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Karlsson M, Östholm Balkhed Å, Steinvall I, Elmasry M. Wound infection among children with moderate burns - An explorative review of the association between reported frequency and diagnosis. Burns 2024; 50:742-753. [PMID: 38245392 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Linkoping burn centre in Sweden has, even though being a high income country, reported high burn wound infections (BWI) frequencies in scalded children compared to similar populations in other parts of the world. AIM The aim was to investigate possible explanations for differences in frequency of BWI among children with partial thickness burns treated at the Linköping burn centre in Sweden, and that reported in other studies. METHOD In order to investigate what BWI criteria that were used in similar studies a literature search on PubMed Central was done along with a retrospective analysis of children previously diagnosed as infected to confirm or reject the high infection frequency reported earlier. RESULT Of the 34 selected publications reporting on BWI frequency 16 (47%) did not define a criteria for the BWI diagnosis and almost a third did not report on wound culturing. Of those who did report the use a third do not mention any bacterial growth found is these cultures. The retrospective analysis on children at the centre did not show any decrease in infection frequency even with some disagreement on onset for the BWI. CONCLUSION The reporting of criteria and diagnosis of burn wound infection is highly variable making it difficult to interpret results and come to conclusions. The high frequency of BWI at the centre might be a result of close monitoring due to study participation, use of clean instead of sterile routine at dressing changes or low thresholds for the diagnosis in respect to changes in infection markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilda Karlsson
- Department of Hand Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Burns, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Åse Östholm Balkhed
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Infectious Diseases, Östergötland, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Steinvall
- Department of Hand Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Burns, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Moustafa Elmasry
- Department of Hand Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Burns, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Infections, Animal Modeling, and Therapeutics. Cells 2023; 12:cells12010199. [PMID: 36611992 PMCID: PMC9818774 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen which causes many severe acute and chronic infections with high morbidity, and mortality rates as high as 40%. What makes P. aeruginosa a particularly challenging pathogen is its high intrinsic and acquired resistance to many of the available antibiotics. In this review, we review the important acute and chronic infections caused by this pathogen. We next discuss various animal models which have been developed to evaluate P. aeruginosa pathogenesis and assess therapeutics against this pathogen. Next, we review current treatments (antibiotics and vaccines) and provide an overview of their efficacies and their limitations. Finally, we highlight exciting literature on novel antibiotic-free strategies to control P. aeruginosa infections.
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Rezk N, Abdelsattar AS, Elzoghby D, Agwa MM, Abdelmoteleb M, Aly RG, Fayez MS, Essam K, Zaki BM, El-Shibiny A. Bacteriophage as a potential therapy to control antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection through topical application onto a full-thickness wound in a rat model. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2022; 20:133. [PMID: 36094767 PMCID: PMC9468208 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-022-00409-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is one of the most critical pathogens in wound infections, causing high mortality and morbidity in severe cases. However, bacteriophage therapy is a potential alternative to antibiotics against P. aeruginosa. Therefore, this study aimed to isolate a novel phage targeting P. aeruginosa and examine its efficacy in vitro and in vivo.
Results
The morphometric and genomic analyses revealed that ZCPA1 belongs to the Siphoviridae family and could infect 58% of the tested antibiotic-resistant P. aeruginosa clinical isolates. The phage ZCPA1 exhibited thermal stability at 37 °C, and then, it decreased gradually at 50 °C and 60 °C. At the same time, it dropped significantly at 70 °C, and the phage was undetectable at 80 °C. Moreover, the phage ZCPA1 exhibited no significant titer reduction at a wide range of pH values (4–10) with maximum activity at pH 7. In addition, it was stable for 45 min under UV light with one log reduction after 1 h. Also, it displayed significant lytic activity and biofilm elimination against P. aeruginosa by inhibiting bacterial growth in vitro in a dose-dependent pattern with a complete reduction of the bacterial growth at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 100. In addition, P. aeruginosa-infected wounds treated with phages displayed 100% wound closure with a high quality of regenerated skin compared to the untreated and gentamicin-treated groups due to the complete elimination of bacterial infection.
Conclusion
The phage ZCPA1 exhibited high lytic activity against MDR P. aeruginosa planktonic and biofilms. In addition, phage ZCPA1 showed complete wound healing in the rat model. Hence, this research demonstrates the potential of phage therapy as a promising alternative in treating MDR P. aeruginosa.
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Cristina ML, Sartini M, Schinca E, Ottria G, Casini B, Spagnolo AM. Evaluation of Multidrug-Resistant P. aeruginosa in Healthcare Facility Water Systems. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:1500. [PMID: 34943711 PMCID: PMC8698422 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the WHO, P. aeruginosa is one of the antibiotic-resistant bacteria that represent the biggest threat to public health. The aim of the study was to establish the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant P. aeruginosa in the water systems of various healthcare facilities over the course of nine years. A total of 4500 tap water system samples were taken from seventeen healthcare facilities. The culture method was used to detect P. aeruginosa, and the isolates were then tested for antibiotic resistance using the standardised disc diffusion method. Eleven antibiotics from five different classes were tested. P. aeruginosa was found to have contaminated 2.07% (no. 93) of the water samples. The majority of positive samples came from the dental units (30.11%) and the ward kitchens (23.66%). Considering the total isolates, 56.99% (no. 3) were resistant to at least one of the antibiotics tested. A total of 71.43% of P. aeruginosa isolated from water emerging from dental unit handpieces was antibiotic-resistant, with 45% of it resistant to ≥3 classes of antibiotics. Out of the total isolates, 19.35% showed resistance to carbapenems. It would be advisable to systematically screen tap water for opportunistic micro-organisms such as P. aeruginosa, as many countries already do, including this in the Water Safety Plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Cristina
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Via Pastore 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.L.C.); (E.S.); (G.O.); (A.M.S.)
- S.S.D. U.O. Hospital Hygiene, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, 16128 Genova, Italy
| | - Marina Sartini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Via Pastore 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.L.C.); (E.S.); (G.O.); (A.M.S.)
- S.S.D. U.O. Hospital Hygiene, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, 16128 Genova, Italy
| | - Elisa Schinca
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Via Pastore 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.L.C.); (E.S.); (G.O.); (A.M.S.)
- S.S.D. U.O. Hospital Hygiene, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, 16128 Genova, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ottria
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Via Pastore 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.L.C.); (E.S.); (G.O.); (A.M.S.)
- S.S.D. U.O. Hospital Hygiene, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, 16128 Genova, Italy
| | - Beatrice Casini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Anna Maria Spagnolo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Via Pastore 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.L.C.); (E.S.); (G.O.); (A.M.S.)
- S.S.D. U.O. Hospital Hygiene, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, 16128 Genova, Italy
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Leontyev АE, Pavlenko IV, Kovalishena ОV, Saperkin NV, Tulupov АА, Beschastnov VV. Application of Phagotherapy in the Treatment of Burn Patients (Review). Sovrem Tekhnologii Med 2021; 12:95-103. [PMID: 34795985 PMCID: PMC8596250 DOI: 10.17691/stm2020.12.3.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of patients with a burn injury is a complex process involving multicomponent multidirectional intensive therapy of the majority of organs and systems damaged by thermal effects on the skin, alternating with repeated surgical interventions aimed at removing nonviable tissues with subsequent plastic closure of wound defects. After the recovery from the burn shock, local infectious complications are considered to be the leading problem that decelerates the process of recovery and is the main cause of lethal outcomes. Since the skin integrity is broken, microorganisms penetrate readily into the internal environment of the human organism resulting in a septic state with multiple organ failure. A widespread and often uncontrollable use of antibacterial drugs in medical practice has led to the emergence of multiple drug resistance (MDR) in microorganisms. Introduction of drugs made on the basis of bacteriophages into practice is presently becoming increasingly important. This is confirmed by the growing interest in this field of pharmacology, the development of special programs aimed at studying the processes of phage and bacterial cell interaction. This review presents the main types of bacteria pertaining to MDR pathogens, principles of their classification, and the risk factors for infecting patients. The mechanisms of the selective action of phage particles on a bacterial cell and the possibility of using phage therapy in the treatment of burn injury (experimental and clinical data) based on the analysis of foreign literature are demonstrated as well as new positive properties of phages related to the changes in the macroorganism immune status caused by the interaction with bacteriophage particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- А E Leontyev
- Researcher, Group for Thermal Trauma Study, University Clinic; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - I V Pavlenko
- Junior Researcher, Group for Thermal Trauma Study, University Clinic; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - О V Kovalishena
- Professor, Head of the Department of Epidemiology, Microbiology, and Evidence-Based Medicine; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - N V Saperkin
- Associate Professor, Department of Epidemiology, Microbiology, and Evidence-Based Medicine
| | - А А Tulupov
- Junior Researcher, Group for Thermal Trauma Study, University Clinic; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - V V Beschastnov
- Researcher, Group for Thermal Trauma Study, University Clinic Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
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Khaledi M, Afkhami H, Matouri RN, Dezfuli AAZ, Bakhti S. Effective Strategies to Deal With Infection in Burn Patient. J Burn Care Res 2021; 43:931-935. [PMID: 34935044 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irab226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of bacterial infection is difficult. Treatment protocol of burned patient is hard. Furthermore, treatment in burned patients is accompanied with problems such as complexity in diagnosis of infection's agent, multiple infections, being painful, and involving with different organelles. There are different infections of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in burned patients. From important bacteria can be noted to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Staphylococcus aureus that have high range of morbidity and mortality. Treatment of those bacterial infections is extremely important. Hence, many studies about methods of treatment of bacterial infections have published. Herein, we have suggested practical methods for example ant virulence therapies, nanotechnology, vaccine, and photodynamic therapy in treatment of bacterial infections. Those methods have been done in many researches and had good effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoor Khaledi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Afkhami
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raed Nezhad Matouri
- Department of Medical Library and Information Sciences, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shahriar Bakhti
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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A Comprehensive Study of the Antibacterial Activity of Bioactive Juice and Extracts from Pomegranate ( Punica granatum L.) Peels and Seeds. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081554. [PMID: 34451599 PMCID: PMC8402121 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Due to the growing awareness of Punica granatum fruit’s health-promoting properties, the pomegranate is increasingly used for food purposes. This results in the formation of biological waste products such as peels. A biowaste circular bioeconomy strategy holds great prospective for a sustainable economy. Therefore, a sustainable and environmentally friendly way of disposing of waste (e.g., use of biowaste to obtain high-value components (e.g., punicalagins, enzymes)) is crucial for the protection of the environment and human health. In the presented study, the content of total phenols and proanthocyanidins in ten samples of Punica granatum fruit (juice, aqueous (H2O) and ethanolic (EtOH) extracts of peels and seeds) was determined. Peel extracts were found to be the richest in the content of secondary metabolites and showed extremely high antioxidant potential (approximately 90% inhibition: DPPH radical scavenging activity). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comparative study to determine the enzymatic activity of α-amylase, lipase, peroxidase, protease, and transglutaminase in different P. granatum samples. Furthermore, the antibacterial efficacy of all P. granatum samples was qualitatively determined against three strains of Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Pseudomonas fluorescens) and three strains of Gram-positive (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pyogenes) bacteria, susceptible to gaining antibiotic resistance. Moreover, the most promising peel extracts were quantified for antibacterial efficacy against tested bacteria at five different concentrations. All samples slowed down and inhibited the growth of all tested bacteria. MIC90 values (2.7 or 0.3 mg/mL) were determined in 18 out of 24 experiments (four samples, six bacteria tested). There is no research in the reviewed literature that is current with such detailed and comprehensive determination of P. granatum peel extracts antibacterial activity. The results of the research showed great potential for the use of P. granatum in the field of antibacterial activity in biomedicine applications and in the cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical industries.
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Viral Infections in Burn Patients: A State-Of-The-Art Review. Viruses 2020; 12:v12111315. [PMID: 33213058 PMCID: PMC7698518 DOI: 10.3390/v12111315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections that are triggered by the accompanying immunosuppression in patients with burn wounds are very common regardless of age. Among burn patients, the most frequently diagnosed infections include the bacterial ones primarily caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Klebsiella pneumonia, as well as fungal infections with the etiology of Candida spp. or Aspergillus spp. Besides, burn wounds are highly susceptible to viral infections mainly due to the impaired immune responses and defective functions of the immune cells within the wound microenvironment. The most prevalent viruses that invade burn wounds include herpes simplex virus (HSV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), human papilloma virus (HPV), and varicella zoster virus (VZV). Likewise, less prevalent infections such as those caused by the orf virus or Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) might also occur in immunosuppressed burn patients. Viral infections result in increased morbidity and mortality rates in severely burned patients. Additionally, a positive correlation between the hospitalization duration and the severity of the viral infection has been demonstrated. Viral infections trigger the occurrence of various complications, ranging from mild symptoms to even fatal incidents. Accurate detection of viral infection is of great clinical importance because of the possibility for a quicker introduction of proper treatment therapy and shortening of hospitalization time. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the literature and summarize the findings regarding the most common viral infections in immunosuppressed burn patients.
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Augustyniak A, Cendrowski K, Grygorcewicz B, Jabłońska J, Nawrotek P, Trukawka M, Mijowska E, Popowska M. The Response of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 to UV-activated Titanium Dioxide/Silica Nanotubes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7748. [PMID: 33092046 PMCID: PMC7590050 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a bacterium of high clinical and biotechnological importance thanks to its high adaptability to environmental conditions. The increasing incidence of antibiotic-resistant strains has created a need for alternative methods to increase the chance of recovery in infected patients. Various nanomaterials have the potential to be used for this purpose. Therefore, we aimed to study the physiological response of P. aeruginosa PAO1 to titanium dioxide/silica nanotubes. The results suggest that UV light-irradiated nanomaterial triggers strong agglomeration in the studied bacteria that was confirmed by microscopy, spectrophotometry, and flow cytometry. The effect was diminished when the nanomaterial was applied without initial irradiation, with UV light indicating that the creation of reactive oxygen species could play a role in this phenomenon. The nanocomposite also affected biofilm formation ability. Even though the biomass of biofilms was comparable, the viability of cells in biofilms was upregulated in 48-hour biofilms. Furthermore, from six selected genes, the mexA coding efflux pump was upregulated, which could be associated with an interaction with TiO2. The results show that titanium dioxide/silica nanotubes may alter the physiological and metabolic functions of P. aeruginosa PAO1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Augustyniak
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Piastów Avenue 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland;
- Chair of Building Materials and Construction Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Piastów Avenue 45, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Cendrowski
- Department of Nanomaterials Physicochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Piastów Avenue 45, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland; (K.C.); (M.T.); (E.M.)
| | - Bartłomiej Grygorcewicz
- Chair of Microbiology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich Avenue 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Joanna Jabłońska
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Piastów Avenue 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland;
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Piastów Avenue 45, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Paweł Nawrotek
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Piastów Avenue 45, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Martyna Trukawka
- Department of Nanomaterials Physicochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Piastów Avenue 45, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland; (K.C.); (M.T.); (E.M.)
| | - Ewa Mijowska
- Department of Nanomaterials Physicochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Piastów Avenue 45, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland; (K.C.); (M.T.); (E.M.)
| | - Magdalena Popowska
- Department of Bacterial Physiology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Miecznikowa Street 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland;
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Thierbach S, Sartor P, Yücel O, Fetzner S. Efficient modification of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa toxin 2-heptyl-1-hydroxyquinolin-4-one by three Bacillus glycosyltransferases with broad substrate ranges. J Biotechnol 2019; 308:74-81. [PMID: 31786106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation of natural and synthetic products can alter the physical, chemical and pharmacological properties of the aglycon. Conversion of 2-heptyl-1-hydroxyquinolin-4-one (HQNO), a potent respiratory inhibitor produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, to the less toxic 2-heptyl-1-(β-D-glucopyranosydyl)-quinolin-4-one, was recently demonstrated for Bacillus subtilis strain 168. In this study, we compared the genomes of several Bacillus spp. to identify candidate enzymes for HQNO glucosylation. All three (putative) UDP-glycosyltransferases (GT) of B. subtilis 168 tested, YjiC, YdhE and YojK, were capable of HQNO glucosylation, with YjiC showing the highest turnover rate (kcat) of 4.6 s-1, and YdhE exhibiting the lowest Km value for HQNO of 9.1 μM. All three GT predominantly utilized UDP-glucose, but YdhE was similarly active with TDP-glucose. Among the aglycons tested, HQNO was the preferred substrate of all three GT, but they also showed activities toward the P. aeruginosa exoproducts pyocyanin, 2-heptyl-3-hydroxyquinolin-4(1H)-one (the Pseudomonas quinolone signal) and 2,4-dihydroxyquinoline, the plant derived antimicrobials vanillin and quercetin, and the macrolide antibiotic tylosin A. Our results underline the promiscuity and substrate flexibility of YjiC, YdhE and YojK, and suggest a physiological role in natural toxin resistance of B. subtilis. Especially YdhE appears to be an attractive biocatalyst for the glycoengineering of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Thierbach
- Institute for Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 3, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Pascal Sartor
- Institute for Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 3, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Onur Yücel
- Institute for Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 3, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Susanne Fetzner
- Institute for Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 3, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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Kargozar S, Montazerian M, Hamzehlou S, Kim HW, Baino F. Mesoporous bioactive glasses: Promising platforms for antibacterial strategies. Acta Biomater 2018; 81:1-19. [PMID: 30273742 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The control of bacterial infections is of particular importance in the field of tissue engineering. Recently, much attention has been addressed toward the use of mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBGs) for antibacterial strategies, primarily because of their capability of acting as carriers for the local release of antimicrobial agents. The incorporation of antibacterial metallic ions including silver (Ag+), zinc (Zn2+), copper (Cu+ and Cu2+), cerium (Ce3+ and Ce4+), and gallium (Ga3+) cations into the MBG structure and their controlled release is proposed as one of the most attractive strategies for inhibiting bacterial growth and reproduction. Moreover, the possibility of loading and delivering various antibacterial biomolecules (e.g., antibiotics) through the porous structure of MBGs makes them as ideal candidates for antibacterial applications. In this review, we aim to present a comprehensive evaluation of MBG potential regarding antibacterial activities. For this purpose, different types of antibacterial ion-doped and drug-loaded MBGs are introduced and discussed in the light of existing knowledge, along with the significant challenges ahead. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Prevention and treatment of infections is one of the today's greatest challenges in medical sciences, also considering the well-known issues related to increased bacterial resistance to antibiotics. The advent of mesoporous glasses led to the birth of a new class of multifunctional biomaterials acting as bioactive platforms for the local release of organic or inorganic agents eliciting an antimicrobial effect. This reviews summarizes the state of the art of MBGs in this field, highlighting the latest evolutions and the specific role played by metallic antimicrobial ions that can be incorporated in the glass composition and then properly released. Perspective for tissue engineering applications are also discussed to provide an up-to-date contribution that is useful to both experienced scientists and early-stage researchers.
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12
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Vickers ML, Dulhunty JM, Ballard E, Chapman P, Muller M, Roberts JA, Cotta MO. Risk factors for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infection in burn patients. ANZ J Surg 2017; 88:480-485. [PMID: 28853230 DOI: 10.1111/ans.14144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection with multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative organisms leads to poorer outcomes in the critically ill burn patient. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for MDR Gram-negative pathogen infection in critically ill burn patients admitted to a major tertiary referral intensive care unit (ICU) in Australia. METHODS A retrospective case-control study of all adult burn patients admitted over a 7-year period was conducted. Twenty-one cases that cultured an MDR Gram-negative organism were matched with 21 controls of similar age, gender, burn size and ICU stay. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to individually assess risk factors after adjusting for Acute Burn Severity Index. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were reported. P-values < 0.25 were considered as potentially important risk factors. RESULTS Factors increasing the risk of MDR Gram-negative infection included superficial partial thickness burn size (OR: 1.08; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-1.16; P-value: 0.034), prior meropenem exposure (OR: 10.39; 95% CI: 0.96-112.00; P-value: 0.054), Gram-negative colonization on admission (OR: 9.23; 95% CI: 0.65-130.15; P-value: 0.10) and escharotomy (OR: 2.66; 95% CI: 0.52-13.65; P-value: 0.24). For cases, mean age was 41 (SD: 13) years, mean total body surface area burned was 47% (SD: 18) and mean days in ICU until MDR specimen collection was 17 (SD: 10) days. CONCLUSION Prior meropenem exposure, Gram-negative colonization on admission, escharotomy and superficial partial thickness burn size may be potentially important factors for increasing the risk of MDR Gram-negative infection in the critically ill burn patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Vickers
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joel M Dulhunty
- Burns Trauma and Critical Care Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Emma Ballard
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul Chapman
- Infectious Disease, Caboolture Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael Muller
- The Professor Stuart Peg Adult Burns Unit, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason A Roberts
- Burns Trauma and Critical Care Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Centre for Translational Anti-infective Pharmacodynamics, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Menino O Cotta
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Dou Y, Huan J, Guo F, Zhou Z, Shi Y. Pseudomonas aeruginosa prevalence, antibiotic resistance and antimicrobial use in Chinese burn wards from 2007 to 2014. J Int Med Res 2017; 45:1124-1137. [PMID: 28443385 PMCID: PMC5536433 DOI: 10.1177/0300060517703573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the application of antibacterial agents, alongside pathogen prevalence and Pseudomonas aeruginosa drug resistance, with the aim of understanding the impact of inappropriate antibacterial use. Methods This retrospective study assessed bacteria from wounds, catheters, blood, faeces, urine and sputum of hospitalized patients in burn wards between 2007 and 2014. The intensity of use of antibacterial agents and resistance of P. aeruginosa to common anti-Gram-negative antibiotics were measured. Results Annual detection rates of Staphylococcus aureus were significantly decreased, whereas annual detection rates of P. aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae were significantly increased. Multidrug-resistant strains of P. aeruginosa were increased. The intensity of use of some anti-Gramnegative antibiotics positively correlated with resistance rates of P. aeruginosa to similar antimicrobials. Conclusion In burn wards, more attention should be paid to P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae. The use of ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime and cefoperazone/sulbactam should be limited to counter the related increase in resistance levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Dou
- Burn and Plastic Surgery Department, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Jingning Huan
- Burn and Plastic Surgery Department, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Feng Guo
- Burn and Plastic Surgery Department, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Zengding Zhou
- Burn and Plastic Surgery Department, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Yan Shi
- Burn and Plastic Surgery Department, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
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14
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Zhu Q, Teng J, Liu X, Lan Y, Guo R. Preparation and characterization of gentamycin sulfate-impregnated gelatin microspheres/collagen–cellulose/nanocrystal scaffolds. Polym Bull (Berl) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-017-2020-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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