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Lu W, Gong D, Xue X, Gao L. Improved multi-layer wavelet transform and blind source separation based ECG artifacts removal algorithm from the sEMG signal: in the case of upper limbs. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1367929. [PMID: 38832128 PMCID: PMC11145508 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1367929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Surface electromyogram (sEMG) signals have been widely used in human upper limb force estimation and motion intention recognition. However, the electrocardiogram(ECG) artifact generated by the beating of the heart is a major factor that reduces the quality of the EMG signal when recording the sEMG signal from the muscle close to the heart. sEMG signals contaminated by ECG artifacts are difficult to be understood correctly. The objective of this paper is to effectively remove ECG artifacts from sEMG signals by a novel method. Methods: In this paper, sEMG and ECG signals of the biceps brachii, brachialis, and triceps muscle of the human upper limb will be collected respectively. Firstly, an improved multi-layer wavelet transform algorithm is used to preprocess the raw sEMG signal to remove the background noise and power frequency interference in the raw signal. Then, based on the theory of blind source separation analysis, an improved Fast-ICA algorithm was constructed to separate the denoising signals. Finally, an ECG discrimination algorithm was used to find and eliminate ECG signals in sEMG signals. This method consists of the following steps: 1) Acquisition of raw sEMG and ECG signals; 2) Decoupling the raw sEMG signal; 3) Fast-ICA-based signal component separation; 4) ECG artifact recognition and elimination. Results and discussion: The experimental results show that our method has a good effect on removing ECG artifacts from contaminated EMG signals. It can further improve the quality of EMG signals, which is of great significance for improving the accuracy of force estimation and motion intention recognition tasks. Compared with other state-of-the-art methods, our method can also provide the guiding significance for other biological signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lu
- School of Management, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dongliang Gong
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xue Xue
- School of Electronic, Electrical Engineering and Physics, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lifu Gao
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
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Guo L, Li ZW, Zhang H, Li SM, Zhang JH. Morphological ECG subtraction method for removing ECG artifacts from diaphragm EMG. Technol Health Care 2023; 31:333-345. [PMID: 37066934 DOI: 10.3233/thc-236029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diaphragmatic electromyographic (EMGdi) is a helpful method to reflect the respiratory center's activity visually. However, the electrocardiogram (ECG) severely affected its weakness, limiting its use. OBJECTIVE To remove the ECG artifact from the EMGdi, we designed a Morphological ECG subtraction method (MES) based on three steps: 1) ECG localization, 2) morphological tracking, and 3) ECG subtractor. METHODS We evaluated the MES method against the wavelet-based dual-threshold and stationary wavelet filters using visual and frequency-domain characteristics (median frequency and power ratio). RESULTS The results show that the MES method can preserve the features of the original diaphragm signal for both surface diaphragm signal (SEMGdi) and clinical collection of diaphragm signal (EMGdi_clinic), and it is more effective than the wavelet-based dual-threshold and stationary wavelet filtering methods. CONCLUSION The MES method is more effective than other methods. This technique may improve respiratory monitoring and assisted ventilation in patients with respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Guo
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, South China Normal University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
- School of Physics and Telecommunications Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Li
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, South China Normal University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
- School of Physics and Telecommunications Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Han Zhang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, South China Normal University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
- School of Physics and Telecommunications Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuang-Miao Li
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, South China Normal University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
- School of Physics and Telecommunications Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian-Heng Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Boyer M, Bouyer L, Roy JS, Campeau-Lecours A. Reducing Noise, Artifacts and Interference in Single-Channel EMG Signals: A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:2927. [PMID: 36991639 PMCID: PMC10059683 DOI: 10.3390/s23062927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Electromyography (EMG) is gaining importance in many research and clinical applications, including muscle fatigue detection, control of robotic mechanisms and prostheses, clinical diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases and quantification of force. However, EMG signals can be contaminated by various types of noise, interference and artifacts, leading to potential data misinterpretation. Even assuming best practices, the acquired signal may still contain contaminants. The aim of this paper is to review methods employed to reduce the contamination of single channel EMG signals. Specifically, we focus on methods which enable a full reconstruction of the EMG signal without loss of information. This includes subtraction methods used in the time domain, denoising methods performed after the signal decomposition and hybrid approaches that combine multiple methods. Finally, this paper provides a discussion on the suitability of the individual methods based on the type of contaminant(s) present in the signal and the specific requirements of the application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Boyer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration, CIUSSS de la Capitale-Nationale, Québec, QC G1M 2S8, Canada
| | - Laurent Bouyer
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration, CIUSSS de la Capitale-Nationale, Québec, QC G1M 2S8, Canada
- Department of Rehabilitation, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1 V0A, Canada
| | - Jean-Sébastien Roy
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration, CIUSSS de la Capitale-Nationale, Québec, QC G1M 2S8, Canada
- Department of Rehabilitation, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1 V0A, Canada
| | - Alexandre Campeau-Lecours
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration, CIUSSS de la Capitale-Nationale, Québec, QC G1M 2S8, Canada
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Chang KM, Liu PT, Wei TS. Electromyography Parameter Variations with Electrocardiography Noise. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:5948. [PMID: 36015715 PMCID: PMC9416316 DOI: 10.3390/s22165948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electromyograms (EMG signals) may be contaminated by electrocardiographic (ECG) signals that cannot be easily separated with traditional filters, because both signals have some overlapping spectral components. Therefore, the first challenge encountered in signal processing is to extract the ECG noise from the EMG signal. In this study, the EMG, mixed with different degrees of noise (ECG), is simulated to investigate the variations of the EMG features. Simulated data were derived from the MIT-BIH Noise Stress Test (NSTD) Database. Two EMG and four ECG data were composed with four EMG/ECG SNR to 32 simulated signals. Following Pan-Tompkins R-peak detection, four ECG removal methods were used to remove ECG with different compensation algorithms to obtain the denoised EMG signal. A total of 13 time-domain and four frequency-domain EMG features were calculated from the denoised EMG. In addition, the similarity of denoised EMG features compared to clean EMG was also evaluated. Our results showed that with the ratio EMG/ECG SNR = 10 and 20, the ECG can be almost ignored, and the similarity of EMG features is close to 1. When EMG/ECG SNR = 1 and 2, there is a large variation of EMG features. The results of our simulation study would be beneficial for understanding the variations of EMG features upon the different EMG/ECG SNR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Ming Chang
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Department of Digital Media Design, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Ta Liu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Fall Prevention Center and Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500209, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Sen Wei
- Fall Prevention Center and Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500209, Taiwan
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Nagahawatte ND, Cheng LK, Avci R, Bear LR, Paskaranandavadivel N. A generalized framework for pacing artifact removal using a Hampel filter. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2022; 2022:2009-2012. [PMID: 36086179 DOI: 10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac pacing is a clinical therapy widely used for treating irregular heart rhythms. Equivalent techniques for the treatment of gastric functional motility disorders hold great potential. Accurate analysis of pacing studies is often hindered by the stimulus artifacts which are superimposed on the recorded signals. This paper presents a semi-automated artifact detection method using a Hampel filter accompanied by 2 separate artifact reconstruction methods: (i) an auto-regressive model, and (ii) weighted mean to estimate the underlying signal. The developed framework was validated on synthetic and experimental signals containing large periodic pacing artifacts alongside evoked bioelectrical events. The performance of the proposed algorithms was quantified for gastric and cardiac pacing data collected in vivo. A lower mean RMS difference was achieved by the artifact segment reconstructed using the auto-regression ([Formula: see text]), method compared to the weighted mean ([Formula: see text]) method. Therefore, a more accurate artifact reconstruction was provided by the auto-regression approach. Clinical Relevance- The ability to efficiently and accurately isolate evoked bioelectrical events by eliminating large artifacts is a critical advancement for the analysis of paced recordings. The developed framework allows more efficient analysis of preclinical pacing data and thereby contributes to the advancement of pacing as a clinical therapy.
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Thalamic local field potentials recorded using the deep brain stimulation pulse generator. Clin Neurophysiol Pract 2022; 7:103-106. [PMID: 35345863 PMCID: PMC8956842 DOI: 10.1016/j.cnp.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel DBS pulse generators can longitudinally record local field potentials. We report tremor-related thalamic activity recorded using an implanted DBS system. This opens up possibilities to implement adaptive DBS into clinical practice.
Background Essential tremor (ET) is one of the most common movement disorders, and continuous deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established treatment for medication-refractory cases. However, the need for increasing stimulation intensities, with unpleasant side effects, and DBS tolerance over time can be problematic. The advent of novel DBS devices now provides the opportunity to longitudinally record LFPs using the implanted pulse generator, which opens up possibilities to implement adaptive DBS algorithms in a real-life setting. Methods Here we report a case of thalamic LFP activity recorded using a commercially available sensing-enabled DBS pulse generator (Medtronic Percept PC). Results In the OFF-stimulation condition, a peak tremor frequency of 3.8 Hz was identified during tremor evoking movements as assessed by video and accelerometers. Activity at the same and supraharmonic frequency was seen in the frequency spectrum of the LFP data from the left vim nucleus during motor tasks. Coherence analysis showed that peripherally recorded tremor was coherent with the LFP signal at the tremor frequency and supraharmonic frequency. Conclusion This is the first report of recorded tremor-related thalamic activity using the electrodes and pulse generator of an implanted DBS system. Larger studies are needed to evaluate the clinical potential of these fully implantable systems, and ultimately pulse generators with sensing-coupled algorithms driving stimulation, to really close the loop.
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Abbasi MU, Rashad A, Srivastava G, Tariq M. Multiple contaminant biosignal quality analysis for electrocardiography. Biomed Signal Process Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2021.103127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Estimated ECG Subtraction method for removing ECG artifacts in esophageal recordings of diaphragm EMG. Biomed Signal Process Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2021.102861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Machado J, Machado A, Balbinot A. Deep learning for surface electromyography artifact contamination type detection. Biomed Signal Process Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2021.102752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bengacemi H, Abed-Meraim K, Buttelli O, Ouldali A, Mesloub A. A new detection method for EMG activity monitoring. Med Biol Eng Comput 2019; 58:319-334. [PMID: 31848976 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-019-02048-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This paper introduces a new approach for electromyography (EMG) activity monitoring based on an improved version of the adaptive linear energy detector (ALED), a widely used technique in voice activity detection. More precisely, we propose a modified ALED technique (named M-ALED) to improve the method's robustness with respect to noise. To achieve this objective, M-ALED relies on the Teager-Kaiser operator for signal pre-conditioning to increase the SNR and uses the order statistics to gain robustness against the signal's impulsiveness. We propose again to exploit the order statistics for the initial signal baseline estimation to deal with the cases where such information is unavailable. Finally, since M-ALED detects the signal's activity at the frame level, we propose in a second stage to refine this detection (at the sample level) by using a constant false alarm rate (CFAR) approach leading to the fine M-ALED (FM-ALED) solution. The performance of FM-ALED is assessed via real and synthetic EMG signal recordings and the obtained results highlight its effectiveness as compared with the state-of-the-art methods (it reduces the mean error probability by a factor close to 2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hichem Bengacemi
- Laboratoire Traitement du Signal, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, Algiers, Algeria. .,PRISME Laboratory, University of Orléans, 12 Rue de Blois, 45067, Orléans, France.
| | - Karim Abed-Meraim
- PRISME Laboratory, University of Orléans, 12 Rue de Blois, 45067, Orléans, France
| | - Olivier Buttelli
- PRISME Laboratory, University of Orléans, 12 Rue de Blois, 45067, Orléans, France
| | - Abdelaziz Ouldali
- Laboratoire Signaux et Systemes, Université de Mostaganem, Mostaganem, Algeria
| | - Ammar Mesloub
- Laboratoire Traitement du Signal, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, Algiers, Algeria
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