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Fang CS, Tu YK, Chou FH, Fang CJ, Chang SL. Effect of inhaled aromatherapy on sleep quality in critically ill patients: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Clin Nurs 2024. [PMID: 39041491 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.17368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to compare the effect of inhaled aromatherapy using various essential oils on the sleep quality of critically ill patients. BACKGROUND Inhalation of essential oils significantly promotes the physiological and psychological health of patients in intensive care units (ICUs). However, research identifying and ranking the effects of different essential oils on the sleep quality of critically ill patients is lacking. DESIGN This study followed the PRISMA Extension Statement for Reporting of Systematic Reviews Incorporating Network Meta-Analyses of Health Care Interventions (PRISMA-NMA) guidelines. METHODS A comprehensive search of five databases (Embase, MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL and PsycINFO) was conducted from their inception to March 15, 2023 (with an additional eligible study included dated August 14, 2023). Google Scholar was used as a supplementary method. Frequentist NMA was used to determine the effects of various essential oils. Certainty of evidence (CoE) was assessed using Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis (CINeMA). RESULTS A total of 11 trials involving 690 critically ill patients were included in the analysis. The NMA of inhaled aromatherapy revealed that the combination of lavender, Matricaria recutita, and neroli essential oils (ratio 6:2:0.5) resulted in the most significant improvement in sleep quality compared to usual care, followed by Rosa damascene, peppermint, Citrus aurantium, pure sunflower oil and lavender oil alone. The overall CoE for the results was rated as low. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that a combination of lavender, Matricaria recutita and neroli essential oils significantly positively affected sleep quality among critically ill patients. Despite the low quality of evidence, inhaled aromatherapy is non-invasive and easy to use. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Inhaled aromatherapy can effectively improve sleep quality among critically ill patients. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION No patient or public contribution applies to this work. STUDY REGISTRATION The study protocol was registered to the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (protocol number CRD42023433194).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiu-Shu Fang
- Department of Nursing, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Yongkang District, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Kang Tu
- Insitute of Health Data Analytics and Statistics, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center of Health Data Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Hao Chou
- School of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ju Fang
- Department of Secretariat, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Medical Library, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Lun Chang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Yongkang District, Taiwan
- Department of pet Care and Groomimg, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
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Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar M, Hosseinzadeh H. Therapeutic potential of hypnotic herbal medicines: A comprehensive review. Phytother Res 2024; 38:3037-3059. [PMID: 38595123 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Insomnia affects millions of people worldwide, prompting considerable interest in herbal remedies for its treatment. This review aims to assess the therapeutic potential of such remedies for insomnia by analyzing current scientific evidence. The analysis identified several herbs, including Rosmarinus officinalis, Crocus sativus, Rosa damascena, Curcuma longa, Valeriana officinalis, Lactuca sativa, Portulaca oleracea, Citrus aurantium, Lippia citriodora, and Melissa officinalis, which show promise in improving overall sleep time, reducing sleep latency, and enhancing sleep quality. These plants act on the central nervous system, particularly the serotonergic and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic systems, promoting sedation and relaxation. However, further research is necessary to fully understand their mechanisms of action, optimal dosages, and treatment protocols. Combining herbal medicines with conventional treatments may offer an effective natural alternative for those seeking medication. Nevertheless, individuals should consult their healthcare provider before using herbal remedies for insomnia. While this review provides evidence supporting their use, additional high-quality studies are needed to firmly establish their clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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3
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Hill DM, Reger M, Todor LA, Boyd AN, Cogle S, DeWitt A, Drabick Z, Faris J, Zavala S, Adams B, Alexander KM, Carter K, Gayed RM, Gutenschwager DW, Hall A, Hansen M, Krantz EN, Pham F, Quan AN, Smith L, Tran N, Walroth TA, Mueller SW. An Appraisal of Pharmacotherapy-Pertinent Literature Published in 2021 and 2022 for Clinicians Caring for Patients With Thermal or Inhalation Injury. J Burn Care Res 2024; 45:614-624. [PMID: 38285011 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irae012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Studies focusing on pharmacotherapy interventions to aid patients after thermal injury are a minor focus in burn injury-centered studies and published across a wide array of journals, which challenges those with limited resources to keep their knowledge current. This review is a renewal of previous years' work to facilitate extraction and review of the most recent pharmacotherapy-centric studies in patients with thermal and inhalation injury. Twenty-three geographically dispersed, board-certified pharmacists participated in the review. A Medical Subject Heading-based, filtered search returned 2336 manuscripts over the previous 2-year period. After manual review, 98 (4%) manuscripts were determined to have a potential impact on current pharmacotherapy practice. The top 10 scored manuscripts are discussed. Only 17% of those reviewed were assessed to likely have little effect on current practice. The overall impact of the current cohort was higher than previous editions of this review, which is encouraging. There remains a need for investment in well-designed, high-impact, pharmacotherapy-pertinent research for patients sustaining thermal or inhalation injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Hill
- Department of Pharmacy, Regional One Health, Memphis, TN 38139, USA
| | - Melissa Reger
- Department of Pharmacy, Community Regional Medical Center, Fresno, CA 93721, USA
| | - Lorraine A Todor
- Department of Pharmacy, Regional One Health, Memphis, TN 38139, USA
| | - Allison N Boyd
- Department of Pharmacy, Eskenazi Health, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sarah Cogle
- Pharmacy Clinical Programs, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Alexandra DeWitt
- Department of Pharmacy, University Medical Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Zachary Drabick
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Florida Health Shands Hospital, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Janie Faris
- Department of Pharmacy, Parkland Health & Hospital System, Dallas, TX 35235, USA
| | - Sarah Zavala
- Department of Pharmacy, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Beatrice Adams
- Department of Pharmacy, Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL 33606, USA
| | - Kaitlin M Alexander
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Kristen Carter
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Rita M Gayed
- Department of Pharmacy and Medical Nutrition, Grady Burn Center, Atlanta, GA 71644, USA
| | | | - Alexandria Hall
- Department of Pharmacy, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Meaghan Hansen
- Department of Pharmacy, UPMC Mercy, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Erica N Krantz
- Department of Pharmacy, Ascension Via Christi, Wichita, KS 67214, USA
| | - Felix Pham
- Department of Pharmacy, Torrance Memorial Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90505, USA
| | - Asia N Quan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Arizona Burn Center Valleywise Health, Phoenix, AZ 85008, USA
| | - Lisa Smith
- Department of Pharmacy, Doctors Hospital, Augusta, GA 30909, USA
| | - Nicolas Tran
- Department of Pharmacy, Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL 33606, USA
| | - Todd A Walroth
- Department of Pharmacy, Eskenazi Health, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Scott W Mueller
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Health, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Behnamnia S, Rahimmalek M, Haghighi M, Nikbakht A, Gharibi S, Pachura N, Szumny A, Łyczko J. Variation in Flavonoid Compounds, Volatiles and Yield Related Traits in Different Iranian Rosa damascena Mill. Cultivars Based on SPME Arrow and LC-MS/MS. Foods 2024; 13:668. [PMID: 38472781 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Damask rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) is an aromatic industrial plant with different applications. Selection of cultivars with high-value metabolites such as flavonoids-with acceptable yields-can lead to elite cultivars for mass propagation in various industries. A field experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) to evaluate metabolites and some yield-related morphological data. In the present investigation, for the first time 13 flavonoid components of nine Iranian damask rose cultivars were compared using LC-MS/MS. As a result, 13 flavonoids were identified, most of which were reported for the first time in rose petals. Phloridzin (72.59-375.92 mg/100 g dw), diosmetin (82.48-153.16 mg/100 g dw) and biochanin A (0-1066.89 mg/100 g dw) were the most abundant, followed by trans-chalcone (0-106.29 mg/100 g dw) and diosmin (41.55-84.57 mg/100 g dw). Levels of naringenin also ranged from 3.77 in B111 to 54.70 mg/100 g dw in C294, while luteolin varied from 4.37 in B111 to 28.87 mg/100 g dw in C294. The SPME Arrow technique also was applied to determine the real aroma of the studied cultivars. Phenethyl alcohol was the most abundant compound, in the range of 69.28 to 77.58%. The highest citronellol/geraniol (C/G) was observed in D234 (4.52%) and D237 (4.30%), while the lowest amount belonged to A104 (1.28%). Rose oxide, as the most crucial factor for odor, ranged from 0.06% in D237 to 0.15% in D211. Based on cluster and principal component analysis (PCA), D234 cultivar can be suggested as a promising cultivar with high yield, high C/G content and high rose oxide, while D234 and C294 were the most valuable cultivars in terms of flavonoids with high yield. Finally, these cultivars can be introduced for further breeding programs and industrial cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safoora Behnamnia
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rahimmalek
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Maryam Haghighi
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Ali Nikbakht
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Shima Gharibi
- Core Research Facilities (CRF), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Natalia Pachura
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Antoni Szumny
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jacek Łyczko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
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Salajegheh Z, Harorani M, Shahrodi M, Dolati E, Farahani M, Amini N, Habibi D. Effects of acupressure on sleep quality and anxiety of patients with second- or third-degree burns: a randomized sham-controlled trial. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:5. [PMID: 38167078 PMCID: PMC10759327 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04292-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although acupressure is proposed to boost sleep quality and alleviate anxiety in various disorders, no trials have yet documented these consequences in burn victims. Considering the high importance of managing sleep quality and anxiety among burn patients utilizing adjunctive non-pharmacological measures, this study sought to investigate the impacts of acupressure on sleep quality and anxiety among a population of Iranian patients with burn injuries. METHODS This trial was performed on 72 patients with second- or third-degree burns, who were divided into two equal arms to receive routine care plus 10-minute acupressure on either real acupoints (i.e., Yintang and Shen men) or sham points for three consecutive nights. Sleep quality and anxiety were investigated at baseline (T1) and on the fourth day (T2) by using St. Mary's Hospital Sleep Questionnaire (SMHSQ) and Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for State Anxiety (STAI-S), respectively. RESULTS The mean scores of SMHSQ and STAI-S were significantly lower in the real acupressure arm at T2 (P < 0.001 in two cases), implying better sleep quality improvement and higher anxiety alleviation. Also, the reduction in mean changes of SMHSQ and STAI-S scores from T1 to T2 was significantly more in the real acupressure arm (P < 0.001 in two cases). CONCLUSION Acupressure, as a low-cost complementary method, could be potentially helpful in enhancing sleep quality and decreasing the anxiety of burn patients. Additional long-term trials are required to identify the sustainability of the findings. TRIAL REGISTRATION NO IRCT20130424013110N13 (Registration date: 19/03/2021, https://www.irct.ir/trial/55076 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Salajegheh
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehdi Harorani
- Department of Nursing, Shazand School of Nursing, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
- Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center (TCMRC), Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
| | - Mohadese Shahrodi
- Department of Intensive Care Nursing, Gonbad Kavoos Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gonbad Kavoos, Iran
| | - Elahe Dolati
- Department of Operating Room, Azadshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Azadshahr, Iran
| | - Mahtab Farahani
- Student Research Committee, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Nazanin Amini
- School of Paramedicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Danial Habibi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Tan L, Liao FF, Long LZ, Ma XC, Peng YX, Lu JM, Qu H, Fu CG. Essential oils for treating anxiety: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials and network meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1144404. [PMID: 37325306 PMCID: PMC10267315 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1144404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose The findings of clinical studies exploring essential oils (EOs) for anxiety remain disputed, and no studies have yet clarified the differences in the efficacy of EOs. The purpose of the study was to directly or indirectly compare the efficacy of different types of EOs on anxiety by pooling the results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases were searched from inception to November 2022. Only full texts of RCTs that investigated the effects of EOs on anxiety were included. The trial data were extracted and the risk of bias was assessed by two reviewers independently. Pairwise meta-analysis and network meta-analysis were performed by Stata 15.1 or R 4.1.2 software. Results Forty-four RCTs (fifty study arms) involving 10 kinds of EOs and 3419 anxiety patients (1815 patients in EOs group and 1604 patients in control group) were included. Pairwise meta-analyses showed that EOs were effective in reducing State Anxiety Inventory scores (SAIS) [WMD = -6.63, 95% CI-8.17, -5.08] and Trait Anxiety Inventory scores (TAIS) [WMD = -4.97, 95% CI-6.73, -3.20]. Additionally, EOs could decrease systolic blood pressure (SBP) [WMD = -6.83, (95% CI -10.53, -3.12), P < 0.001] and heart rate (HR) [WMD = -3.43, (95% CI -5.51, -1.36), P < 0.001]. Network meta-analyses demonstrated that regarding the outcome of SAIS, Jasminum sambac (L.)Ait. (jasmine) was the most effective with a weighted mean difference (WMD) of-13.61 (95% CrI-24.79, -2.48). Followed by Citrus (citrus aurantium L.), which had a WMD of-9.62 (95% CrI-13.32, -5.93). Moderate effect sizes were observed for Rosa rugosa Thunb. (damask rose) (WMD = -6.78, 95% CrI-10.14, -3.49) and Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (lavender) (WMD = -5.41, 95% CrI-7.86, -2.98). Regarding the results of TAIS, citrus aurantium L. was the best ranked intervention with a WMD of-9.62 (95% CrI-15.62, -3.7). Moderate-to-large effect sizes were observed for Citrus limon (L.) Burm. F. (lemon) (WMD:-8.48; 95% CrI-16.67, -0.33) and lavender (WMD:-5.5; 95% CrI-8.7, -2.46). Conclusion According to the comprehensive analysis, EOs are effective in reducing both state anxiety and trait anxiety, and citrus aurantium L. essential oil seems to be the most recommended type of EO for treating anxiety because of its significant effects in reducing SAIS and TAIS. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier: CRD42022331319.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Tan
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei-fei Liao
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lin-zi Long
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-chang Ma
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Cardiovascular Clinical Medical Research Center of TCM, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-xuan Peng
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jie-ming Lu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Qu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Cardiovascular Clinical Medical Research Center of TCM, Beijing, China
| | - Chang-geng Fu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Cardiovascular Clinical Medical Research Center of TCM, Beijing, China
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Lee HW, Ang L, Lee MS. Lack of consideration of clinical heterogeneity in the meta-analysis. Explore (NY) 2023; 19:275-276. [PMID: 36746686 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Won Lee
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Lin Ang
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Myeong Soo Lee
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea.
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Farzan R, Firooz M, Ghorbani Vajargah P, Mollaei A, Takasi P, Tolouei M, Emami Zeydi A, Hosseini SJ, Karkhah S. Effects of aromatherapy with Rosa damascene and lavender on pain and anxiety of burn patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Wound J 2023. [PMID: 36651329 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain and anxiety were considered the most common complications of treatment procedures in burn patients. Non-pharmacological drugs, including aromatherapy, can decrease these issues. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to summarise the effects of aromatherapy with Rosa damascene (RD) and lavender on the pain and anxiety of burn patients. A systematic search was performed on international electronic databases such as Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science, as well as on Iranian electronic databases such as Iranmedex and Scientific Information Database (SID) with keywords extracted from Medical Subject Headings such as "Burns", "Pain", "Pain management", "Anxiety", and "Aromatherapy" were performed from the earliest to November 1, 2022. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist assessed the quality of randomised control trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental studies. STATA v.14 software was used to estimate pooled effect size. Heterogeneity was assessed with I2 value. Random effect model and inverse-variance method using sample size, mean, and standard deviation changes were applied to determine standard mean differences (SMD). The confidence interval of 95% was considered to determine the confidence level. A total of 586 burn patients participated in six studies, including three RCT studies and three quasi-experimental studies. The results based on RCT studies showed RD significantly decreased the dressing pain average when compared to the control group (SMD: -1.61, 95%CI: -2.32 to -0.99, Z = 5.09, I2 : 66.2%, P < 0.001). Aromatherapy with lavender decreased the average pain in the interventional group more than in the control group (SMD: -1.78, 95%CI: -3.62 to 0.07, Z = 1.89, I2 : 97.2%, P = 0.06). Using aromatherapy with RD and lavender significantly decreased pain average in the interventional group than the control group (SMD: -1.68, 95%CI: -2.64 to -0.72, Z = 3.42, I2 : 94.2%, P = 0.001). The results showed RD significantly decreased the anxiety average in the interventional group than the control group (SMD: -2.49, 95%CI: -2.98 to -2.0, Z = 9.94, I2 : 51.6%, P < 0.001). Overall, this study showed that aromatherapy with RD decreased pain and anxiety of dressing procedures in burn patients. Although aromatherapy with lavender decreased pain in the patients, it was not statistically significant. More RCTs studies are required to be able to better judge the effects of aromatherapy with RD and lavender on the pain and anxiety of burn patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramyar Farzan
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mahbobeh Firooz
- Department of Nursing, Esfarayen Faculty of Medical Sciences, Esfarayen, Iran
| | - Pooyan Ghorbani Vajargah
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Amirabbas Mollaei
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Poorya Takasi
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad Tolouei
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Amir Emami Zeydi
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Nasibeh School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed Javad Hosseini
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Samad Karkhah
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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