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Rengasamy B, Manna M, Jonwal S, Sathiyabama M, Thajuddin NB, Sinha AK. A simplified and improved protocol of rice transformation to cater wide range of rice cultivars. PROTOPLASMA 2024:10.1007/s00709-023-01925-8. [PMID: 38217739 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-023-01925-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
The latest CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing technology is expected to bring about revolution in rice yield and quality improvement, and thus validation of rice transformation protocols using CRISPR-Cas9-gRNA constructs is the need of the hour. Moreover, regeneration of more number of transgenic rice plants is prerequisite for developing genome-edited rice lines, as recalcitrant rice varieties were shown to have lower editing efficiencies which necessities screening of large number of transgenic plants to find the suitable edits. In the present study, we have simplified the Agrobacterium-mediated rice transformation protocol for both Indica and Japonica rice cultivars using CRISPR/Cas9 empty vector construct, and the protocols have been suitably optimized for getting large numbers of the regenerated plantlets within the shortest possible time. The Japonica transgenic lines were obtained within 65 days and for the Indica cultivars, it took about 76-78 days. We also obtained about 90% regeneration efficiency for both Japonica and Indica cultivars. The transformation efficiency was about 97% in the case of Japonica and 69-83% in the case of Indica rice cultivars. Furthermore, we screened the OsWRKY24 gene editing efficiency by transforming rice cultivars with CRISPR/Cas9 construct harbouring sgRNA against OsWRKY24 gene and found about 90% editing efficiency in Japonica rice cultivars, while 30% of the transformed Indica cultivars were found to be edited. This implicated the presence of a robust repair mechanism in the Indica rice cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balakrishnan Rengasamy
- Department of Botany, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Mrinalini Manna
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sarvesh Jonwal
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | | | - Nargis Begum Thajuddin
- P. G. and Research Department of Biotechnology, Jamal Mohamed College, affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Alok Krishna Sinha
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Yigider E, Taspinar MS, Agar G. Advances in bread wheat production through CRISPR/Cas9 technology: a comprehensive review of quality and other aspects. PLANTA 2023; 258:55. [PMID: 37522927 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04199-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION This review provides a comprehensive overview of the CRISPR/Cas9 technique and the research areas of this gene editing tool in improving wheat quality. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), the basic nutrition for most of the human population, contributes 20% of the daily energy needed because of its, carbohydrate, essential amino acids, minerals, protein, and vitamin content. Wheat varieties that produce high yields and have enhanced nutritional quality will be required to fulfill future demands. Hexaploid wheat has A, B, and D genomes and includes three like but not identical copies of genes that influence important yield and quality. CRISPR/Cas9, which allows multiplex genome editing provides major opportunities in genome editing studies of plants, especially complicated genomes such as wheat. In this overview, we discuss the CRISPR/Cas9 technique, which is credited with bringing about a paradigm shift in genome editing studies. We also provide a summary of recent research utilizing CRISPR/Cas9 to investigate yield, quality, resistance to biotic/abiotic stress, and hybrid seed production. In addition, we provide a synopsis of the laboratory experience-based solution alternatives as well as the potential obstacles for wheat CRISPR studies. Although wheat's extensive genome and complicated polyploid structure previously slowed wheat genetic engineering and breeding progress, effective CRISPR/Cas9 systems are now successfully used to boost wheat development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esma Yigider
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Sinan Taspinar
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Guleray Agar
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
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Wang N, Ryan L, Sardesai N, Wu E, Lenderts B, Lowe K, Che P, Anand A, Worden A, van Dyk D, Barone P, Svitashev S, Jones T, Gordon-Kamm W. Leaf transformation for efficient random integration and targeted genome modification in maize and sorghum. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:255-270. [PMID: 36759580 PMCID: PMC9946824 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01338-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Transformation in grass species has traditionally relied on immature embryos and has therefore been limited to a few major Poaceae crops. Other transformation explants, including leaf tissue, have been explored but with low success rates, which is one of the major factors hindering the broad application of genome editing for crop improvement. Recently, leaf transformation using morphogenic genes Wuschel2 (Wus2) and Babyboom (Bbm) has been successfully used for Cas9-mediated mutagenesis, but complex genome editing applications, requiring large numbers of regenerated plants to be screened, remain elusive. Here we demonstrate that enhanced Wus2/Bbm expression substantially improves leaf transformation in maize and sorghum, allowing the recovery of plants with Cas9-mediated gene dropouts and targeted gene insertion. Moreover, using a maize-optimized Wus2/Bbm construct, embryogenic callus and regenerated plantlets were successfully produced in eight species spanning four grass subfamilies, suggesting that this may lead to a universal family-wide method for transformation and genome editing across the Poaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA, USA
| | | | | | - Emily Wu
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA, USA
| | | | | | - Ping Che
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA, USA
| | - Ajith Anand
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA, USA
- MyFloraDNA, Woodland, CA, USA
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Sharma A, Chouhan A, Bhatt T, Kaur A, Minhas AP. Selectable Markers to Marker-Free Selection in Rice. Mol Biotechnol 2022; 64:841-851. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00460-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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An Efficient Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation Method for Hybrid Poplar 84K (Populus alba × P. glandulosa) Using Calli as Explants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042216. [PMID: 35216331 PMCID: PMC8879841 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A highly efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method is needed for the molecular study of model tree species such as hybrid poplar 84K (Populus alba × P. glandulosa cv. ‘84K’). In this study, we report a callus-based transformation method that exhibits high efficiency and reproducibility. The optimized callus induction medium (CIM1) induced the development of calli from leaves with high efficiency, and multiple shoots were induced from calli growing on the optimized shoot induction medium (SIM1). Factors affecting the transformation frequency of calli were optimized as follows: Agrobacterium concentration sets at an OD600 of 0.6, Agrobacterium infective suspension with an acetosyringone (AS) concentration of 100 µM, infection time of 15 min, cocultivation duration of 2 days and precultivation duration of 6 days. Using this method, transgenic plants are obtained within approximately 2 months with a transformation frequency greater than 50%. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and β-galactosidase (GUS) histochemical staining analyses confirmed the successful generation of stable transformants. Additionally, the calli from leaves were subcultured and used to obtain new explants; the high transformation efficiency was still maintained in subcultured calli after 6 cycles. This method provides a reference for developing effective transformation protocols for other poplar species.
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Chen HC, Cheng WH, Hong CY, Chang YS, Chang MC. The transcription factor OsbHLH035 mediates seed germination and enables seedling recovery from salt stress through ABA-dependent and ABA-independent pathways, respectively. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 11:50. [PMID: 30203325 PMCID: PMC6134479 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-018-0244-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many transcription factors (TFs), such as those in the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family, are important for regulating plant growth and plant responses to abiotic stress. The expression of OsbHLH035 is induced by drought and salinity. However, its functional role in rice growth, development, and the salt response is still unknown. RESULTS The bHLH TF OsbHLH035 is a salt-induced gene that is primarily expressed in germinating seeds and seedlings. Stable expression of GFP-fused OsbHLH035 in rice transgenic plants revealed that this protein is predominantly localized to the nucleus. Osbhlh035 mutants show delayed seed germination, particularly under salt-stress conditions. In parallel, abscisic acid (ABA) contents are over-accumulated, and the expression of the ABA biosynthetic genes OsABA2 and OsAAO3 is upregulated; furthermore, compared with that in wild-type (WT) seedlings, the salt-induced expression of OsABA8ox1, an ABA catabolic gene, in germinating Osbhlh035 mutant seeds is downregulated. Moreover, Osbhlh035 mutant seedlings are unable to recover from salt-stress treatment. Consistently, sodium is over-accumulated in aerial tissues but slightly reduced in terrestrial tissues from Osbhlh035 seedlings after salt treatment. Additionally, the expression of the sodium transporters OsHKT1;3 and 1;5 is reduced in Osbhlh035 aerial and terrestrial tissues, respectively. Furthermore, genetic complementation can restore both the delayed seed germination and the impaired recovery of salt-treated Osbhlh035 seedlings to normal growth. CONCLUSION OsbHLH035 mediates seed germination and seedling recovery after salt stress relief through the ABA-dependent and ABA-independent activation of OsHKT pathways, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chi Chen
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wan-Hsing Cheng
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chwan-Yang Hong
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Sen Chang
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Men-Chi Chang
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Norzagaray-Valenzuela CD, Germán-Báez LJ, Valdez-Flores MA, Hernández-Verdugo S, Shelton LM, Valdez-Ortiz A. Establishment of an efficient genetic transformation method in Dunaliella tertiolecta mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. J Microbiol Methods 2018; 150:9-17. [PMID: 29777738 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms widely used for the production of highly valued compounds, and recently they have been shown to be promising as a system for the heterologous expression of proteins. Several transformation methods have been successfully developed, from which the Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated method remains the most promising. However, microalgae transformation efficiency by A. tumefaciens is shown to vary depending on several transformation conditions. The present study aimed to establish an efficient genetic transformation system in the green microalgae Dunaliella tertiolecta using the A. tumefaciens method. The parameters assessed were the infection medium, the concentration of the A. tumefaciens and co-culture time. As a preliminary screening, the expression of the gusA gene and the viability of transformed cells were evaluated and used to calculate a novel parameter called Transformation Efficiency Index (TEI). The statistical analysis of TEI values showed five treatments with the highest gusA gene expression. To ensure stable transformation, transformed colonies were cultured on selective medium using hygromycin B and the DNA of resistant colonies were extracted after five subcultures and molecularly analyzed by PCR. Results revealed that treatments which use solid infection medium, A. tumefaciens OD600 = 0.5 and co-culture times of 72 h exhibited the highest percentage of stable gusA expression. Overall, this study established an efficient, optimized A. tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation of D. tertiolecta, which represents a relatively easy procedure with no expensive equipment required. This simple and efficient protocol opens the possibility for further genetic manipulation of this commercially-important microalgae for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia D Norzagaray-Valenzuela
- Programa Regional de Posgrado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Av. de las Américas y Josefa Ortiz S/N, Culiacán, Sinaloa C.P. 80030, Mexico
| | - Lourdes J Germán-Báez
- Programa Regional de Posgrado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Av. de las Américas y Josefa Ortiz S/N, Culiacán, Sinaloa C.P. 80030, Mexico
| | - Marco A Valdez-Flores
- Centro de Investigación Asociado a la Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Campo 2. Av. Cedros y Calle Sauces, Culiacán, Sinaloa C.P. 80019, Mexico
| | | | - Luke M Shelton
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Angel Valdez-Ortiz
- Programa Regional de Posgrado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Av. de las Américas y Josefa Ortiz S/N, Culiacán, Sinaloa C.P. 80030, Mexico.
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Klimek-Chodacka M, Oleszkiewicz T, Lowder LG, Qi Y, Baranski R. Efficient CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing in carrot cells. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2018; 37:575-586. [PMID: 29332168 PMCID: PMC5852178 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-018-2252-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The first report presenting successful and efficient carrot genome editing using CRISPR/Cas9 system. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas9) is a powerful genome editing tool that has been widely adopted in model organisms recently, but has not been used in carrot-a model species for in vitro culture studies and an important health-promoting crop grown worldwide. In this study, for the first time, we report application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for efficient targeted mutagenesis of the carrot genome. Multiplexing CRISPR/Cas9 vectors expressing two single-guide RNA (gRNAs) targeting the carrot flavanone-3-hydroxylase (F3H) gene were tested for blockage of the anthocyanin biosynthesis in a model purple-colored callus using Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation. This approach allowed fast and visual comparison of three codon-optimized Cas9 genes and revealed that the most efficient one in generating F3H mutants was the Arabidopsis codon-optimized AteCas9 gene with up to 90% efficiency. Knockout of F3H gene resulted in the discoloration of calli, validating the functional role of this gene in the anthocyanin biosynthesis in carrot as well as providing a visual marker for screening successfully edited events. Most resulting mutations were small Indels, but long chromosome fragment deletions of 116-119 nt were also generated with simultaneous cleavage mediated by two gRNAs. The results demonstrate successful site-directed mutagenesis in carrot with CRISPR/Cas9 and the usefulness of a model callus culture to validate genome editing systems. Given that the carrot genome has been sequenced recently, our timely study sheds light on the promising application of genome editing tools for boosting basic and translational research in this important vegetable crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Klimek-Chodacka
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, AL. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Oleszkiewicz
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, AL. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425, Krakow, Poland
| | - Levi G Lowder
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, N108 Howell Science Complex, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Yiping Qi
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, N108 Howell Science Complex, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, 4291 Fieldhouse Dr, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Rafal Baranski
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, AL. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425, Krakow, Poland
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