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Hwang B, Jeong T, Jo J. Relationships between trauma death, disability, and geographic factors: a systematic review. Clin Exp Emerg Med 2023; 10:426-437. [PMID: 37525580 PMCID: PMC10790073 DOI: 10.15441/ceem.23.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Trauma is a global health problem. The causes of trauma-related deaths are diverse and may depend in part on socioeconomic and geographical factors; however, there have been few studies addressing such relationships. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between trauma and geographical factors in order to support policy recommendations to reduce trauma-related deaths and disability. METHODS In accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, we searched international and Korean databases to retrieve relevant literature published between 2000 and 2020. RESULTS Thirty-two studies showed a positive relationship between the outcomes of major trauma and geographical factors. The study investigated regional factors including economic factors such as size of urban areas, gross domestic product, and poverty rate, as well as hospital parameters, such as presence of trauma centers and number of hospital beds. There was a tendency toward higher mortality rates in rural and low-income areas, and most of the studies reported that the presence of trauma centers reduced trauma-related mortality rates. CONCLUSION Our study showed that geographic factors influence trauma outcomes. The findings suggest geographical considerations be included in care plans to reduce death and disability caused by trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bona Hwang
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Taewook Jeong
- Department of Emergency Medical Technology, Seojeong University, Yanju, Korea
| | - Jiyeon Jo
- Chungcheongbukdo Public Health Policy Institute, Cheongju, Korea
- Korea Paramedic Education Research Society, Seoul, Korea
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Chang SSM, Freemantle J, Drummer OH. Fire/flames mortality in Australian children 1968-2016, trends and prevention. Burns 2022; 48:1253-1260. [PMID: 34470718 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mortality attributed to fire and flame for children (0-14 years) over a fifty-year period has not been previously analyzed in Australia. The literature has focused on these deaths over a shorter time period or disaggregated with other causes of burns or deaths in one burns center. However, mortality associated with fire/flames affects this age group the greatest. The aims of this study are to: (1) develop a trends analysis of fire and flames mortality between1968 to 2016, using the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) mortality database and, (2) determine the association of interventions with fire and flames mortality using the Haddon's categorical intervention framework. METHODS International Classification of Disease (ICD) codes were extracted and code equivalencies between ICD 8, 9, 10 and the Australian Bureau of Statistics for fire/flames data between 1968--2016 were assessed. To determine whether population changes affected the risks of mortality, the frequency and, rates per 100,000 were used. A literature review was conducted that summarized the current knowledge of interventions associated with the major decreases in the fire and flames mortality rate. RESULTS In Australia, we found was a downward trend for the period although with significant variation from year to year when compared to external cause mortality. Additionally, there were multiple successful interventions associated with a sustained decrease in mortality. After 2016, child fire-related mortality remains a problem particularly in low socioeconomic groups and indigenous peoples. A combination of research, public awareness, engineering, legal enforcement, advancements in burns care and, evidence-based policy development all have a role to play in future injury prevention initiatives. Although direct causation to an individual is not possible, associations can be drawn from interventions on a population level to decreases in mortality. CONCLUSION We found was a steady decline in both rates and frequency of childhood fire and flames mortality from 1968 to 2016 associated with multiple interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan S M Chang
- Monash University, Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Preventive Medicine & Public Health, Monash University, Australia.
| | - Jane Freemantle
- The Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Olaf H Drummer
- Monash University, Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Preventive Medicine & Public Health, Monash University, Australia; Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, 65 Kavanagh St., Southbank, Victoria, 3065, Australia
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Al-Sarayreh AZ, Khleifat KM, Al-Dalain SM, Al-Saraireh YM, Al-Qaisi YT, Al-Farrayeh II, Al-Qaraleh SY. Globularia arabica methanolic leaf extract has higher efficacy on burn wound healing in diabetic rats compared to Malva slyvestries methanolic leaf extract. J Burn Care Res 2022; 44:563-572. [PMID: 35751855 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irac089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to see how effective Globulari. arabica and Malva. slyvestries-based cream formulations were at healing scald burn wounds in rats. Depending on ointment preparations of 1%, 5%, and 10% w/w were created. For comparison, an ointment base and a regular burn cream composed soframycine were utilized. Rats introduced a burn by solidifying equipment at 100°C on a 14 mm 2 shaved dorsal region. A deep second-degree burn was created, and the percentage of wound contraction was measured over the next 15 days. The rats were euthanized on days 8 and 15, and histological slides were prepared using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Compared to the control group, a substantial increase in wound contraction and a significant decrease in the duration of epithelialization in the based ointment-treated groups. However, as paralleled to Globularia arabica, significant (P < 0.05) results were observed with 10% Globularia. arabica cream, whereas Malva. slyverstries indicate minimal healing. Soframycine causes a substantial increase in wound contraction (P <0.05). Soframycine cream with 10% Globularia arabica therapy resulted in practically complete re-epithelialization and re-structuring of wound tissue on histological examination, whereas Malva slyversries treatment resulted in low epithelization during treatment days. The findings suggest that Globularia arabica-based cream has the wound-healing capability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khaled M Khleifat
- Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sa'ed M Al-Dalain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mutah, Al-Karak, Jordan
| | - Yousef M Al-Saraireh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mutah, Al-Karak, Jordan
| | - Yaseen T Al-Qaisi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mutah University,Al- Karak, Jordan
| | | | - Samer Y Al-Qaraleh
- Department of Basic Science , Faculty of Medicine, University of Mutah, Al-Karak, Jordan
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Holm S, Tell K, Karlsson M, Huss F, Pompermaier L, Elmasry M, Löfgren J. Sociodemographic Patterns of Pediatric Patients in Specialized Burn Care in Sweden. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2022; 10:e4246. [PMID: 35506021 PMCID: PMC9049026 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000004246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Trauma is a leading cause of mortality in children. Burns affect children disproportionally. Although burn incidence and mortality are decreasing, differences in the risk depend on socioeconomic status. The present study aimed to investigate the sociodemographic patterns of pediatric patients (0-17 years) managed at the two burn centers in Sweden, Uppsala, and Linköping, between 2010 and 2020. METHOD This retrospective register-based study used hospital records from the two burn centers combined with information from Statistics Sweden plus data regarding number of asylum seekers from the Swedish Migrations Agency. Choropleth maps representing the patients' geographical distribution were created. Information about income levels per geographic area was added. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed to investigate differences in median income levels between the areas where the patients lived, related to Sweden's median income. RESULTS The study included 2455 patients. Most of the children aged below 5 years (76%) and were boys (60%). The mean percentage of total skin area was 4.2%. There was no significant increment or decrease in the incidence of pediatric burns during the study. Most patients with recorded zip codes lived in areas with an income level below the national median (n = 1974, 83%). Children with asylum status were over-represented compared with residents and/or Swedish citizens. CONCLUSIONS In Sweden, most pediatric burns occur in families that live in areas with low-income levels. Pediatric burns affect children with asylum status disproportionally compared with those who are residents in and/or citizens of Sweden. Prevention strategies should be designed and implemented to alleviate this health inequity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Holm
- From the Department of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katinka Tell
- Department of Emergency Care and Internal Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Matilda Karlsson
- Department of Hand Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Burns, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Huss
- From the Department of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Plastic Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Laura Pompermaier
- Department of Hand Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Burns, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Moustafa Elmasry
- Department of Hand Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Burns, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jenny Löfgren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Reconstructive Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden
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Determination of factors affecting prevention of burns among children under five years old using PRECEDE model: A cross-sectional study in urban and rural populations. Burns 2022; 48:328-336. [PMID: 34955293 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2021.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burns are one of the most important childhood injuries that can be controlled and prevented. Mothers play an important role in preventing child burns. Health education and promotional theories facilitate a precise recognition of the behavioral factors in mothers that help preventing burn injury in their children. Burns in children under five years old and the factors in prevention of burn by their mothers were examined using PRECEDE Model. The study environment was rural and urban areas of Kermanshah, Iran. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 330 mothers in urban and rural areas of Kermanshah County in the west of Iran. The participants were randomly selected among mothers who had at least one child younger than five years old. Data was collected through interviewing the mothers using a valid and reliable questionnaire. The questionnaire included questions on demographic characteristics, PRECEDE Model, and history of burn. The data were analyzed using SPSS-16. RESULTS The mean age of the mothers in urban areas (29.33 ± 5.987) was higher than that of those in rural areas (28.77 ± 6.236). More than 90% of the mothers were housewives, both in urban and rural areas. The rate of a history of burn in rural children under the age of five (8.3%) was greater than that in urban children (5.2%). Most of the burn cases in urban areas were mild whereas those in rural areas were moderate. The majority of burn cases had happened at home in children 1-3 years' age range; this rate was higher in boys. The majority of burns cases had happened when the child was playing (urban: 64.3%, rural: 100%). In addition, liquids and hot objects were the main causes of the burns (urban: 78.5%, rural: 100%). Among the constructs of PRECEDE models in the urban areas, knowledge (P < 0.001), attitudes (P = 0.027), and environmental factors (P = 0.03) had a significant relationship with burn-preventive behaviors in mothers. In addition, in the rural areas, attitudes (P = 0.038) had a significant relationship with burn-preventive behaviors in mothers. CONCLUSION Burn was an important injury in the study population, especially in the rural areas. The PRECEDE model can help us to identify the factors in burn injuries in children and the preventive behaviors in mothers. The findings can be used to develop preventive interventional programs to better protect this vulnerable group in society.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Burn-related injuries are a leading cause of morbidity across the globe. Accurate assessment and treatment have been demonstrated to reduce the morbidity and mortality. This essay explores the forms of artificial intelligence to be implemented the field of burns management to optimise the care we deliver in the National Health Service (NHS) in the UK. METHODS Machine Learning methods which predict or classify are explored. This includes linear and logistic regression, artificial neural networks, deep learning, and decision tree analysis. DISCUSSION Utilizing Machine Learning in burns care holds potential from prevention, burns assessment, predicting mortality and critical care monitoring to healing time. Establishing a regional or national Machine Learning group would be the first step towards the development of these essential technologies. CONCLUSION The implementation of machine learning technologies will require buy-in from the NHS health boards, with significant implications with cost of investment, implementation, employment of machine learning teams and provision of training to medical professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Robb
- Core Surgical Trainee, East of Scotland Deanery, Plastic Surgery Department, NHS Lothian, St John's Hospital at Howden, Livingston
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Aghaei A, Soori H, Ramezankhani A, Mehrabi Y. Factors Related to Pediatric Unintentional Burns: The Comparison of Logistic Regression and Data Mining Algorithms. J Burn Care Res 2020; 40:606-612. [PMID: 31116850 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irz066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Burn injuries are one of the traumas seen in all parts of the world and children are usually one of the vulnerable groups. The aim of this study was to determine the factors related to unintentional burns in children, using data mining algorithms. In this hospital-based case-control study conducted in Kermanshah province, Iran, data were collected over a period of 15 months. Children under the age of 15 years old who were referred to the burn ward of Imam Khomeini Hospital, the only burn referral in Kermanshah province, were included as cases. For the control group, children who were admitted to Dr. Mohammad Kermanshahi Hospital, the only specialist and subspecialist pediatric center in this province, were included. Frequency matching was performed for age and sex. Support vector machine, artificial neural network (ANN), random forest, and logistic regression were employed to determine the factors related to burns in children. The mean age of children with burn injuries was 4.29 ± 3.51 years and 58% of them were boys. The ANN algorithm had better performance than other algorithms. Body mass index (BMI), socioeconomic status, hours without a watchful, mother's age, mother's education, household size, father's job, father's age, having more than one watchful, and petroleum storage were the most important factors related to pediatric burns. The majority of the burn-related variables were related to individuals' social welfare status and their environments. Lessening the effects of these factors could reduce the incidence of pediatric burns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Aghaei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Hamid Soori
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azra Ramezankhani
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yadollah Mehrabi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Padalko A, Cristall N, Gawaziuk JP, Logsetty S. Social Complexity and Risk for Pediatric Burn Injury: A Systematic Review. J Burn Care Res 2020; 40:478-499. [PMID: 30918946 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irz059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Social complexity in health outcomes has been attributed to greater risk of injury, adverse health consequences, and early death in a variety of populations. To determine what social complexity factors associated with burn injury in children, a systematic review of the literature was performed. Two different databases (PubMed and SCOPUS) were searched for articles related to environmental and social determinants of burn injury. Selected literature examined social complexity factors to establish the strength of evidence in relation to incidence of burn injury in children. The extent of factors and the most common social complexities were reviewed. The 641 manuscripts found in PubMed and 327 from SCOPUS were initially reviewed for duplication and English language. Subsequently, manuscripts were selected for relevance based on titles followed by abstracts. Forty-seven manuscripts were reviewed in their entirety. The literature supports a relationship between an increased incidence of pediatric burns in lower income families, children with behavioral disorders, fewer years of parental education and children residing in a rural setting. The majority of reports came from Europe followed by Australia, and scattered information from other countries. Social complexity factors in the environment of the child are associated with an increased risk of burn injury in children. The literature supports the influence of lower income, lower parental education, behavioral disorders and living rurally with an increased incidence of injury. By identifying children at increased risk, it is possible to develop targeted burn prevention and education programs to mitigate burn injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Padalko
- BSc Med Research Program, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Nora Cristall
- Manitoba Firefighters' Burn Unit, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
| | | | - Sarvesh Logsetty
- Manitoba Firefighters' Burn Unit, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Alemayehu S, Afera B, Kidanu K, Belete T. Management Outcome of Burn Injury and Associated Factors among Hospitalized Children at Ayder Referral Hospital, Tigray, Ethiopia. Int J Pediatr 2020; 2020:9136256. [PMID: 32148527 PMCID: PMC7049818 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9136256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burn injuries are a global public health problem, accounting for an estimated 265,000 deaths. Globally, over half of the disability-adjusted life years lost from fire-related burns which occurred between the ages of 0 and 14 years. The rate of child deaths from burns is currently over 7 times higher in low- and middle-income countries than in high-income countries. In Ethiopia, burn was the second leading cause of death among children from the unintentional injuries. So far, no research had been conducted in terms of assessing the outcome of burn injury in children in Ethiopia and particularly in Tigray region. The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of burn injury and associated factors among hospitalized children of under 18 years at Ayder Referral Hospital in Mekelle, Ethiopia. METHOD A retrospective document review was used to assess the outcome of burn injury and associated factors in Ayder Referral Hospital. A total of 382 hospitalized children's chart from 2011 to 2015 were reviewed using a structured check list. To select the patients' chart, a simple random sampling technique was used and a sampling frame was prepared based on a registration book. Data was entered, cleaned, and analyzed using SPSS version 20. RESULT Almost 70% of the burns were caused by scald, and 45.3% of the burns were confined to the upper extremities. Eighty-two percent of the patients were discharged without complication. Lack of fluid resuscitation within 24 hours (AOR = 2.767; 95% CI (1.276-5.999)) and a burn patient with malnutrition (AOR = 0.252; 95% CI (0.069-0.923)) were statically significant with the outcome of burn injury. CONCLUSION Majority of the pediatric burn patients were discharged without complication. The most causative agent of these accidents was scald; upper extremities also were the most affected area. The factors associated with the outcome of burn injury according to this study were lack of fluid resuscitation and malnourishment of burn patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sielu Alemayehu
- Mekelle University, School of Nursing, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Bhafta Afera
- Mekelle University, School of Nursing, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Kalayou Kidanu
- Mekelle University, School of Nursing, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Tilahun Belete
- Mekelle University, School of Nursing, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
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Mahboob A, Richmond SA, Harkins JP, Macpherson AK. Childhood unintentional injury: The impact of family income, education level, occupation status, and other measures of socioeconomic status. A systematic review. Paediatr Child Health 2019; 26:e39-e45. [PMID: 33542777 DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxz145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Unintentional injuries represent a substantial public health burden among children and adolescents, and previous evidence suggests that there are disparities in injury by socioeconomic status (SES). This paper reports on a systematic review of literature on injury rates among children and adolescents by measures of SES. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted using six electronic databases: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, HealthSTAR, EMBASE, and SportsDiscus. This review considered children ages 19 years and under and publications between 1997 and 2017-representing an update since the last systematic review examined this specific question. Fifty-four articles were summarized based on study and participant descriptions, outcome and exposure, statistical tests used, effect estimates, and overall significance. Results Most articles addressed risk factors across all injury mechanisms; however, some focused particularly on burns/scalds, road traffic injuries, falls/drowning cases, and playground/sports injuries. Other studies reported on specific injury types including traumatic dental injuries, traumatic brain injuries, and fractures. The studies were of moderate quality, with a median of 15.5 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 15.34 to 15.66) out of 19. Thirty-two studies found an inverse association between SES and childhood unintentional injury, three found a positive association while twenty were not significant or failed to report effect measures. Conclusion Given the variability in definition of the exposure (SES) and outcome (injury), the results of this review were mixed; however, the majority of studies supported a relationship between low SES and increased injury risk. Public health practice must consider SES, and other measures of health equity, in childhood injury prevention programming, and policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afifa Mahboob
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Sarah A Richmond
- Health Promotion, Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario.,Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Joshua P Harkins
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Alison K Macpherson
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario
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Garland K, Nahiddi N, Trull B, Malic C. Epidemiological evaluation paediatric burn injuries via an outpatient database in Eastern Ontario. BURNS OPEN 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burnso.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Families with newborns: Using a cartographic model to identify those who are at risk for fires. Burns 2018; 44:1585-1590. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Lehna C, Furmanek S, Fahey E, Hanchette C. Geographic modeling for children at risk for home fires and burns. Burns 2018; 44:201-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Theory-Based Cartographic Risk Model Development and Application for Home Fire Safety. J Burn Care Res 2017; 38:e653-e662. [DOI: 10.1097/bcr.0000000000000440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Rural and Metropolitan Pediatric Burns in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory: Does Distance Make a Difference? J Burn Care Res 2016; 36:e231-7. [PMID: 26154516 DOI: 10.1097/bcr.0000000000000138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To determine if differences exist between children who sustain burns in rural areas and in metropolitan areas, an analysis of children presenting to the Burns Unit at The Children's Hospital at Westmead, from the January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2012 was performed. In all, 4326 children met the inclusion criteria, of which 21.2% came from rural regions. Just more than a quarter (26.0%) of rural children and 11.6% from metropolitan areas were Indigenous Australian (P < 0.0001). The average age of rural child was 4.5 years; metropolitan child was 3.9 years (P = 0.0001). Boys were more likely to sustain burns in both populations. Of the rural children, 40.8% sustained contact burns, 37.7% scald, and 12.5% flame. In contrast, 58.8% metropolitan children sustained scalds, 27.4% contact, and 4.5% flame. The home was the most common place for all burns to occur, but rural injuries commonly occurred outdoors. Burns were associated with risk-taking behavior in 15.3% rural and 8.7% metropolitan children (P < 0.0001). Nearly two thirds (65.9%) of children in both groups received adequate first aid (20 minutes of cool running water). Major burn injuries (≥10% Total BSA) occurred in 3.4% of rural and 2.1% metropolitan children (P = 0.02). Skin grafting was required in 28.3% rural and 16.3% metropolitan children (P = 0.0001). Nearly 32% of rural children required admission to the Burns Unit for >24 hours (15.9% metropolitan; P = 0.0001). Significant differences exist between burns sustained by rural and metropolitan children. This should be accounted for in burns prevention campaigns and the education of local health practitioners.
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Sadeghi-Bazargani H, Mohammadi R, Amiri S, Syedi N, Tabrizi A, Irandoost P, Safiri S. Individual-level predictors of inpatient childhood burn injuries: a case-control study. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:209. [PMID: 26931103 PMCID: PMC4774193 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-2799-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Burn injuries are considered one of the most preventable public health issue among children; however, are a cause of significant morbidity and mortality in Iran. The aim of this study was to assess individual-level predictors of severe burn injuries among children leading to hospitalization, in East Azerbaijan Province, in North-West of Iran. Methods The study was conducted through a hospital based case–control design involving 281 burn victims and 273 hospital-based controls who were frequency matched on age, gender and urbanity. Both bivariate and multivariate methods were used to analyze the data. Results Mean age of the participants was 40.5 months (95 % CI: 37–44) with the majority of burns occurring at ages between 2 months-13.9 years. It was demonstrated that with increase in the caregiver’s age there was a decrease in the odds of burn injuries (OR = 0.94, 95 % CI: 0.92-0.97). According to the multivariate logistic regression there were independent factors associated with burn injuries including childhood ADHD (OR = 2.82, 95 % CI: 1.68 - 4.76), child’s age (OR = 0.73, 95%CI: 0.67 - 0.80), flammability of clothing (OR = 1.60, 95 % CI: 1.12 - 2.28), daily length of watching television (OR = 1.31, 95 % CI: 1.06 - 1.61), playing outdoors (OR = 1.32, 95 % CI: 1.16 - 1.50) and increment in the economic status (OR = 1.37, 95 % CI: 1.18 - 1.60). Conclusion Major risk predictors of burn injuries among the Iranian population included childhood ADHD, child’s age, watching television, playing outdoors, high economic status and flammable clothing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homayoun Sadeghi-Bazargani
- Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Department of Statistics & Epidemiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Mohammadi
- WHO Collaborating Center on Community Safety Promotion, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shahrokh Amiri
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Naeema Syedi
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia
| | - Aydin Tabrizi
- Child Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Poupak Irandoost
- Child Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeid Safiri
- Managerial Epidemiology Research Center, Department of Public Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran. .,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Liu HF, Lin FS, Chang CJ. The effectiveness of using pictures in teaching young children about burn injury accidents. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2015; 51:60-68. [PMID: 26154205 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2015.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study utilized the "story grammar" approach (Stein and Glenn, 1979) to analyze the within-corpus differences in recounting of sixty 6- and 7-year-old children, specifically whether illustrations (5-factor accident sequence) were or were not resorted to as a means to assist their narration of a home accident in which a child received a burn injury from hot soup. Our investigation revealed that the message presentation strategy "combining oral and pictures" better helped young children to memorize the story content (sequence of events leading to the burn injury) than "oral only." Specifically, the content of "the dangerous objects that caused the injury", "the unsafe actions that people involved took", and "how the people involved felt about the severity of the accident" differed significantly between the two groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Fen Liu
- Graduate School of Design, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Fang-Suey Lin
- Department of Visual Communication Design, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien-Ju Chang
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC
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Heng JS, Atkins J, Clancy O, Takata M, Dunn KW, Jones I, Vizcaychipi MP. Geographical analysis of socioeconomic factors in risk of domestic burn injury in London 2007–2013. Burns 2015; 41:437-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Pediatric burns in University Clinical Center of Kosovo from 2005–2010. Burns 2014; 40:1789-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Qi X, Hu W, Mengersen K, Tong S. Socio-environmental drivers and suicide in Australia: Bayesian spatial analysis. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:681. [PMID: 24993370 PMCID: PMC4226967 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of socio-environmental factors on suicide has been examined in many studies. Few of them, however, have explored these associations from a spatial perspective, especially in assessing the association between meteorological factors and suicide. This study examined the association of meteorological and socio-demographic factors with suicide across small areas over different time periods. METHODS Suicide, population and socio-demographic data (e.g., population of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders (ATSI), and unemployment rate (UNE) at the Local Government Area (LGA) level were obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics for the period of 1986 to 2005. Information on meteorological factors (rainfall, temperature and humidity) was supplied by Australian Bureau of Meteorology. A Bayesian Conditional Autoregressive (CAR) Model was applied to explore the association of socio-demographic and meteorological factors with suicide across LGAs. RESULTS In Model I (socio-demographic factors), proportion of ATSI and UNE were positively associated with suicide from 1996 to 2000 (Relative Risk (RR)ATSI = 1.0107, 95% Credible Interval (CI): 1.0062-1.0151; RRUNE = 1.0187, 95% CI: 1.0060-1.0315), and from 2001 to 2005 (RRATSI = 1.0126, 95% CI: 1.0076-1.0176; RRUNE = 1.0198, 95% CI: 1.0041-1.0354). Socio-Economic Index for Area (SEIFA) and IND, however, had negative associations with suicide between 1986 and 1990 (RRSEIFA = 0.9983, 95% CI: 0.9971-0.9995; RRATSI = 0.9914, 95% CI: 0.9848-0.9980). Model II (meteorological factors): a 1°C higher yearly mean temperature across LGAs increased the suicide rate by an average by 2.27% (95% CI: 0.73%, 3.82%) in 1996-2000, and 3.24% (95% CI: 1.26%, 5.21%) in 2001-2005. The associations between socio-demographic factors and suicide in Model III (socio-demographic and meteorological factors) were similar to those in Model I; but, there is no substantive association between climate and suicide in Model III. CONCLUSIONS Proportion of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders, unemployment and temperature appeared to be statistically associated with of suicide incidence across LGAs among all selected variables, especially in recent years. The results indicated that socio-demographic factors played more important roles than meteorological factors in the spatial pattern of suicide incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qi
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
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Rafii MH, Saberi HR, Hosseinpour M, Fakharian E, Mohammadzadeh M. Epidemiology of pediatric burn injuries in isfahan, iran. ARCHIVES OF TRAUMA RESEARCH 2012; 1:27-30. [PMID: 24719838 PMCID: PMC3955937 DOI: 10.5812/atr.5295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Burns are major cause of death and disability worldwide, particularly in the developing countries. Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and causes of burns in children under the age of 15 years in Isfahan province, Iran. Patients and Methods All children admitted to the burn center of Isfahan, the largest city in central Iran, between 2007 and 2009 were enrolled in this study. We analyzed the data on age, sex, location, cause and spread of the burn, duration of admission, and cause of mortality. Results Out of 2229 burn patients, 1014 (45.5%) were under the age of 15, indicating an annual incidence of 50 in 100,000 children. Of the 1014 patients, 610 (60%) were boys and 404 (40%) were girls; the male-to-female ratio was 1.5:1. Most of the patients were in the age range of 3 to 6 years. Scald was the most common type of burn injury (51.8%). Six-hundred and sixty-eight cases (65.7%) were from urban areas, while 346 (34.3%) were from rural areas. Fifty-six patients (5.5%) died. Conclusions Burn injury is a major health concern in the pediatric age group, and specific consideration and planning are required for its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hadi Rafii
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Saberi
- Trauma Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Hamid Reza Saberi, Trauma Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran. Tel: +98 -9133614699, Fax: +98-3615558900, E-mail:
| | - Mehrdad Hosseinpour
- Trauma Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
| | - Esmaeil Fakharian
- Trauma Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
| | - Mahdi Mohammadzadeh
- Trauma Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
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Urban compared with rural and remote burn hospitalisations in Western Australia. Burns 2012; 38:591-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2011.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Epidemiology of Pediatric Burn Injuries in Isfahan, Iran. ARCHIVES OF TRAUMA RESEARCH 2012. [DOI: 10.5812/atr.5383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Variations in U.S. pediatric burn injury hospitalizations using the national burn repository data. J Burn Care Res 2011; 31:734-9. [PMID: 20628307 DOI: 10.1097/bcr.0b013e3181eebe76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
An understanding of population-specific variation in pediatric burn injuries is essential to the development of effective prevention strategies. The purpose of this study was to examine the etiology of pediatric burn injury considering age and race categories using the National Burn Repository. The authors reviewed the records of all pediatric patients (age <18 years) in the American Burn Association's National Burn Registry injured between 1995 and 2007. The authors compared patient and injury characteristics across race, age, etiology, and payor status. A total of 46,582 patients were included in this study. The etiology of burn injury varied by both age and race. Populations of color were younger, constituting 53.8% of patients younger than 5 years, whereas 53.9% of the total study population identified as Caucasian. Scald etiology was disproportionately less common in patients identifying as Caucasian (39.9 vs 61.4%, P < .001), and scald was a common etiology in older children identifying as African American, Asian, and Hispanic. Inhalation injuries were also higher in patients identifying as Native American (5.4%), Hispanic (4.2%), and African American (3.7%). Pediatric burn injury etiology varies with age and race. These data should encourage careful consideration of race, age, and other differences in formulating the most effective, population-specific prevention and outreach strategies.
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Torabian S, Saba MS. Epidemiology of paediatric burn injuries in Hamadan, Iran. Burns 2009; 35:1147-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2009.06.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2009] [Revised: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 06/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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