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Gao C, Lu C, Jian Z, Zhang T, Chen Z, Zhu Q, Tai Z, Liu Y. 3D bioprinting for fabricating artificial skin tissue. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 208:112041. [PMID: 34425531 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
As an organ in direct contact with the external environment, the skin is the first line of defense against external stimuli, so it is the most vulnerable to damage. In addition, there is an increasing demand for artificial skin in the fields of drug testing, disease research and cosmetic testing. Traditional skin tissue engineering has made encouraging progress after years of development. However, due to the complexity of the skin structures, there is still a big gap between existing artificial skin and natural skin in terms of function. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is an advanced biological manufacturing method. It accurately deposits bioinks into pre-designed three-dimensional shapes to create complex biological tissues. This technology aims to print artificial tissues and organs with biological activities and complete physiological functions, thereby alleviating the problem of tissues and organs in short supply. Here, based on the introduction to skin structure and function, we systematically elaborate and analyze skin manufacturing methods, 3D bioprinting biomaterials and strategies, etc. Finally, the challenges and perspectives in 3D bioprinting skin field are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Gao
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Chunxiang Lu
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Zhian Jian
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Tingrui Zhang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for External Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for External Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Quangang Zhu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for External Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Zongguang Tai
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for External Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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Long-term myofibroblast persistence in the capsular bag contributes to the late spontaneous in-the-bag intraocular lens dislocation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20532. [PMID: 33239706 PMCID: PMC7689492 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77207-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Late spontaneous in-the-bag intraocular lens (IOL) dislocation is a complication presenting 6 months or later after cataract surgery. We aimed to characterize the cells in the lens capsules (LCs) of 18 patients with spontaneous late in-the-bag IOL dislocation. Patients' average age was 82.6 ± 1.5 years (range 72-98), and most of them had pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX). Cells from the LCs were positive for myofibroblast (αSMA), proliferation (Ki-67, PCNA), early lens development/lens progenitor (SOX2, PAX6), chemokine receptor (CXCR4), and transmembrane (N-cadherin) markers, while negative for epithelial (E-cadherin) marker. Moreover, the cells produced abundant fibronectin, type I and type V collagen in the nearby extracellular matrix (ECM). During ex vivo cultivation of dislocated IOL-LCs in toto, the cells proliferated and likely migrated onto the IOL's anterior side. EdU proliferation assay confirmed the proliferation potential of the myofibroblasts (MFBs) in dislocated IOL-LCs. Primary cultured lens epithelial cells/MFBs isolated from the LC of dislocated IOLs could induce collagen matrix contraction and continuously proliferated, migrated, and induced ECM remodeling. Taken together, this indicates that long-lived MFBs of dislocated IOLs might contribute to the pathogenic mechanisms in late in-the-bag IOL dislocation.
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Kawakami T, Komatsu T, Yokoyama K, Iwama E, Dong Y. Establishment of co-culture of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived melanocytes and keratinocytes in vitro. J Dermatol 2020; 48:123-125. [PMID: 33035359 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamihiro Kawakami
- Division of Dermatology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toshiro Komatsu
- Division of Dermatology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kae Yokoyama
- Division of Dermatology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Eimei Iwama
- Division of Dermatology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yupeng Dong
- Division of Dermatology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
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Škalamera D, Stevenson AJ, Ehmann A, Ainger SA, Lanagan C, Sturm RA, Gabrielli B. Melanoma mutations modify melanocyte dynamics in co-culture with keratinocytes or fibroblasts. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.234716. [PMID: 31767623 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.234716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanocytic cell interactions are integral to skin homeostasis, and affect the outcome of multiple diseases, including cutaneous pigmentation disorders and melanoma. By using automated-microscopy and machine-learning-assisted morphology analysis of primary human melanocytes in co-culture, we performed combinatorial interrogation of melanocyte genotypic variants and functional assessment of lentivirus-introduced mutations. Keratinocyte-induced melanocyte dendricity, an indicator of melanocyte differentiation, was reduced in the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) R/R variant strain and by NRAS.Q61K and BRAF.V600E expression, while expression of CDK4.R24C and RAC1.P29S had no detectable effect. Time-lapse tracking of melanocytes in co-culture revealed dynamic interaction phenotypes and hyper-motile cell states that indicated that, in addition to the known role in activating mitogenic signalling, MEK-pathway-activating mutations may also allow melanocytes to escape keratinocyte control and increase their invasive potential. Expanding this combinatorial platform will identify other therapeutic target mutations and melanocyte genetic variants, as well as increase understanding of skin cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dubravka Škalamera
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, 4102 QLD, Australia
| | - Alexander J Stevenson
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, 4102 QLD, Australia
| | - Anna Ehmann
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, 4102 QLD, Australia
| | - Stephen A Ainger
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, 4102 QLD, Australia
| | - Catherine Lanagan
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, 4102 QLD, Australia
| | - Richard A Sturm
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, 4102 QLD, Australia
| | - Brian Gabrielli
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, 4102 QLD, Australia
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Liebsch C, Bucan V, Menger B, Köhne F, Waldmann KH, Vaslaitis D, Vogt PM, Strauss S, Kuhbier JW. Preliminary investigations of spider silk in wounds in vivo — Implications for an innovative wound dressing. Burns 2018; 44:1829-1838. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Zhang C, Zhou L, Huang J, Mei X, Wu Z, Shi W. A preliminary study of growth characteristics of melanocytes co-cultured with keratinocytes in vitro. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:6173-6180. [PMID: 29637612 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the characteristic growth of melanocytes (MCs) and Keratinocytes (KCs) in vitro and discuss the mechanism of culturing autologous melanocytes in the treatment of vitiligo. Epidermis cells derived from normal skin tissues were isolated and cultured in vitro. Melanocytes in DOPA staining were observed. The expression level of markers in MCs was detected by qRT-PCR and the percentage of MCs and KCs were detected by flow cytometry. Cells derived from normal skin tissues mainly included KCs, MCs, and fibroblasts. There were significant differences between the percentage of KC, MC, fibroblasts (P < 0.05), and the expression of Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (P < 0.05) and Tyrosinase-related protein-2 (P < 0.05) in the second, 10th, 20th, and 30th day. Significant differences were also found between the average numbers of MC stained by DOPA (P < 0.05) and the average percentage of MCs in the 10th, 20th, and 30th Day (P < 0.05). But there were no significant differences between the average percentage of KCs in the 10th, 20th, and 30th Day (P > 0.05) detected by flow cytometry. The number of MCs co-cultured with KCs in vitro reached the maximum in the 20th Day and this co-cultured model may contribute to the growth of MCs which could be used in the treatment of vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhong Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Le Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Wuxi Branch of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingyu Mei
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhouwei Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weimin Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Crawford M, Leclerc V, Dagnino L. A reporter mouse model for in vivo tracing and in vitro molecular studies of melanocytic lineage cells and their diseases. Biol Open 2017. [PMID: 28642245 PMCID: PMC5576081 DOI: 10.1242/bio.025833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in melanocytic lineage cells give rise to a plethora of distinct human diseases, including neurocristopathies, cutaneous pigmentation disorders, loss of vision and hearing, and melanoma. Understanding the ontogeny and biology of melanocytic cells, as well as how they interact with their surrounding environment, are key steps in the development of therapies for diseases that involve this cell lineage. Efforts to culture and characterize primary melanocytes from normal or genetically engineered mouse models have at times yielded contrasting observations. This is due, in part, to differences in the conditions used to isolate, purify and culture these cells in individual studies. By breeding ROSAmT/mG and Tyr::CreERT2 mice, we generated animals in which melanocytic lineage cells are identified through expression of green fluorescent protein. We also used defined conditions to systematically investigate the proliferation and migration responses of primary melanocytes on various extracellular matrix (ECM) substrates. Under our culture conditions, mouse melanocytes exhibit doubling times in the range of 10 days, and retain exponential proliferative capacity for 50-60 days. In culture, these melanocytes showed distinct responses to different ECM substrates. Specifically, laminin-332 promoted cell spreading, formation of dendrites, random motility and directional migration. In contrast, low or intermediate concentrations of collagen I promoted adhesion and acquisition of a bipolar morphology, and interfered with melanocyte forward movements. Our systematic evaluation of primary melanocyte responses emphasizes the importance of clearly defining culture conditions for these cells. This, in turn, is essential for the interpretation of melanocyte responses to extracellular cues and to understand the molecular basis of disorders involving the melanocytic cell lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Crawford
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Children's Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Valerie Leclerc
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Children's Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Lina Dagnino
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Children's Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
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