studies show that chronic finasteride treatment induces persistent depression, suicidal thoughts and cognitive impairment and these symptoms are persistent even after its withdrawal. Previous results from our lab showed that repeated administration of finasteride for six days induces depression-like behavior. However, whether short-term finasteride administration induces anxiety-like behavior and memory impairment and alters synaptic plasticity are not known, which formed the basis of this study. Finasteride was administered to 2-2.5 months old male Wistar rats for six days and subjected to behavioral evaluation, biochemical estimation and synaptic plasticity assessment. Anxiety-like behavior was evaluated in the elevated plus maze (EPM), open field test (OFT), light/dark test (LDT), and novelty suppressed feeding test (NSFT), and learning and memory using novel object recognition test (NORT) and novel object location test (NOLT) and depression-like behavior in the sucrose preference test (SPT). Synaptic plasticity in the hippocampal Schaffer collateral-CA1 was evaluated using slice field potential recordings. Plasma corticosterone levels were estimated using ELISA. Finasteride administration induced anxiety-like behavior in the EPM, OFT, LDT and NSFT, and depression-like behavior in the SPT. Further, finasteride induced hippocampal dependent spatial learning and memory impairment in the NOLT. In addition, finasteride decreased basal synaptic plasticity and long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus. A trend of increased plasma corticosterone levels was observed following repeated finasteride administration. These results indicate the potential role of corticosterone and synaptic plasticity in finasteride-induced effects and further studies will pave way for the development of novel neurosteroid-based therapeutics in neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Sasibhushana
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, 560029, India
| | - B S Shankaranarayana Rao
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, 560029, India
| | - Bettadapura N Srikumar
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, 560029, India.
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Bekci E, Gokmen RC, Kanit L, Gozen O, Balkan B, Koylu EO, Keser A. Enhanced Novel Object Recognition and Spatial Memory in Rats Selectively Bred for High Nicotine Preference. Brain Sci 2024; 14:427. [PMID: 38790406 PMCID: PMC11118842 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14050427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examined the influence of genetic background on cognitive performance in a selectively bred high nicotine-preferring (NP) rat line. Using the novel object recognition (NOR), novel location recognition (NLR), and Morris water maze (MWM) tests, we evaluated object memory, spatial memory, and spatial navigation in nicotine-naive NP rats compared to controls. Our results demonstrate that in the NOR test, both male and female NP rats spent more time exploring the novel object (higher discrimination index) compared to sex-matched controls. In the NLR, the discrimination index differed significantly from zero chance (no preference) in both NP males and females but not in controls, indicating enhanced spatial memory in the NP line. During MWM acquisition, the NP groups and control males took a shorter path to reach the platform compared to control females. On the probe trial, the distance traveled in the target quadrant was longer for NP males and females compared to their respective controls, suggesting enhanced spatial navigation and learning in the NP rats. The interesting preference for novel objects and locations displayed by NP rats may indicate a potential novelty-seeking phenotype in this line. These results highlight the complex interplay between genetic factors, cognitive function, and nicotine preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eren Bekci
- Neuroscience Department, Institute of Health Sciences, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Can Gokmen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Lutfiye Kanit
- Neuroscience Department, Institute of Health Sciences, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Oguz Gozen
- Neuroscience Department, Institute of Health Sciences, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Burcu Balkan
- Neuroscience Department, Institute of Health Sciences, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Ersin O. Koylu
- Neuroscience Department, Institute of Health Sciences, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Keser
- Neuroscience Department, Institute of Health Sciences, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
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Limón-Morales O, Morales-Quintero K, Arteaga-Silva M, Molina-Jiménez T, Cerbón M, Bonilla-Jaime H. Alterations of learning and memory are accompanied by alterations in the expression of 5-HT receptors, glucocorticoid receptor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in different brain regions of an animal model of depression generated by neonatally male treatment with clomipramine in male rats. Behav Brain Res 2023; 455:114664. [PMID: 37714467 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Depressive illness has been associated with impaired cognitive processes accompanied by reduced neurotrophin levels, especially brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and dysfunctions in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. In addition, depression is characterized by a decreased functioning of the serotonergic system due to changes in the activity or expression of its receptors including, most significantly, 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT3 in brain regions that regulate mood, emotions, and memory, such as the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala. In this regard, rats treated with clomipramine (CMI) in the neonatal stage show depression-like behaviors that persist into adulthood; hence, this constitutes an adequate model of depression for exploring various molecular aspects associated with the etiology of this disorder. This, study, then, was designed to analyze the long-term effects of early postnatal exposure to CMI on the expression of 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT3 receptors, as well as BDNF and GR in the following brain regions: PFC, amygdala, hippocampus, and hypothalamus, which could be related to alterations in memory and learning, as evaluated using the novel object recognition (NOR) and Morris water maze (MWM). Expression of the 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT3 receptors, BDNF, and the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) was assessed by RT-qPCR in the four aforementioned brain regions, all of which play important roles in the control of memory and mood. Findings show that neonatal treatment with CMI causes alterations in memory and learning, as indicated by alterations in the results of the MWM and NOR tests. Expression of the 5-HT1A receptor increased in the hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus, but decreased in the PFC, while the 5-HT2A and BDNF receptors decreased their expression in the PFC, amygdala, and hippocampus. There was no change in the expression of the 5-HT3 receptor. In addition, expression of GR in the hippocampus and PFC was low, but increased in the hypothalamus. Taken together, these data show that neonatal CMI treatment produces permanent molecular changes in brain regions related to learning and memory that could contribute to explaining the behavioral alterations observed in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofelia Limón-Morales
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, C.P 09340 CDMX, Mexico; Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Kenia Morales-Quintero
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Marcela Arteaga-Silva
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, C.P 09340 CDMX, Mexico
| | - Tania Molina-Jiménez
- Facultad de Química Farmacéutica Biológica, Universidad Veracruzana, Circuito Gonzalo Aguirre Beltrán s/n, Zona Universitaria Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Marco Cerbón
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Herlinda Bonilla-Jaime
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, C.P 09340 CDMX, Mexico
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Schoenfeld TJ, Rhee D, Smith JA, Padmanaban V, Brockett AT, Jacobs HN, Cameron HA. Rewarded Maze Training Increases Approach Behavior in Rats Through Neurogenesis-Dependent Growth of Ventral Hippocampus-Prelimbic Circuits. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 3:725-733. [PMID: 37881563 PMCID: PMC10593943 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Learning complex navigation routes increases hippocampal volume in humans, but it is not clear whether this growth impacts behaviors outside the learning situation or what cellular mechanisms are involved. Methods We trained rats with pharmacogenetic suppression of adult neurogenesis and littermate controls in 3 mazes over 3 weeks and tested novelty approach behavior several days after maze exposure. We then measured hippocampus and prelimbic cortex volumes using magnetic resonance imaging and assessed neuronal and astrocyte morphology. Finally, we investigated the activation and behavioral role of the ventral CA1 (vCA1)-to-prelimbic pathway using immediate-early genes and DREADDs (designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs). Results Maze training led to volume increase of both the vCA1 region of the hippocampus and the prelimbic region of the neocortex compared with rats that followed fixed paths. Growth was also apparent in individual neurons and astrocytes in these 2 regions, and behavioral testing showed increased novelty approach in maze-trained rats in 2 different tests. Suppressing adult neurogenesis prevented the effects on structure and approach behavior after maze training without affecting maze learning itself. The vCA1 neurons projecting to the prelimbic area were more activated by novelty in maze-trained animals, and suppression of this pathway decreased approach behavior. Conclusions Rewarded navigational learning experiences induce volumetric and morphologic growth in the vCA1 and prelimbic cortex and enhance activation of the circuit connecting these 2 regions. Both the structural and behavioral effects of maze training require ongoing adult neurogenesis, suggesting a role for new neurons in experience-driven increases in novelty exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Schoenfeld
- Section on Neuroplasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Psychological Science and Neuroscience, Belmont University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Diane Rhee
- Section on Neuroplasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jesse A. Smith
- Section on Neuroplasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Varun Padmanaban
- Section on Neuroplasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Adam T. Brockett
- Department of Psychology and Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Hannah N. Jacobs
- Section on Neuroplasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Heather A. Cameron
- Section on Neuroplasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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5
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Yang SJ, Wang JJ, Cheng P, Chen LX, Hu JM, Zhu GQ. Ginsenoside Rg1 in neurological diseases: From bench to bedside. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:913-930. [PMID: 36380226 PMCID: PMC10104881 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-01022-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginseng has been used in China as a superior medicinal material for thousands of years that can nourish the five internal organs, calm the mind and benefit wisdom. Due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective activities, one of the active components of ginseng, ginsenoside Rg1, has been extensively investigated in the remedy of brain disorders, especially dementia and depression. In this review, we summarized the research progress on the action mechanisms of Rg1 ameliorating depression-like behaviors, including inhibition of hyperfunction of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, regulation of synaptic plasticity and gut flora. Rg1 may alleviate Alzheimer's disease in the early phase, as well as in the middle-late phases through repairing dendrite, axon and microglia- and astrocyte-related inflammations. We also proposed that Rg1 could regulate memory state (the imbalance of working and aversive memory) caused by distinct stimuli. These laboratory studies would further the clinical trials on Rg1. From the prospective of drug development, we discussed the limitations of the present investigations and proposed our ideas to increase permeability and bioavailability of Rg1. Taken together, Rg1 has the potential to treat neuropsychiatric disorders, but a future in-depth investigation of the mechanisms is still required. In addition, drug development will benefit from the clinical trials in one specific neuropsychiatric disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Jing-Ji Wang
- The Second Affiliation Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230061, China.
| | - Ping Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Li-Xia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Jia-Min Hu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Guo-Qi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
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6
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Campos ACP, Pople C, Silk E, Surendrakumar S, Rabelo TK, Meng Y, Gouveia FV, Lipsman N, Giacobbe P, Hamani C. Neurochemical mechanisms of deep brain stimulation for depression in animal models. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 68:11-26. [PMID: 36640729 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has emerged as a neuromodulation therapy for treatment-resistant depression, but its actual efficacy and mechanisms of action are still unclear. Changes in neurochemical transmission are important mechanisms of antidepressant therapies. Here, we review the preclinical DBS literature reporting behavioural and neurochemical data associated with its antidepressant-like effects. The most commonly studied target in preclinical models was the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). In rodents, DBS delivered to this target induced serotonin (5-HT) release and increased 5-HT1B receptor expression. The antidepressant-like effects of vmPFC DBS seemed to be independent of the serotonin transporter and potentially mediated by the direct modulation of prefrontal projections to the raphe. Adenosinergic and glutamatergic transmission might have also play a role. Medial forebrain bundle (MFB) DBS increased dopamine levels and reduced D2 receptor expression, whereas nucleus accumbens (NAcc), and lateral habenula (LHb) stimulation increased catecholamine levels in different brain regions. In rodents, subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS induced robust depression-like responses associated with a reduction in serotonergic transmission, as revealed by a decrease in serotonin release. Some of these effects seemed to be mediated by 5HT1A receptors. In conclusion, the antidepressant-like effects of DBS in preclinical models have been well documented in multiple targets. Though variable mechanisms have been proposed, DBS-induced acute and long-term changes in neurochemical substrates seem to play an important role in the antidepressant-like effects of this therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina P Campos
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Christopher Pople
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Esther Silk
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Shanan Surendrakumar
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Thallita K Rabelo
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Ying Meng
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Flavia Venetucci Gouveia
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Nir Lipsman
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Peter Giacobbe
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Clement Hamani
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada.
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Zhang YM, Wei RM, Li XY, Feng YZ, Zhang KX, Ge YJ, Kong XY, Liu XC, Chen GH. Long-term environmental enrichment overcomes depression, learning, and memory impairment in elderly CD-1 mice with maternal sleep deprivation exposure. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1177250. [PMID: 37168717 PMCID: PMC10164971 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1177250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Early-life stress disrupts central nervous system development and increases the risk of neuropsychiatric disorder in offspring based on rodent studies. Maternal sleep deprivation (MSD) in rodents has also been associated with depression and cognitive decline in adult offspring. However, it is not known whether these issues persist into old age. Environmental enrichment is a non-pharmacological intervention with proven benefits in improving depression and cognitive impairment; however, it is unclear whether these benefits hold for aging mice following MSD exposure. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of MSD on depression and cognition in elderly offspring CD-1 mice and to determine whether long-term environmental enrichment could alleviate these effects by improving neuroinflammation and synaptic plasticity. The offspring mice subjected to MSD were randomly assigned to either a standard environment or an enriched environment. At 18 months of age, the forced swimming and tail suspension tests were used to evaluated depression-like behaviors, and the Morris water maze test was used to evaluate cognitive function. The expression levels of hippocampal proinflammatory cytokines and synaptic plasticity-associated proteins were also measured. MSD increased depression-like behaviors and impaired cognition function in aging CD-1 offspring mice. These effects were accompanied by upregulated interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α expression, and downregulated brain-derived neurotrophic factor, tyrosine kinase receptor B, postsynaptic density-95, and synaptophysin expression in the hippocampus. All of these changes were reversed by long-term exposure to an enriched environment. These findings suggest that MSD exerts long-term effects on the behaviors of offspring in mice, leading to depression and cognitive impairment in older age. Importantly, long-term environmental enrichment could counteract the behavior difficulties induced by MSD through improving hippocampal proinflammatory cytokines and synaptic plasticity-associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Ming Zhang
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ru-Meng Wei
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xue-Yan Li
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yi-Zhou Feng
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Kai-Xuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yi-Jun Ge
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Kong
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xue-Chun Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second People’s Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- *Correspondence: Gui-Hai Chen, ; Xue-Chun Liu,
| | - Gui-Hai Chen
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- *Correspondence: Gui-Hai Chen, ; Xue-Chun Liu,
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Chakraborty S, Tripathi SJ, Raju TR, Shankaranarayana Rao BS. Brain stimulation rewarding experience attenuates neonatal clomipramine-induced adulthood anxiety by reversal of pathological changes in the amygdala. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 103:110000. [PMID: 32512130 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with enhanced anxiety and reduced reward processing leading to impaired cognitive flexibility. These pathological changes during depression are accompanied by dysfunctional hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and its impaired regulation by the amygdala. Notably, the electrical stimulation of brain reward areas produces an antidepressant effect in both MDD patients and animal models of depression. However, the effects of chronic electrical self-stimulation of lateral hypothalamus - medial forebrain bundle (LH-MFB) on depression-associated anxiety and accompanying changes in plasma corticosterone levels, structural, and neurochemical alterations in the amygdala are unknown. Here, we used the neonatal clomipramine (CLI) model of depression. During adulthood, neonatal CLI and vehicle administered rats were subjected to bilateral electrode implantation at LH-MFB and trained to receive intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) for 14 days. Rats were then tested for anhedonic and anxiety-like behaviors, followed by estimation of plasma corticosterone levels, assessment of amygdalar volumes and neuronal/glial numbers, levels of monoamines and their metabolites in the amygdala. We found that chronic ICSS of LH-MFB reverses CLI-induced anhedonia and anxiety. Interestingly, amelioration of CLI-induced enhanced anhedonia and anxiety in ICSS rats was associated with partial reversal of enhanced plasma corticosterone levels, hypertrophy of basolateral amygdala (BLA), and altered noradrenaline (NA) metabolism in the amygdalar complex. We suggest that beneficial effects of ICSS on CLI-induced anxiety at least in part mediated by the restoration of amygdalar and HPA axis functioning. Our results support the hypothesis that brain stimulation rewarding experience might be evolved as a therapeutic strategy for reversal of amygdalar dysfunction in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwarna Chakraborty
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bengaluru 560 029, India
| | - Sunil Jamuna Tripathi
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bengaluru 560 029, India
| | - T R Raju
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bengaluru 560 029, India
| | - B S Shankaranarayana Rao
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bengaluru 560 029, India.
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9
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Tripathi SJ, Chakraborty S, Rao BSS. Remediation of chronic immobilization stress-induced negative affective behaviors and altered metabolism of monoamines in the prefrontal cortex by inactivation of basolateral amygdala. Neurochem Int 2020; 141:104858. [PMID: 33010391 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to chronic stress precipitates depression and anxiety. Stress-induced responses are differentially regulated by the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and basolateral amygdala (BLA). For instance, repeated stress leads to hypertrophy of BLA, resulting in the emergence of affective symptoms. Chronic stress-induced changes in the metabolism of monoamines are central in the manifestation of affective symptoms. Interestingly, BLA via its reciprocal connections modulates prefrontal cortical monoaminergic responses to acute stress. However, the effects of BLA inactivation on chronic stress-induced affective behaviors and monoaminergic changes in the PFC are relatively unknown. Thus, we hypothesized that inactivation of BLA might prevent chronic immobilization stress (CIS)-induced depressive-, anxiety-like behaviors, and associated monoaminergic alterations in the prelimbic (PrL) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) subregions of PFC. We used two different BLA silencing strategies, namely ibotenic acid lesion and reversible temporary inactivation using lidocaine. We found that CIS precipitates depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors. Further, CIS-induced negative affective behaviors were associated with decreased levels of 5-HT, DA, and NE, and increased 5-HIAA/5-HT, DOPAC + HVA/DA, and MHPG/NE ratio in the PrL and ACC, suggesting enhanced metabolism. Interestingly, BLA lesion prior to CIS blocked the emergence of depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors. Moreover, the lesion of BLA prior to CIS was sufficient to prevent alterations in levels of monoamines and their metabolites in the PrL and ACC. Thereafter, we evaluated whether the effects of BLA lesion could be mirrored by temporary inactivation of BLA, specifically during stress. Remarkably, temporary inactivation of BLA during stress recapitulated the effects of lesion. Our results have implications for understanding the role of BLA in chronic stress-induced metabolic alterations in prefrontal cortical monoaminergic systems, and associated mood and anxiety disorders. The current study supports the hypothesis that combating amygdalar hyperactivity might be a viable strategy for the management of stress and associated affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Jamuna Tripathi
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Hosur Road, Bengaluru, 560 029, India
| | - Suwarna Chakraborty
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Hosur Road, Bengaluru, 560 029, India
| | - B S Shankaranarayana Rao
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Hosur Road, Bengaluru, 560 029, India.
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Chakraborty S, Tripathi SJ, Raju TR, Shankaranarayana Rao BS. Mechanisms underlying remediation of depression-associated anxiety by chronic N-acetyl cysteine treatment. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:2967-2981. [PMID: 32572589 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05585-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Anxiety is one of the most comorbid conditions with major depressive disorder (MDD). Depression-associated anxiety often stems from the dysfunctional hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and its altered regulation by the amygdala. Furthermore, MDD is associated with altered glutamatergic processing leading to anxiety and impaired regulation of the HPA axis. Recent studies have demonstrated that N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), a pleiotropic drug, exerts antidepressant-like effect by modulation of hippocampal functions, periterminal release of glutamate, and/or redox systems. However, the effects of NAC on depression-associated anxiety, HPA axis hyperactivity, and amygdalar dysfunctions are relatively unknown. OBJECTIVES Accordingly, we evaluated the effect of NAC on neonatal clomipramine (CLI)-induced adulthood anxiety and accompanying changes in plasma corticosterone levels, amygdalar volumes, neuronal/glial densities, levels of monoamines, and their metabolites in the amygdalar complex. RESULTS We found that chronic treatment with NAC reverses CLI-induced anhedonia and enhanced anxiety. Interestingly, attenuation of CLI-associated anxiety in NAC-treated rats were accompanied by a reversal of adrenal and spleen hypertrophy, and normalization of enhanced plasma corticosterone levels, indicating improved HPA axis functioning. Furthermore, NAC treatment was sufficient to reverse volumetric hypertrophy of basolateral amygdala (BLA), and altered noradrenaline (NA) metabolism in the amygdalar complex. The effects of NAC in the reversal of CLI-induced impairments were similar to that of fluoxetine (FLX). CONCLUSIONS We suggest that beneficial effects of NAC on antidepressive- and antianxiety-like behaviors are at least in part mediated via restoration of amygdalar and HPA axis functioning. Our results support the hypothesis that NAC might be evolved as a therapeutic strategy for reversal of amygdalar dysfunction in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwarna Chakraborty
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, 560 029, India
| | - Sunil Jamuna Tripathi
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, 560 029, India
| | - T R Raju
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, 560 029, India
| | - B S Shankaranarayana Rao
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, 560 029, India.
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Döbrössy MD, Ramanathan C, Ashouri Vajari D, Tong Y, Schlaepfer T, Coenen VA. Neuromodulation in Psychiatric disorders: Experimental and Clinical evidence for reward and motivation network Deep Brain Stimulation: Focus on the medial forebrain bundle. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:89-113. [PMID: 32931064 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) in psychiatric illnesses has been clinically tested over the past 20 years. The clinical application of DBS to the superolateral branch of the medial forebrain bundle in treatment-resistant depressed patients-one of several targets under investigation-has shown to be promising in a number of uncontrolled open label trials. However, there are remain numerous questions that need to be investigated to understand and optimize the clinical use of DBS in depression, including, for example, the relationship between the symptoms, the biological substrates/projections and the stimulation itself. In the context of precision and customized medicine, the current paper focuses on clinical and experimental research of medial forebrain bundle DBS in depression or in animal models of depression, demonstrating how clinical and scientific progress can work in tandem to test the therapeutic value and investigate the mechanisms of this experimental treatment. As one of the hypotheses is that depression engenders changes in the reward and motivational networks, the review looks at how stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle impacts the dopaminergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máté D Döbrössy
- Laboratory of Stereotaxy and Interventional Neurosciences, Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Basics in Neuromodulation, Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Chockalingam Ramanathan
- Laboratory of Stereotaxy and Interventional Neurosciences, Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Danesh Ashouri Vajari
- Laboratory for Biomedical Microtechnology, Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yixin Tong
- Laboratory of Stereotaxy and Interventional Neurosciences, Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Schlaepfer
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Interventional Biological Psychiatry, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Volker A Coenen
- Laboratory of Stereotaxy and Interventional Neurosciences, Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Basics in Neuromodulation, Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Chakraborty S, Tripathi SJ, Srikumar B, Raju T, Shankaranarayana Rao B. N-acetyl cysteine ameliorates depression-induced cognitive deficits by restoring the volumes of hippocampal subfields and associated neurochemical changes. Neurochem Int 2020; 132:104605. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Zhou XT, Bao WD, Liu D, Zhu LQ. Targeting the Neuronal Activity of Prefrontal Cortex: New Directions for the Therapy of Depression. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:332-346. [PMID: 31686631 PMCID: PMC7327942 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666191101124017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is one of the prevalent psychiatric illnesses with a comprehensive performance such as low self-esteem, lack of motivation, anhedonia, poor appetite, low energy, and uncomfortableness without a specific cause. So far, the cause of depression is not very clear, but it is certain that many aspects of biological psychological and social environment are involved in the pathogenesis of depression. Recently, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) has been indicated to be a pivotal brain region in the pathogenesis of depression. And increasing evidence showed that the abnormal activity of the PFC neurons is linked with depressive symptoms. Unveiling the molecular and cellular, as well as the circuit properties of the PFC neurons will help to find out how abnormalities in PFC neuronal activity are associated with depressive disorders. In addition, concerning many antidepressant drugs, in this review, we concluded the effect of several antidepressants on PFC neuronal activity to better understand its association with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ling-Qiang Zhu
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China; Tel: 862783692625; Fax: 862783692608; E-mail:
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