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Tunes P, Dötterl S, Guimarães E. Florivory and Pollination Intersection: Changes in Floral Trait Expression Do Not Discourage Hummingbird Pollination. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:813418. [PMID: 35432434 PMCID: PMC9006511 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.813418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Many flowers are fed on by florivores, but we know little about if and how feeding on flowers affects their visual and chemical advertisement and nectar resource, which could disrupt pollination. Here, we investigated if damages caused by florivores compromise a Neotropical hummingbird pollination system, by modifying the floral advertisements and the nectar resource. We surveyed natural florivory levels and patterns, examined short-term local effects of floral damages caused by the most common florivore, a caterpillar, on floral outline, intra-floral colour pattern and floral scent, as well as on the amount of nectar. Following, we experimentally tested if the most severe florivory pattern affected hummingbird pollination. The feeding activity of the most common florivore did not alter the intra-floral colour pattern, floral scent, and nectar volume, but changed the corolla outline. However, this change did not affect hummingbird pollination. Despite visual floral cues being important for foraging in hummingbirds, our results emphasise that changes in the corolla outline had a neutral effect on pollination, allowing the maintenance of florivore-plant-pollinator systems without detriment to any partner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Tunes
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences (Botany), Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolution of Plant-Animal Interactions, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Stefan Dötterl
- Department of Environment and Biodiversity, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Elza Guimarães
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolution of Plant-Animal Interactions, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
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Jacobsen DJ, Raguso RA. Leaf Induction Impacts Behavior and Performance of a Pollinating Herbivore. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:791680. [PMID: 34975977 PMCID: PMC8718909 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.791680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Flowering plants use volatiles to attract pollinators while deterring herbivores. Vegetative and floral traits may interact to affect insect behavior. Pollinator behavior is most likely influenced by leaf traits when larval stages interact with plants in different ways than adult stages, such as when larvae are leaf herbivores but adult moths visit flowers as pollinators. Here, we determine how leaf induction and corresponding volatile differences in induced plants influence behavior in adult moths and whether these preferences align with larval performance. We manipulated vegetative induction in four Nicotiana species. Using paired induced and control plants of the same species with standardized artificial flowers, we measured foraging and oviposition choices by their ecologically and economically important herbivore/pollinator, Manduca sexta. In parallel, we measured growth rates of M. sexta larvae fed leaves from control or induced plants to determine if this was consistent with female oviposition preference. Lastly, we used plant headspace collections and gas chromatography to quantify volatile compounds from both induced and control leaves to link changes in plant chemistry with moth behavior. In the absence of floral chemical cues, vegetative defensive status influenced adult moth foraging preference from artificial flowers in one species (N. excelsior), where females nectared from induced plants more often than control plants. Plant vegetative resistance consistently influenced oviposition choice such that moths deposited more eggs on control plants than on induced plants of all four species. This oviposition preference for control plants aligned with higher larval growth rates on control leaves compared with induced leaves. Control and induced plants of each species had similar leaf volatile profiles, but induced plants had higher emission levels. Leaves of N. excelsior produced the most volatile compounds, including some inducible compounds typically associated with floral scent. We demonstrate that vegetative plant defensive volatiles play a role in host plant selection and that insects assess information from leaves differently when choosing between nectaring and oviposition locations. These results underscore the complex interactions between plants, their pollinators, and herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deidra J. Jacobsen
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- *Correspondence: Deidra J. Jacobsen,
| | - Robert A. Raguso
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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Cagliero C, Mastellone G, Marengo A, Bicchi C, Sgorbini B, Rubiolo P. Analytical strategies for in-vivo evaluation of plant volatile emissions - A review. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1147:240-258. [PMID: 33485582 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are metabolites emitted by living plants that have a fundamental ecological role since they influence atmospheric chemistry, plant communication and pollinator/herbivore behaviour, and human activities. Over the years, several strategies have been developed to isolate and identify them, and to take advantage of their activity. The main techniques used for in-vivo analyses include dynamic headspace (D-HS), static headspace (S-HS) and, more recently, direct contact (DC) methods in association with gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (MS). The aim of this review is to provide insight into the in-vivo characterisation of plant volatile emissions with a focus on sampling, analysis and possible applications. This review first provides a critical discussion of the challenges associated with conventional approaches and their limitations and advantages. Then, it describes a series of applications of in-vivo volatilomic studies to enhance how the information they provide impact on our knowledge of plant behaviour, including the effects of abiotic (damage, flooding, climate) and biotic (insect feeding) stress factors in relation to the plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Cagliero
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia Del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi di Torino, I, 10125, Turin, Italy.
| | - Giulia Mastellone
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia Del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi di Torino, I, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Arianna Marengo
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia Del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi di Torino, I, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Carlo Bicchi
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia Del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi di Torino, I, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Barbara Sgorbini
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia Del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi di Torino, I, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rubiolo
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia Del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi di Torino, I, 10125, Turin, Italy
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Rusman Q, Karssemeijer PN, Lucas-Barbosa D, Poelman EH. Settling on leaves or flowers: herbivore feeding site determines the outcome of indirect interactions between herbivores and pollinators. Oecologia 2019; 191:887-896. [PMID: 31686227 PMCID: PMC6854048 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04539-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herbivore attack can alter plant interactions with pollinators, ranging from reduced to enhanced pollinator visitation. The direction and strength of effects of herbivory on pollinator visitation could be contingent on the type of plant tissue or organ attacked by herbivores, but this has seldom been tested experimentally. We investigated the effect of variation in feeding site of herbivorous insects on the visitation by insect pollinators on flowering Brassica nigra plants. We placed herbivores on either leaves or flowers, and recorded the responses of two pollinator species when visiting flowers. Our results show that variation in herbivore feeding site has profound impact on the outcome of herbivore–pollinator interactions. Herbivores feeding on flowers had consistent positive effects on pollinator visitation, whereas herbivores feeding on leaves did not. Herbivores themselves preferred to feed on flowers, and mostly performed best on flowers. We conclude that herbivore feeding site choice can profoundly affect herbivore–pollinator interactions and feeding site thereby makes for an important herbivore trait that can determine the linkage between antagonistic and mutualistic networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quint Rusman
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter N Karssemeijer
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dani Lucas-Barbosa
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Bio-communication and Ecology, ETH Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erik H Poelman
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Zhou Q, Cheng X, Wang S, Liu S, Wei C. Effects of Chemical Insecticide Imidacloprid on the Release of C 6 Green Leaf Volatiles in Tea Plants (Camellia sinensis). Sci Rep 2019; 9:625. [PMID: 30679494 PMCID: PMC6345918 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36556-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical insecticides are widely used for pest control worldwide. However, the impact of insecticides on indirect plant defense is seldom reported. Here, using tea plants and the pesticide imidacloprid, effects of chemical insecticides on C6-green leaf volatiles (GLVs) anabolism and release were investigated first time. Compared with the non-treated control plants, the treatment of imidacloprid resulted in the lower release amount of key GLVs: (Z)-3-hexenal, n-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexene-1-ol and (Z)-3-Hexenyl acetate. The qPCR analysis revealed a slight higher transcript level of the CsLOX3 gene but a significantly lower transcript level of CsHPL gene. Our results suggest that imidacloprid treatment can have a negative effect on the emission of GLVs due to suppressing the critical GLVs synthesis-related gene, consequently affecting plant indirect defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology, Xinyang Normal University, 237 Nanhu Road, Xinyang, 464000, Henan, China.,Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, 237 Nanhu Road, Xinyang, 464000, Henan, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Shuangshuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Shengrui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Chaoling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China.
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Rusman Q, Lucas‐Barbosa D, Poelman EH. Dealing with mutualists and antagonists: Specificity of plant‐mediated interactions between herbivores and flower visitors, and consequences for plant fitness. Funct Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quint Rusman
- Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Dani Lucas‐Barbosa
- Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Erik H. Poelman
- Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands
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Farré-Armengol G, Filella I, Llusià J, Peñuelas J. β-Ocimene, a Key Floral and Foliar Volatile Involved in Multiple Interactions between Plants and Other Organisms. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22071148. [PMID: 28703755 PMCID: PMC6152128 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Ocimene is a very common plant volatile released in important amounts from the leaves and flowers of many plant species. This acyclic monoterpene can play several biological functions in plants, by potentially affecting floral visitors and also by mediating defensive responses to herbivory. The ubiquity and high relative abundance of β-ocimene in the floral scents of species from most plant families and from different pollination syndromes (ranging from generalism to specialism) strongly suggest that this terpenoid may play an important role in the attraction of pollinators to flowers. We compiled abundant evidence from published studies that supports β-ocimene as a generalist attractant of a wide spectrum of pollinators. We found no studies testing behavioural responses of pollinators to β-ocimene, that could directly demonstrate or deny the function of β-ocimene in pollinator attraction; but several case studies support that the emissions of β-ocimene in flowers of different species follow marked temporal and spatial patterns of emission, which are typical from floral volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions that are involved in pollinator attraction. Furthermore, important β-ocimene emissions are induced from vegetative plant tissues after herbivory in many species, which have relevant functions in the establishment of tritrophic interactions. We thus conclude that β-ocimene is a key plant volatile with multiple relevant functions in plants, depending on the organ and the time of emission. Experimental behavioural studies on pure β-ocimene conducted with pollinating insects will be necessary to prove the assumptions made here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Farré-Armengol
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstraße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Iolanda Filella
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Joan Llusià
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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