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van Zoonen EE, van Eck IC, van Baar ME, Meij-de Vries A, van Schie CHM, van der Vlies CH. Aetiology of bioethanol related burn accidents: A qualitative study. Burns 2024; 50:733-741. [PMID: 38242767 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since insight into the motivation of behaviour in bioethanol related burn accidents is lacking, this study aimed to qualitatively examine influencing factors in bioethanol related burn accidents. In order to identify target points for effective burn prevention. METHODS Patients previously admitted with bioethanol related acute non-intentional burn injury to the three Dutch burn centres were eligible. One interviewer conducted fourteen semi-structured interviews. Interviews were transcribed and coded by two independent researchers. Conclusions were drawn based on generalised statements on the concerned topics. RESULTS Four overall themes in influencing factors were found, namely 1) motivation; including non-designated use and impaired judgement, 2) knowledge and education; including unknown product and properties and information overload, 3) risk perception; including poor recognisability of risks and preferred trial and error and 4) thresholds; including easy availability and unclear liability. CONCLUSION Trust in consumers may be over-estimated, as proper use cannot be expected. To prevent future bioethanol related burn incidents, thresholds for obtaining and using bioethanol should be increased, safe alternatives to ignite open fires and wood stoves should be provided and knowledge and warnings should be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Margriet E van Baar
- Association of Dutch Burn Centres (ADBC), Burn Centre, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annebeth Meij-de Vries
- Burn Centre, Red Cross Hospital, Beverwijk, the Netherlands; Association of Dutch Burn Centres (ADBC), Beverwijk, the Netherlands; Pediatric Surgical Center, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Cornelis H van der Vlies
- Burn Centre, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Erasmus MC, Trauma Research Unit, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Yu K, Gao Q, Xu J, Liu L, Qi L, Guan Y, Yao Y, Chen F, Zhang P, Liu Y, Lu L. Computational investigation of a 3D-printed skin substitute with orthotropy in mechanical property. Comput Biol Med 2023; 166:107536. [PMID: 37801921 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
As a promising treatment for third-degree burns, grafting with bioengineering skin substitutes shows a capability to overcome the deficiency of donor skin. Similar mechanical properties with human skin are required for employed skin substitutes to avoid secondary damage to patients. Given the representativeness of orthotropy in mechanical properties, there is a need for developing orthotropic skin substitutes. This paper presents computational investigation as well as structural design for the fabrication of orthotropic skin substitutes. A finite element method (FEM) based mechanics simulation model for analyzing the stress field in the skin substitute was developed, by which the stress distribution in mimetic structures of the epidermis and dermis can be acquired. Moreover, the equation of Young's modulus was deduced based on the simulation result, which expressed the mechanical property of designed skin substitutes. Furthermore, several structures of skin substitutes were proposed and their calculated Young's modulus ranged from 21.87 kPa to 213.32 kPa, which was similar to the human skin. Ultimately, uniaxial tensile tests were performed for three types of 3D-printed orthotropic skin substitutes, which validates the feasibility to regulate Young's modulus by regulating the structure of fabricated skin substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaicheng Yu
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; Chongqing Research Institute of HIT, Chongqing 400000, China.
| | - Qiang Gao
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; Chongqing Research Institute of HIT, Chongqing 400000, China.
| | - Jingfeng Xu
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; Chongqing Research Institute of HIT, Chongqing 400000, China.
| | - Liang Liu
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; Chongqing Research Institute of HIT, Chongqing 400000, China.
| | - Lizi Qi
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; Chongqing Research Institute of HIT, Chongqing 400000, China.
| | - Yuheng Guan
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; Chongqing Research Institute of HIT, Chongqing 400000, China.
| | - Yifeng Yao
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; Chongqing Research Institute of HIT, Chongqing 400000, China.
| | - Fangzheng Chen
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; Chongqing Research Institute of HIT, Chongqing 400000, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; Chongqing Research Institute of HIT, Chongqing 400000, China.
| | - YongDan Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150036, China.
| | - Lihua Lu
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; Chongqing Research Institute of HIT, Chongqing 400000, China.
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Savage N, Doherty Z, Singer Y, Menezes H, Cleland H, Goldie SJ. A Review of Petrol Burns in Australia and New Zealand. J Burn Care Res 2023; 44:1162-1168. [PMID: 36715313 PMCID: PMC10483450 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irad008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Petrol-related thermal burns cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide and it has been established that they affect young males disproportionately. Beyond this, we sought to identify the difference in the characteristics and outcomes of burns between males and females in an international population. Such differences may highlight areas for future preventative strategies. The Burns Registry of Australia and New Zealand was used. Petrol burns that resulted in a hospital admission in those 16 years or older between January 2010 and December 2019 were included. A total of 2833 patients were included. The median age was 35 years with most patients being male (88%). Burns from a campfire or burnoffs were most common. Females were more likely to suffer burns due to assault or from deliberate self-harm. The total body surface area affected by burns was higher for females than males (10% vs 8%). Furthermore, females more frequently required ICU admission, escharotomies, and had a longer hospital length of stay. The unadjusted mortality rate for females was more than double the rate for males (5.8% vs 2.3%). This international study demonstrates that whilst men more frequently suffer petrol burns, women suffer more severe burns, require more intensive and longer hospitalizations and have a higher mortality rate. These findings may inform changes in preventative health policies globally to mitigate against these concerning findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Savage
- Victorian Adult Burns Service, Alfred Hospital, 55 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zakary Doherty
- Victorian Adult Burns Service, Alfred Hospital, 55 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yvonne Singer
- Victorian Adult Burns Service, Alfred Hospital, 55 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hana Menezes
- Victorian Adult Burns Service, Alfred Hospital, 55 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Heather Cleland
- Victorian Adult Burns Service, Alfred Hospital, 55 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen J Goldie
- Victorian Adult Burns Service, Alfred Hospital, 55 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Drago DA. Gasoline-related injuries and fatalities in the United States, 1995-2014. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2018; 25:393-400. [PMID: 29431008 DOI: 10.1080/17457300.2018.1431947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This descriptive study examines twenty years of gasoline-related fatalities and emergency department treated injuries in the United States, based on data from the US Consumer Product Safety Commission. Thermal burns consistently accounted for the majority (56%) of gasoline-related injuries and for most (82%) gasoline-related deaths, and were commonly (57-71%) associated with the use of gasoline as an accelerant. Poisoning accounted for 13% of injuries and 17% of deaths. The primary poisoning injury pattern was ingestion; the primary fatality pattern was inhalation, with about half of those associated with deliberate abuse. The estimated number of ingestions decreased from 60 to 23% of poisoning-related injuries, while injuries associated with inhalation abuse increased from 6 to 23%. Chemical burns and dermatitis were less represented in the injury data and were primarily associated with gasoline spills or splashes. Gasoline cans reportedly ignited or exploded in about 5% of thermal burn injuries and fatalities. While mandatory requirements for child resistant closures on gasoline cans (a primary intervention) have potentially impacted poisonings, the use of flame mitigation devices to address thermal injuries, if successful, would be a secondary intervention, and could address only a small percentage (about 5%) of injuries and deaths.
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Murphy SM, Davidson C, Kennedy AM, Eadie PA, Lawlor C. Backyard burning. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2007; 61:180-2. [PMID: 17502168 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2006.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2006] [Revised: 10/27/2006] [Accepted: 11/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to determine whether changes had occurred in the numbers of burns that could be related to backyard burning subsequent to the introduction of the council tax throughout Eire for the collection of household refuse. Numbers of patients admitted to our unit who had sustained burns by burning rubbish were recorded prospectively over a period of 12 months. A random control group was taken as three years prior to this and results found by retrospective chart review. Between January and November 2005, 168 patients were admitted to the National Burns Unit, St James's Hospital Dublin, Ireland. Nineteen of these patients sustained flame burns from backyard burning. One hundred and seventy patients were admitted in the comparative period of 2002; Seven of these from backyard burning. The total number of inpatient days for these patients in 2005 (255) was significantly more than in 2002 (68) (p=0.024). The numbers in our study show a marked increase in the number of patients sustaining burns in this manner, and appear to correlate with the introduction of bin charges by a number of county councils around the country last year. This study demonstrates that the introduction of legislation can have an unforeseen adverse affect on the population if not introduced in correlation with appropriate public education. While the introduction of waste charges represents a very necessary move forward in waste disposal in Ireland, public awareness campaigns should be implemented to prevent further such injuries from occurring.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Murphy
- National Burns Unit, St James's Hospital, James's Street, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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