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Farzan R, Parvizi A, Takasi P, Mollaei A, Karkhah S, Firooz M, Hosseini SJ, Haddadi S, Ghorbani Vajargah P. Caregivers' knowledge with burned children and related factors towards burn first aid: A systematic review. Int Wound J 2023; 20:2887-2897. [PMID: 36859701 PMCID: PMC10410335 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to examine the caregivers' knowledge with burned children and related factors towards burn first aid. A comprehensive, systematic search was performed in different international electronic databases, such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Persian electronic databases such as Iranmedex, and Scientific Information Database using keywords extracted from Medical Subject Headings such as "Knowledge", "First aid", "Caregiver", "Burn", and "Child" from the earliest to the December 1, 2022. The quality of the studies included in this systematic review was evaluated by using the appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies (AXIS tool). A total of 11 763 caregivers of children with burns were enrolled in 14 studies. Of the participants, 78.81% were female and 41.15% had a university education. The mean score of caregivers' knowledge with burned children towards burn first aid was 51.44 out of 100. The knowledge of caregivers of burned children towards burn first aid had a significant positive relationship with the level of education, first aid training, age of caregivers, history of burn, number of children, monthly income, social status, and attitude. In addition, caregivers' knowledge had a significant negative relationship with the number of children. Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between caregivers' knowledge and level of education, monthly income, smoking, and previous knowledge of first aid. The level of caregivers' knowledge with burned children towards burn first aid was moderate. Therefore, health managers and policymakers can improve the knowledge of caregivers of burned children towards burn first aid by creating suitable platforms for face-to-face training as well as online training using websites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramyar Farzan
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, School of MedicineGuilan University of Medical SciencesRashtIran
| | - Arman Parvizi
- Anesthesiology Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Alzahra HospitalGuilan University of Medical SciencesRashtIran
| | - Poorya Takasi
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research CenterGuilan University of Medical SciencesRashtIran
- Department of Medical‐Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and MidwiferyGuilan University of Medical SciencesRashtIran
| | - Amirabbas Mollaei
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research CenterGuilan University of Medical SciencesRashtIran
- Department of Medical‐Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and MidwiferyGuilan University of Medical SciencesRashtIran
| | - Samad Karkhah
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research CenterGuilan University of Medical SciencesRashtIran
- Department of Medical‐Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and MidwiferyGuilan University of Medical SciencesRashtIran
| | - Mahbobeh Firooz
- Department of NursingEsfarayen Faculty of Medical SciencesEsfarayenIran
| | | | - Soudabeh Haddadi
- Anesthesiology Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Alzahra HospitalGuilan University of Medical SciencesRashtIran
| | - Pooyan Ghorbani Vajargah
- Anesthesiology Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Alzahra HospitalGuilan University of Medical SciencesRashtIran
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research CenterGuilan University of Medical SciencesRashtIran
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Stehr P, Reifegerste D, Rossmann C, Caspar K, Schulze A, Lindemann AK. Effective communication with caregivers to prevent unintentional injuries in children under seven years. A systematic review. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2022; 105:2721-2730. [PMID: 35537900 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2022.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review systematically examines the theory base and effectiveness of communication strategies (i.e., message content, message attributes, communication channels, and communicators) of interventions for caregivers to prevent unintentional child injuries. METHODS Relevant articles were searched in the databases Communication and Mass Media Complete, PsycInfo, Pubmed, and Google Scholar, the journal Injury Prevention, and the literature of included studies. A total of 71 articles reporting 67 different studies were included and fully coded. Quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Coded categories and their frequencies are described, and the effectiveness of different communication strategies is explored with crosstabs. RESULTS Only 17 studies stated the use of a specific theory base; Precaution Adoption Process-Model, Theory of Planned Behavior, and Health Belief Model were most often used. The message content of most studies aimed at knowledge dissemination; however, addressing behavioral determinants, such as risk perception and self-efficacy, was more effective. About half of the studies did not elaborate on message attributes; calls to action, exemplars, and tailoring were most often used, the latter being most effective. Communication channels ranged from printed products to face-to-face communication and digital media. In addition, studies specifying interpersonal communicators were highly effective. CONCLUSION The results of the review suggest that the following aspects can contribute to effective communication in child injury prevention: theory-based communication, addressing broad knowledge and further behavioral determinants, digital tailoring, and health professionals as communicators. However, a conclusive statement on the effectiveness of different communication strategies is hampered by the fact that they are not specified and/or confounded in many studies. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Communication strategies should be theory based and address, in addition to knowledge, behavioral determinants such as risk perception and self-efficacy. Moreover, digital tailoring is an advanced way of enhancing effectiveness and health professionals, such as pediatricians and clinic staff, are important multipliers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Stehr
- Department of Media and Communication, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | | | | | - Katja Caspar
- Department of Media and Communication Science, University of Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany
| | - Annett Schulze
- Department Risk Communication, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Lindemann
- Department Risk Communication, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
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Moore C, Clover J, Gibson L. Evaluating parental knowledge of pediatric burns first aid in Ireland and the effectiveness of an educational intervention improving knowledge. Burns 2022; 48:672-682. [PMID: 34696953 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2021.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM Burns represent a large portion of injuries attending emergency departments each year, with children accounting for the biggest proportion. Appropriate first aid has been shown to help improve the outcome of burns, and decrease the need for surgical intervention. Several studies outside of Ireland demonstrate inadequate parental knowledge of burns first aid, but few evaluated interventions to improve knowledge. Consequently our aim was to assess parental/caregiver knowledge in Ireland, and determine if knowledge levels could be raised following a short educational video intervention. METHODS An educational video based on current European and British best practice guidelines was produced and shown to parents/caregivers waiting in the Pediatric Outpatients Department after a previously validated pre-intervention questionnaire was completed. A post intervention questionnaire was completed following the video. Questionnaires assessed demographics, previous experience and included scenarios to test parental knowledge. RESULTS 112 parents/caregivers (81.3% female (n = 91), 18.8% male (n = 21)) were questioned. Baseline knowledge was found to be poor overall, however this significantly improved with a simple educational video (pre-score 31.9%, post-test mean score knowledge 92.1%). Pre- and post-test scores showed a statistical significance (x2 = 71.117, P < 0.001, 95% CI).No other variables analysed were shown to be statistically significant predictors of pre- or post-test scores (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The study found poor parental knowledge of burns first aid in Ireland and shows the use of an educational video was effective in raising knowledge levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James Clover
- University College Cork, Ireland; Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Louise Gibson
- University College Cork, Ireland; Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland.
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McLure M, Macneil F, Wood FM, Cuttle L, Eastwood K, Bray J, Tracy LM. A Rapid Review of Burns First Aid Guidelines: Is There Consistency Across International Guidelines? Cureus 2021; 13:e15779. [PMID: 34295589 PMCID: PMC8291991 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.15779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a rapid review of current international and Australian/New Zealand guidelines on first aid for burns to identify any critical variation and any recent major changes in the literature that would warrant a significant change to current recommendations. A search was conducted to identify Australian/New Zealand and international first aid guidelines for burn care using guideline databases, and we compared key recommendations from each guideline relating to burns first aid. A literature search of relevant databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PROSPERO international register of systematic reviews, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases) was conducted to identify existing and in-progress research published on the topic of first aid for burn injuries. Seven guidelines were identified from the Australia/New Zealand region, and 11 international guidelines were identified from the United States of America and Europe. All Australian and New Zealand guidelines recommended a cooling duration of 20 minutes and made some mention of when to refer a burn for medical evaluation, while international guidelines saw cooling duration variation, a number of guidelines failed to mention referral criteria. The review of published systematic reviews and clinical trials revealed a lack of new evidence in the last six years. Our rapid review identified key variation between first aid guidelines for burns that would benefit from the development of an international consensus on management. We identified no new significant evidence that would alter guideline recommendations and did not identify any upcoming reviews or clinical trials on this subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael McLure
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, AUS
| | - Finlay Macneil
- Department of Urology, Gosford District Hospital and Gosford Private Hospital, Gosford, AUS
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, AUS
| | - Fiona M Wood
- State Adult Burn Unit, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, AUS
- Burn Injury Research Unit, University of Western Australia, Perth, AUS
| | - Leila Cuttle
- School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, South Brisbane, AUS
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, South Brisbane, AUS
- Children's Health Research Centre, Queensland University of Technology, South Brisbane, AUS
| | - Kathryn Eastwood
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, AUS
| | - Janet Bray
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, AUS
- Prehospital, Resuscitation and Emergency Care Research Unit, Curtin University, Bentley, AUS
| | - Lincoln M Tracy
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, AUS
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Cowley LE, Bennett CV, Brown I, Emond A, Kemp AM. Mixed-methods process evaluation of SafeTea: a multimedia campaign to prevent hot drink scalds in young children and promote burn first aid. Inj Prev 2020; 27:419-427. [PMID: 33093127 PMCID: PMC8461408 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2020-043909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Objectives SafeTea is a multifaceted intervention delivered by community practitioners to prevent hot drink scalds to young children and improve parents’ knowledge of appropriate burn first aid. We adapted SafeTea for a national multimedia campaign, and present a mixed-methods process evaluation of the campaign. Methods We used social media, a website hosting downloadable materials and media publicity to disseminate key messages to parents/caregivers of young children and professionals working with these families across the UK. The SafeTea campaign was launched on National Burns Awareness Day (NBAD), October 2019, and ran for 3 months. Process evaluation measurements included social media metrics, Google Analytics, and quantitative and qualitative results from a survey of professionals who requested hard copies of the materials via the website. Results Findings were summarised under four themes: ‘reach’, ‘engagement’, ‘acceptability’ and ‘impact/behavioural change’. The launch on NBAD generated widespread publicity. The campaign reached a greater number of the target audience than anticipated, with over 400 000 views of the SafeTea educational videos. Parents and professionals engaged with SafeTea and expressed positive opinions of the campaign and materials. SafeTea encouraged parents to consider how to change their behaviours to minimise the risks associated with hot drinks. Reach and engagement steadily declined after the first month due to reduced publicity and social media promotion. Conclusion The SafeTea campaign was successful in terms of reach and engagement. The launch on NBAD was essential for generating media interest. Future campaigns could be shorter, with more funding for additional social media content and promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C Verity Bennett
- Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Alan Emond
- Centre for Academic Child Health, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Alison Mary Kemp
- Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Bennett CV, Hollén L, Quinn-Scoggins HD, Emond A, Kemp AM. Feasibility of Safe-Tea: a parent-targeted intervention to prevent hot drink scalds in preschool children. Inj Prev 2019; 26:31-41. [PMID: 30765457 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2018-042921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the high prevalence of preventable hot drink scalds in preschool children, there is a paucity of research on effective prevention interventions and a serious need to improve parents' knowledge of first aid. This study investigates the feasibility of 'Safe-Tea', an innovative multifaceted community-based intervention delivered by early-years practitioners. METHODS 'Safe-Tea' was implemented at Childcare, Stay&Play and Home Visit settings in areas of deprivation in Cardiff, UK. A mixed-methods approach was used, including preintervention and postintervention parent questionnaires and focus groups with parents and practitioners to test the acceptability, practicality and ability of staff to deliver the intervention, and parents' knowledge and understanding. RESULTS Intervention materials, activities and messages were well received and understood by both parents and community practitioners. Interactive and visual methods of communication requiring little to no reading were most acceptable. Parents' understanding of the risk of hot drink scalds in preschool children and knowledge of appropriate first aid improved postintervention. Parents knew at baseline that they 'should' keep hot drinks out of reach. Focus group discussions after intervention revealed improved understanding of likelihood and severity of scald injury to children, which increased vigilance. Parents gained confidence to correct the behaviours of others at home and pass on first aid messages. CONCLUSION This feasibility study is a vital step towards the development of a robust, evidence-based behaviour change intervention model. Work is underway to refine intervention materials based on improvements suggested by parents, and test these more widely in communities across the UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Verity Bennett
- Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Linda Hollén
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Alan Emond
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Alison Mary Kemp
- Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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