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Liu W, Chang J, Zhang N, Lai W, Li W, Shi W, Wang J, Wei J, Cai J. Family cleaning behaviors and air treatment equipment significantly affect associations of indoor damp indicators with childhood pneumonia among preschoolers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024:1-15. [PMID: 39234625 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2024.2398092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
In this study, based on a cross-sectional study among 9597 preschoolers in Shandong of China, we quantitatively evaluated influences of lifestyle behaviors and air treatment equipment on indoor damp exposures and thus on risks of childhood pneumonia. In the two-level multivariate logistic regression analyses, childhood pneumonia was significantly associated with parent-reported damp clothing/bedding and visible mold spots or damp stains. These associations were weaker among preschoolers from families who frequently opened the child's bedroom windows, frequently cleaned the child's bedroom, and frequently exposed beddings to sunshine (references: not frequently), as well as among preschoolers without usage of air humidifier and air conditioner and with usage of air purifier. Our results indicate that frequently keeping household ventilation and cleanness, and exposing beddings to sunshine, as well using air purifier could decrease the effects of household damp-related exposures on childhood pneumonia, but using air humidifier and air conditioner could increase the effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Institute for Health and Environment, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Chang
- Department of Thermal Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wangjin Lai
- Institute for Health and Environment, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenming Shi
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine of Children's Hospital of Chongqing, Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianhua Wei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine of Children's Hospital of Chongqing, Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Children's Hospital of Chongqing, Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiao Cai
- Institute for Health and Environment, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
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Yang F, Sun Y, Wang P, Weschler LB, Sundell J. Spread of respiratory infections in student dormitories in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 777:145983. [PMID: 33677292 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Student dormitory rooms in China are characterized by small space and high occupancy. This study aims to investigate infection rates for common colds and influenza among college students in a Chinese university and their association with the dormitory environment. METHODS This study involved two phases. In Phase I, 2978 students living in 998 dorm rooms in 12 buildings responded to a questionnaire survey on infections in four seasons. In Phase II, based on the data obtained from the questionnaire survey, we selected 242 dorm rooms to measure air temperature, relative humidity and CO2 concentration in both summer and winter. Ventilation rates at night were calculated based on measured CO2 concentrations. RESULTS We found that students had infections more often in winter, and in rooms with higher occupancy and dampness problems. The median value of the ventilation rate in dorm rooms in summer was 10.7 L/s per person, while it was 4.10 L/s per person in winter. There were significant associations between ventilation rate per person at night and common cold and influenza both in summer and winter (p < 0.05). A combination of dampness and low ventilation rate significantly increased the risk of common colds (adjusted odds ratios, AOR: 1.26-1.91) and influenza (AOR: 1.49-2.20). CONCLUSION College students living in a crowded dormitory room with low ventilation and dampness problems had more common colds and influenza infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feihu Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Built Environment and Energy Application, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, China
| | - Yuexia Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Built Environment and Energy Application, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, China.
| | - Pan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Built Environment and Energy Application, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, China
| | | | - Jan Sundell
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Built Environment and Energy Application, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, China
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Huang C, Zhang J, Sun C, Liu W, Zhang Y, Li B, Zhao Z, Deng Q, Zhang X, Qian H, Zou Z, Yang X, Sun Y, Xia Z, Weschler LB, Sundell J. Associations between household renovation and rhinitis among preschool children in China: A cross-sectional study. INDOOR AIR 2020; 30:827-840. [PMID: 32297363 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
During 2010-2012, we surveyed 40,010 3- to 6-year-old children in seven Chinese cities (Beijing, Taiyuan, Urumqi, Shanghai, Nanjing, Changsha, and Chongqing). Their parents reported information on household renovation, including the timing of renovation and the choice of materials for walls and floors in the child's room, and the incidence of their child's rhinitis. Multivariate and two-level (city-child) logistic regression analyses yielding adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals were performed. Sensitivity analyses stratifying data for location and economic level were also performed. About 48.0% of the children had ever had allergic rhinitis, 41.2% had current allergic rhinitis, and 9.0% had had doctor-diagnosed rhinitis. Exposure to household renovation during early lifetime (birth to 1-year-old) had an AOR of 1.43 (1.04-1.9) for allergic rhinitis. The incidence of allergic rhinitis was significantly different in children exposed to different floor and wall covering materials. Floor or wall covering material composed of organic materials significantly increased the risk of childhood allergic rhinitis compared with tile flooring or lime wall covering. Oil paint had an AOR of 1.66 (1.28-2.14) for diagnosed rhinitis compared with lime wall covering. Adding new furniture the year before pregnancy was associated with an AOR of 1.18 (1.10-1.27) and 1.18 (1.11-1.25) for lifetime and current rhinitis. Solid wood or tiles/ceramic as floor materials, and using wallpaper, oil paint, or emulsion panels as wall materials were risk factors for doctor-diagnosed rhinitis. Sensitivity analyses showed that children living in southern or higher economic level China cities were more likely to have allergic rhinitis with household renovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Huang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialing Zhang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chanjuan Sun
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinping Zhang
- School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Baizhan Li
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhuohui Zhao
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qihong Deng
- School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Research Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hua Qian
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhijun Zou
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuexia Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xia
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Jan Sundell
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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Cai J, Li B, Yu W, Yao Y, Wang L, Li B, Wang Y, Du C, Xiong J. Associations of household dampness with asthma, allergies, and airway diseases among preschoolers in two cross-sectional studies in Chongqing, China: Repeated surveys in 2010 and 2019. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 140:105752. [PMID: 32371306 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have investigated the associations between household damp indicators, and allergies and respiratory diseases in childhood. However, the findings are rather inconsistent. In 2010, we conducted a cross-sectional study of preschoolers aged three-six years in three urban districts of Chongqing, China. In 2019, we repeated this cross-sectional study with preschoolers of the same ages and districts. Here, we selected data for 2935 and 2717 preschoolers who did not change residences since birth in the 2010 and 2019 studies, respectively. We investigated associations of household damp indicators with asthma, allergic rhinitis, pneumonia, eczema, wheeze, and rhinitis in childhood in the two studies. The proportions of residences with household damp indicators and the prevalence of the studied diseases (except for allergic rhinitis) were significantly lower in 2019 than in 2010. In the two-level (district-child) logistic regression analyses, household damp exposures that showed by different indicators were significantly associated with the increased odds of lifetime-ever asthma (range of adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.69-3.50 in 2019; 1.13-1.90 in 2010), allergic rhinitis (1.14-2.39; 0.67-1.61), pneumonia (1.09-1.64; 1.21-1.59), eczema (0.96-1.83; 0.99-1.56), wheeze (1.64-2.79; 1.18-1.91), rhinitis (1.43-2.71; 1.08-1.58), and current (in the past 12 months before the survey) eczema (0.46-2.08; 0.99-1.48), wheeze (0.97-2.86; 1.26-2.07) and rhinitis (1.34-2.25; 1.09-1.56) in most cases. The increased odds ratios (ORs) of most diseases had exposure-response relationships with the cumulative number (n) of household damp indicators in the current and early residences. Our results indicated household damp exposure could be a risk factor for childhood allergic and respiratory diseases, although the magnitudes of these effects could be different in different studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Cai
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing, China; National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings (Ministry of Science and Technology), Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Baizhan Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing, China; National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings (Ministry of Science and Technology), Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Wei Yu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing, China; National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings (Ministry of Science and Technology), Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yinghui Yao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing, China; National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings (Ministry of Science and Technology), Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lexiang Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing, China; National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings (Ministry of Science and Technology), Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bicheng Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing, China; National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings (Ministry of Science and Technology), Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yujue Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing, China; National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings (Ministry of Science and Technology), Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chenqiu Du
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing, China; National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings (Ministry of Science and Technology), Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Xiong
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing, China; National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings (Ministry of Science and Technology), Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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Sun C, Zhang J, Huang C, Liu W, Zhang Y, Li B, Zhao Z, Deng Q, Zhang X, Qian H, Zou Z, Yang X, Sun Y, Sundell J. High prevalence of eczema among preschool children related to home renovation in China: A multi-city-based cross-sectional study. INDOOR AIR 2019; 29:748-760. [PMID: 31295372 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We surveyed 40 010 three- to six-year-old children in seven Chinese cities (Beijing, Taiyuan, Urumqi, Shanghai, Nanjing, Changsha, and Chongqing) during 2010-2012 so as to investigate possible links between home renovation and childhood eczema. Their parents responded to questions on home renovation and childhood eczema. Multivariate and two-level (city-child) logistic regression analyses yielding odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were performed. Sensitivity analyses stratifying data for region, climate, and income level were also performed. The prevalences of childhood eczema in children with different floor and wall covering materials were significantly different and were significantly higher with home renovation during early lifetime. Exposure to synthetic materials significantly increased the risk of childhood eczema by 20%-25%. The risks (AOR, 95% CI) of current eczema among children in families with solid wood flooring and oil paint wall covering were 1.25 (1.04-1.49) and 1.35 (1.14-1.60), respectively. Home renovation during pregnancy was related to children's lifetime and current eczema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanjuan Sun
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialing Zhang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Huang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinping Zhang
- School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Baizhan Li
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhuohui Zhao
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qihong Deng
- School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Research Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hua Qian
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhijun Zou
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuexia Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jan Sundell
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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