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Melling N, Grass J, Reeh M, Tachezy M, Blessmann M, Izbicki JR, Grupp K. Decreased expression of prolyl hydroxylase 1 is associated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancers. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:7579-7585. [PMID: 36976352 PMCID: PMC10374750 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04717-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolyl hydroxylase 1 (PHD1) is a prognostic marker in several cancers. AIMS AND SCOPES This study was undertaken to elucidate the clinical relevance of PHD1 in colorectal cancer (CRC) prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We compared PHD1 expression on a tissue microarray (TMA) containing samples from 1800 CRCs with corresponding clinicopathological tumor variables and patient survival. RESULTS While PHD1 staining was always high in benign colorectal epithelium, high PHD1 staining was detectable in only 71.8% of CRCs. Low PHD1 staining was associated with advanced tumor stage (p = 0.0101) and shortened overall survival in CRC patients (p = 0.0011). In a multivariable analysis including tumor stage, histological type and PHD1 staining revealed tumor stage and histological type (p < 0.0001 each), but also PHD1 staining (p = 0.0202) to be independent prognostic markers for CRC. CONCLUSIONS In our cohort, loss of PHD1 expression independently identified a subset of CRC patients with poor overall survival and might, thus, be a promising prognostic marker. PHD1 targeting may even allow for specific therapeutic approaches for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Melling
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Julia Grass
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Reeh
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Tachezy
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marco Blessmann
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jakob R Izbicki
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Grupp
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Zhang J, Jia Q, Li N, Gu L, Dan W, Dai J. Recent Developments of Gramine: Chemistry and Biological Activity. Molecules 2023; 28:5695. [PMID: 37570664 PMCID: PMC10419902 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The natural alkaloid gramine has attracted significant attention in both academic and industrial circles because of its potential and diverse biological activities, including antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities; application in therapy for Alzheimer's disease; serotonin-receptor-related activity; insecticidal activity; and application as an algicide. In this review, we focus on the research advances that have been made for gramine-based molecules since their discovery, providing key information on their extraction and separation, chemical synthesis and diverse biological activities. Data regarding their mechanisms of action are also presented. This comprehensive and critical review will serve as a guide for developing more drug candidates based on gramine skeletons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoyue Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; (J.Z.); (Q.J.)
| | - Qitao Jia
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; (J.Z.); (Q.J.)
| | - Na Li
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China;
| | - Liqiang Gu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China;
| | - Wenjia Dan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; (J.Z.); (Q.J.)
| | - Jiangkun Dai
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; (J.Z.); (Q.J.)
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3
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Rastogi S, Aldosary S, Saeedan AS, Ansari MN, Singh M, Kaithwas G. NF-κB mediated regulation of tumor cell proliferation in hypoxic microenvironment. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1108915. [PMID: 36891273 PMCID: PMC9986608 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1108915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is caused by a cancer-promoting milieu characterized by persistent inflammation. NF-κB and HIF-1α are critical participants in this transition. Tumor development and maintenance are aided by NF-κB, while cellular proliferation and adaptability to angiogenic signals are aided by HIF-1α. Prolyl hydroxylase-2 (PHD-2) has been hypothesized to be the key oxygen-dependent regulator of HIF-1α and NF-transcriptional B's activity. Without low oxygen levels, HIF-1α is degraded by the proteasome in a process dependent on oxygen and 2-oxoglutarate. As opposed to the normal NF-κB activation route, where NF-κB is deactivated by PHD-2-mediated hydroxylation of IKK, this method actually activates NF-κB. HIF-1α is protected from degradation by proteasomes in hypoxic cells, where it then activates transcription factors involved in cellular metastasis and angiogenesis. The Pasteur phenomenon causes lactate to build up inside the hypoxic cells. As part of a process known as lactate shuttle, MCT-1 and MCT-4 cells help deliver lactate from the blood to neighboring, non-hypoxic tumour cells. Non-hypoxic tumour cells use lactate, which is converted to pyruvate, as fuel for oxidative phosphorylation. OXOPHOS cancer cells are characterized by a metabolic switch from glucose-facilitated oxidative phosphorylation to lactate-facilitated oxidative phosphorylation. Although PHD-2 was found in OXOPHOS cells. There is no clear explanation for the presence of NF-kappa B activity. The accumulation of the competitive inhibitor of 2-oxo-glutarate, pyruvate, in non-hypoxic tumour cells is well established. So, we conclude that PHD-2 is inactive in non-hypoxic tumour cells due to pyruvate-mediated competitive suppression of 2-oxo-glutarate. This results in canonical activation of NF-κB. In non-hypoxic tumour cells, 2-oxoglutarate serves as a limiting factor, rendering PHD-2 inactive. However, FIH prevents HIF-1α from engaging in its transcriptional actions. Using the existing scientific literature, we conclude in this study that NF-κB is the major regulator of tumour cell growth and proliferation via pyruvate-mediated competitive inhibition of PHD-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Rastogi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sara Aldosary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz S Saeedan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Nazam Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manjari Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Assam Central University, Silchar, India
| | - Gaurav Kaithwas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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The multifaceted role of EGLN family prolyl hydroxylases in cancer: going beyond HIF regulation. Oncogene 2022; 41:3665-3679. [PMID: 35705735 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02378-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
EGLN1, EGLN2 and EGLN3 are proline hydroxylase whose main function is the regulation of the HIF factors. They work as oxygen sensors and are the main responsible of HIFα subunits degradation in normoxia. Being their activity strictly oxygen-dependent, when oxygen tension lowers, their control on HIFα is released, leading to activation of systemic and cellular response to hypoxia. However, EGLN family members activity is not limited to HIF modulation, but it includes the regulation of essential mechanisms for cell survival, cell cycle metabolism, proliferation and transcription. This is due to their reported hydroxylase activity on a number of non-HIF targets and sometimes to hydroxylase-independent functions. For these reasons, EGLN enzymes appear fundamental for development and progression of different cancer types, playing either a tumor-suppressive or a tumor-promoting role, according to EGLN isoform and to tumor context. Notably, EGLN1, the most studied isoform, has been shown to have also a central role in tumor micro-environment modulation, mediating CAF activation and impairing HIF1α -related angiogenesis, thus covering an important function in cancer metastasis promotion. Considering the recent knowledge acquired on EGLNs, the possibility to target these enzymes for cancer treatment is emerging. However, due to their multifaceted and controversial roles in different cancer types, the use of EGLN inhibitors as anti-cancer drugs should be carefully evaluated in each context.
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Miao M, Wu M, Li Y, Zhang L, Jin Q, Fan J, Xu X, Gu R, Hao H, Zhang A, Jia Z. Clinical Potential of Hypoxia Inducible Factors Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitors in Treating Nonanemic Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:837249. [PMID: 35281917 PMCID: PMC8908211 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.837249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) and their regulatory hydroxylases the prolyl hydroxylase domain enzymes (PHDs) are the key mediators of the cellular response to hypoxia. HIFs are normally hydroxylated by PHDs and degraded, while under hypoxia, PHDs are suppressed, allowing HIF-α to accumulate and transactivate multiple target genes, including erythropoiesis, and genes participate in angiogenesis, iron metabolism, glycolysis, glucose transport, cell proliferation, survival, and so on. Aiming at stimulating HIFs, a group of small molecules antagonizing HIF-PHDs have been developed. Of these HIF-PHDs inhibitors (HIF-PHIs), roxadustat (FG-4592), daprodustat (GSK-1278863), vadadustat (AKB-6548), molidustat (BAY 85-3934) and enarodustat (JTZ-951) are approved for clinical usage or have progressed into clinical trials for chronic kidney disease (CKD) anemia treatment, based on their activation effect on erythropoiesis and iron metabolism. Since HIFs are involved in many physiological and pathological conditions, efforts have been made to extend the potential usage of HIF-PHIs beyond anemia. This paper reviewed the progress of preclinical and clinical research on clinically available HIF-PHIs in pathological conditions other than CKD anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqiu Miao
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengqiu Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuting Li
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingge Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianqian Jin
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaojiao Fan
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyue Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Gu
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiping Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhanjun Jia
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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6
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Koren A, Rijavec M, Krumpestar T, Kern I, Sadikov A, Čufer T, Korošec P. Gene Expression Levels of the Prolyl Hydroxylase Domain Proteins PHD1 and PHD2 but Not PHD3 Are Decreased in Primary Tumours and Correlate with Poor Prognosis of Patients with Surgically Resected Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102309. [PMID: 34065840 PMCID: PMC8150639 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hypoxia correlates with poor prognosis in several cancer types, including lung cancer. Prolyl hydroxylase domain proteins (PHDs) belong to an evolutionarily conserved superfamily of dioxygenases that play a role in cell oxygen sensing and homeostasis. In this study, we evaluated PHD1, PHD2 and PHD3 mRNA expression in 60 NSCLC tumours and compared it to that in normal lungs and evaluated the prognostic significance of these differences for distinguishing the survival of NSCLC patients treated with radical surgery. Our results showed that the mRNA expression PHD1 and PHD2 in NSCLC primary tumours was decreased, which correlated with larger tumour size and poor prognosis of patients. PHD1 also showed borderline independent prognostic value in multivariate analysis. In contrast, we found no associations between PHD3 expression and any of the observed parameters. Our results suggest that loss of PHD1 and PHD2 expression is associated with the development and progression of NSCLC, whereas PHD1 could be further assessed as a prognostic marker in NSCLC. Abstract Background: Hypoxia correlates with poor prognosis in several cancer types, including lung cancer. Prolyl hydroxylase domain proteins (PHDs) play a role in cell oxygen sensing, negatively regulating the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway. Our study aim was to evaluate PHD1, PHD2 and PHD3 mRNA expression levels in primary tumours and normal lungs of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and to correlate it with selected regulators of HIF signalling, with clinicopathological characteristics and overall survival (OS). Methods: Tumour tissue samples were obtained from 60 patients with surgically resected NSCLC who were treated with radical surgery. In 22 out of 60 cases, matching morphologically normal lung tissue was obtained. PHD1, PHD2 and PHD3 mRNA expressions were measured using RT-qPCR. Results: The PHD1 and PHD2 mRNA levels in primary tumours were significantly decreased compared to those in normal lungs (both p < 0.0001). PHD1 and PHD2 expression in tumours was positively correlated (rs = 0.82; p < 0.0001) and correlated well with HIF pathway downstream genes HIF1A, PKM2 and PDK1. Decreased PHD1 and PHD2 were associated with larger tumour size, higher tumour stage (PHD1 only) and squamous cell carcinoma. Patients with low PHD1 and patients with low PHD2 expression had shorter OS than patients with high PHD1 (p = 0.02) and PHD2 expression (p = 0.01). PHD1 showed borderline independent prognostic values in multivariate analysis (p = 0.06). In contrast, we found no associations between PHD3 expression and any of the observed parameters. Conclusions: Our results show that reduced expression of PHD1 and PHD2 is associated with the development and progression of NSCLC. PHD1 could be further assessed as a prognostic marker in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Koren
- University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik, 4204 Golnik, Slovenia; (M.R.); (T.K.); (I.K.); (T.Č.); (P.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-(0)4-25-69-433
| | - Matija Rijavec
- University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik, 4204 Golnik, Slovenia; (M.R.); (T.K.); (I.K.); (T.Č.); (P.K.)
| | - Tomaž Krumpestar
- University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik, 4204 Golnik, Slovenia; (M.R.); (T.K.); (I.K.); (T.Č.); (P.K.)
| | - Izidor Kern
- University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik, 4204 Golnik, Slovenia; (M.R.); (T.K.); (I.K.); (T.Č.); (P.K.)
| | - Aleksander Sadikov
- Faculty of Computer and Information Science, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Tanja Čufer
- University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik, 4204 Golnik, Slovenia; (M.R.); (T.K.); (I.K.); (T.Č.); (P.K.)
- Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Korošec
- University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik, 4204 Golnik, Slovenia; (M.R.); (T.K.); (I.K.); (T.Č.); (P.K.)
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Yu M, Lun J, Zhang H, Zhu L, Zhang G, Fang J. The non-canonical functions of HIF prolyl hydroxylases and their dual roles in cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 135:105982. [PMID: 33894356 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.105982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) are dioxygenases using oxygen and 2-oxoglutarate as co-substrates. Under normoxia, PHDs hydroxylate the conserved prolyl residues of HIFα, leading to HIFα degradation. In hypoxia PHDs are inactivated, which results in HIFα accumulation. The accumulated HIFα enters nucleus and initiates gene transcription. Many studies have shown that PHDs have substrates other than HIFα, implying that they have HIF-independent non-canonical functions. Besides modulating protein stability, the PHDs-mediated prolyl hydroxylation affects protein-protein interaction and protein activity for alternative substrates. Increasing evidence indicates that PHDs also have hydroxylase-independent functions. They influence protein stability, enzyme activity, and protein-protein interaction in a hydroxylase-independent manner. These findings highlight the functional diversity and complexity of PHDs. Due to having inhibitory activity on HIFα, PHDs are proposed to act as tumor suppressors. However, research shows that PHDs exert either tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressing features. Here, we try to summarize the current understanding of PHDs hydroxylase-dependent and -independent functions and their roles in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchao Yu
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Jie Lun
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266061, China.
| | - Jing Fang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266061, China.
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Effect of hnRNPA2/B1 on the proliferation and apoptosis of glioma U251 cells via the regulation of AKT and STAT3 pathways. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:225046. [PMID: 32463472 PMCID: PMC7350891 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common malignant tumor in the human central nervous system. Although heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (hnRNPA2/B1) was previously presumed to be a tumor-promoting gene, the relationship between hnRNPA2/B1 and glioma is unclear. Targeting hnRNPA2/B1 interference in glioma cells can significantly inhibit proliferation and increase apoptosis of human glioma cells in vitro. In a tumor xenograft model, knockdown of hnRNPA2/B1 suppressed tumor growth in glioma cells in vivo. In terms of a mechanism, the knockdown of hnRNPA2/B1 led to inactivation of the AKT and STAT3 signaling pathways, which ultimately reduced the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), CyclinD1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Collectively, these data suggest that the inhibition of hnRNPA2/B1 can reduce the growth of gliomas through STAT3 and AKT signaling pathways, and this inhibition is expected to be a therapeutic target for gliomas.
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Souza E, Cho KH, Harris ST, Flindt NR, Watt RK, Pai AB. Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors: a paradigm shift for treatment of anemia in chronic kidney disease? Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2020; 29:831-844. [PMID: 32476498 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2020.1777276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (HIF-PH) pathway is responsible for regulating the biosynthesis of erythropoietin (EPO) and maintaining iron homeostasis. Investigational drugs that target the HIF-PH pathway are promising alternatives for treating anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). AREAS COVERED This review summarizes recent advances focused on the clinical development of HIF-PH inhibitors (HIF-PHIs) as potentially novel therapies in the treatment of anemia in CKD based on publications available on PubMed and restricted Google searches. We provide a comparison between HIF-PHIs regarding their pharmacokinetics, dosing regimens and safety concerns, structure-activity relationships, and alterations in key laboratory parameters observed in animal models and clinical trials. EXPERT OPINION HIF-PHIs may be advantageous in some aspects compared to the conventional erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs). While ESAs could increase the risk of cardiovascular events due to rapid rises in ESA blood levels, HIF-PHIs have been reported to maintain EPO concentrations at levels that are closer to the normal physiological ranges. Although HIF-PHIs have been demonstrated to be relatively safe and effective in clinical trials, long-term safety data are needed in order to establish whether these therapeutic agents will lead to a major paradigm change in the treatment of anemia of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernane Souza
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Katherine H Cho
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shelby T Harris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University , Provo, UT, USA
| | - Naomi R Flindt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University , Provo, UT, USA
| | - Richard K Watt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University , Provo, UT, USA
| | - Amy Barton Pai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Babosova O, Kapralova K, Raskova Kafkova L, Korinek V, Divoky V, Prchal JT, Lanikova L. Iron chelation and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase inhibition suppress mantle cell lymphoma's cyclin D1. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:7785-7795. [PMID: 31517438 PMCID: PMC6815829 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) have translocation t(11;14) associated with cyclin D1 overexpression. We observed that iron (an essential cofactor of dioxygenases including prolyl hydroxylases [PHDs]) depletion by deferoxamine blocked MCL cells' proliferation, increased expression of DNA damage marker γH2AX, induced cell cycle arrest and decreased cyclin D1 level. Treatment of MCL cell lines with dimethyloxalylglycine, which blocks dioxygenases involving PHDs by competing with their substrate 2-oxoglutarate, leads to their decreased proliferation and the decrease of cyclin D1 level. We then postulated that loss of EGLN2/PHD1 in MCL cells may lead to down-regulation of cyclin D1 by blocking the degradation of FOXO3A, a cyclin D1 suppressor. However, the CRISPR/Cas9-based loss-of-function of EGLN2/PHD1 did not affect cyclin D1 expression and the loss of FOXO3A did not restore cyclin D1 levels after iron chelation. These data suggest that expression of cyclin D1 in MCL is not controlled by ENGL2/PHD1-FOXO3A pathway and that chelation- and 2-oxoglutarate competition-mediated down-regulation of cyclin D1 in MCL cells is driven by yet unknown mechanism involving iron- and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases other than PHD1. These data support further exploration of the use of iron chelation and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase inhibitors as a novel therapy of MCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Babosova
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Kapralova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Division of Hematology & Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine and VAH, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Leona Raskova Kafkova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Korinek
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Divoky
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Josef T Prchal
- Division of Hematology & Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine and VAH, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Lucie Lanikova
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Division of Hematology & Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine and VAH, Salt Lake City, Utah
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11
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Zhang S, Zhu K, Zhang Z, Wang H, Wang X. Association between an indel polymorphism within the distal promoter of EGLN2 and cancer risk: An updated meta-analysis. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e00936. [PMID: 31414584 PMCID: PMC6785434 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The association between a 4‐bp indel polymorphism (rs10680577) within the distal promoter of EGLN2 and cancer risk has been investigated by several case–control studies in recent years, but investigation results were inconsistent. Thus, a systematic assessment of the association was performed based on a literature review and pooled analysis. Methods Two investigators independently retrieved relevant studies from PubMed, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Embase, and Google Scholar. The fixed or random effects model was selected to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) based on heterogeneity level. All analyses including heterogeneity assessment, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias assessment were performed using RevMan 5.3 software and Stata 12.0 software. Results A total of six relevant studies with 3,406 cases and 5,147 controls were included in the final analysis. The overall pooled analysis showed that EGLN2 rs10680577 polymorphism was significantly associated with cancer risk under all genetic models. However, subgroup analysis based on cancer type showed that the polymorphism was significantly associated with the risk of digestive system cancer under all genetic models, and with the risk of lung cancer under dominant model, heterozygote comparison model, and allele comparison model. Subgroup analysis based on population sources showed a significant association in Chinese population under all genetic models. Conclusion The present result suggests that EGLN2 rs10680577 polymorphism is associated with cancer risk, and may act as a promising predictive biomarker for cancer risk, especially in Chinese population. However, further well‐designed studies are warranted to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Xuhui District Central Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaihua Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Xuhui District Central Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuoliang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Xuhui District Central Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xuhui District Central Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xuhui District Central Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
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12
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Zhang R, Lai L, He J, Chen C, You D, Duan W, Dong X, Zhu Y, Lin L, Shen S, Guo Y, Su L, Shafer A, Moran S, Fleischer T, Bjaanæs MM, Karlsson A, Planck M, Staaf J, Helland Å, Esteller M, Wei Y, Chen F, Christiani DC. EGLN2 DNA methylation and expression interact with HIF1A to affect survival of early-stage NSCLC. Epigenetics 2019; 14:118-129. [PMID: 30665327 PMCID: PMC6557590 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2019.1573066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia occurs frequently in human cancers and promotes stabilization and activation of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF). HIF-1α is specific for the hypoxia response, and its degradation mediated by three enzymes EGLN1, EGLN2 and EGLN3. Although EGLNs expression has been found to be related to prognosis of many cancers, few studies examined DNA methylation in EGLNs and its relationship to prognosis of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We analyzed EGLNs DNA methylation data from tumor tissue samples of 1,230 early-stage NSCLC patients, as well as gene expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The sliding windows sequential forward feature selection method and weighted random forest were used to screen out the candidate CpG probes in lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinomas patients, respectively, in both discovery and validation phases. Then Cox regression was performed to evaluate the association between DNA methylation and overall survival. Among the 34 CpG probes in EGLNs, DNA methylation at cg25923056EGLN2 was identified to be significantly associated with LUAD survival (HR = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01-1.03, P = 9.90 × 10-5), and correlated with EGLN2 expression (r = - 0.36, P = 1.52 × 10-11). Meanwhile, EGLN2 expression was negatively correlated with HIF1A expression in tumor tissues (r = - 0.30, P = 4.78 × 10-8) and significantly (P = 0.037) interacted with HIF1A expression on overall survival. Therefore, DNA methylation of EGLN2- HIF1A is a potential marker for LUAD prognosis and these genes are potential treatment targets for further development of HIF-1α inhibitors in lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyang Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linjing Lai
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jieyu He
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongfang You
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiwei Duan
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuesi Dong
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lijuan Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sipeng Shen
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yichen Guo
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Li Su
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Andrea Shafer
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sebastian Moran
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute and University of Barcelona and Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Thomas Fleischer
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria Moksnes Bjaanæs
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Karlsson
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund and CREATE Health Strategic Center for Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Lund, Skåne, Sweden
| | - Maria Planck
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund and CREATE Health Strategic Center for Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Lund, Skåne, Sweden
| | - Johan Staaf
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund and CREATE Health Strategic Center for Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Lund, Skåne, Sweden
| | - Åslaug Helland
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Manel Esteller
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute and University of Barcelona and Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Yongyue Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - David C. Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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13
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Park J, Jang JH, Kim JH. Mediatory role of BLT2 in the proliferation of KRAS mutant colorectal cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1866:329-336. [PMID: 30553812 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory lipid mediators play various roles in colorectal cancer progression through complex pathways. However, the mechanism by which lipoxygenase-derived inflammatory lipid mediators contribute to colorectal cancer progression remains elusive. In this study, we found that BLT2, a cell surface GPCR for leukotriene B4 and 12‑hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, is highly upregulated in KRAS mutant LOVO and SW480 colorectal cancer cells and plays critical roles in mediating proliferation through activation of phosphatidylinositol 3‑kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) and subsequent upregulation of cyclin D1. Exposure to BLT2 siRNA or LY255283, a specific BLT2 inhibitor, clearly suppressed the proliferation of KRAS mutant colorectal cancer cells and markedly increased cell cycle arrest by downregulating the PI3K/Akt-cyclin D1 cascade. Xenograft tumor formation by LOVO and SW480 cells in athymic mice was also substantially reduced by treatment with the BLT2 inhibitor in vivo. Together, our study demonstrates that BLT2 is necessary for the proliferation of LOVO and SW480 cells and thus may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of KRAS mutant colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- JaeIn Park
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Jang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Chang YC, Fong Y, Tsai EM, Chang YG, Chou HL, Wu CY, Teng YN, Liu TC, Yuan SS, Chiu CC. Exogenous C₈-Ceramide Induces Apoptosis by Overproduction of ROS and the Switch of Superoxide Dismutases SOD1 to SOD2 in Human Lung Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103010. [PMID: 30279365 PMCID: PMC6213533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ceramides, abundant sphingolipids on the cell membrane, can act as signaling molecules to regulate cellular functions including cell viability. Exogenous ceramide has been shown to exert potent anti-proliferative effects against cancer cells, but little is known about how it affects reactive oxygen species (ROS) in lung cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of N-octanoyl-D-erythro-sphingosine (C₈-ceramide) on human non-small-cell lung cancer H1299 cells. Flow cytometry-based assays indicated that C₈-ceramide increased the level of endogenous ROS in H1299 cells. Interestingly, the ratio of superoxide dismutases (SODs) SOD1 and SOD2 seem to be regulated by C₈-ceramide treatment. Furthermore, the accumulation of cell cycle G1 phase and apoptotic populations in C₈-ceramide-treated H1299 cells was observed. The results of the Western blot showed that C₈-ceramide causes a dramatically increased protein level of cyclin D1, a critical regulator of cell cycle G1/S transition. These results suggest that C₈-ceramide acts as a potent chemotherapeutic agent and may increase the endogenous ROS level by regulating the switch of SOD1 and SOD2, causing the anti-proliferation, and consequently triggering the apoptosis of NSCLC H1299 cells. Accordingly, our works may give a promising strategy for lung cancer treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli C Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Yao Fong
- Chest Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Yung Kang City, Tainan 901, Taiwan.
| | - Eing-Mei Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Gin Chang
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Han Lin Chou
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Chang-Yi Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan;.
| | - Yen-Ni Teng
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan 700, Taiwan.
| | - Ta-Chih Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Shyng-Shiou Yuan
- Translational Research Center, Cancer Center, Department of Medical Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Chih Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan;.
- Translational Research Center, Cancer Center, Department of Medical Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Environment Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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15
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Zhang W, Lu Y, Li X, Zhang J, Zheng L, Zhang W, Lin C, Lin W, Li X. CDCA3 promotes cell proliferation by activating the NF-κB/cyclin D1 signaling pathway in colorectal cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 500:196-203. [PMID: 29627567 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell division cycle associated 3 (CDCA3) is required for mitotic entry, and mediates the degradation of the inhibitory kinase Wee1. New evidence suggests CDCA3 plays a role in tumor promotion. However, little is known about the relevance of CDCA3 in colorectal cancer(CRC), especially in the regulation of NF-κB activity. In this study, we found that colorectal tumors significantly expressed more CDCA3 than non-cancer tissues. In addition, CDCA3 promoted CRC cell proliferation in vitro. Furthermore, downregulation of CDCA3 not only induced cell cycle arrest but also facilitated apoptosis. Mechanistically, CDCA3 activates the NF-κB signaling pathway by interacting with TRAF2 in CRC. Together, these results define a tumor-supportive role for CDCA3, which may also provide a new promising strategy for treating CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanxia Lu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun Lin
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weihao Lin
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuenong Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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16
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Kennel KB, Burmeister J, Schneider M, Taylor CT. The PHD1 oxygen sensor in health and disease. J Physiol 2018; 596:3899-3913. [PMID: 29435987 DOI: 10.1113/jp275327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) co-ordinates the adaptive transcriptional response to hypoxia in metazoan cells. The hypoxic sensitivity of HIF is conferred by a family of oxygen-sensing enzymes termed HIF hydroxylases. This family consists of three prolyl hydroxylases (PHD1-3) and a single asparagine hydroxylase termed factor inhibiting HIF (FIH). It has recently become clear that HIF hydroxylases are functionally non-redundant and have discrete but overlapping physiological roles. Furthermore, altered abundance or activity of these enzymes is associated with a number of pathologies. Pharmacological HIF-hydroxylase inhibitors have recently proven to be both tolerated and therapeutically effective in patients. In this review, we focus on the physiology, pathophysiology and therapeutic potential of the PHD1 isoform, which has recently been implicated in diseases including inflammatory bowel disease, ischaemia and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian B Kennel
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julius Burmeister
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Schneider
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cormac T Taylor
- UCD Conway Institute & School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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17
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Xiang J, Hu Q, Qin Y, Ji S, Xu W, Liu W, Shi S, Liang C, Liu J, Meng Q, Liang D, Ni Q, Xu J, Zhang B, Yu X. TCF7L2 positively regulates aerobic glycolysis via the EGLN2/HIF-1α axis and indicates prognosis in pancreatic cancer. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:321. [PMID: 29476053 PMCID: PMC5833500 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0367-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma have much worse prognoses, and much effort has been directed toward understanding the molecular biological aspects of this disease. Accumulated evidence suggests that constitutive activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling contributes to the oncogenesis and progression of pancreatic cancer. Transcription factor 7-like2/transcription factor 4 (TCF7L2/TCF4), a β-catenin transcriptional partner, plays a vital role in the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. In the present study, we investigated the clinicopathological significance of TCF7L2 in pancreatic cancer. Our results demonstrated that patients with higher TCF7L2 expression had worse prognosis. Our in vitro studies demonstrated that TCF7L2 positively regulated aerobic glycolysis by suppressing Egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 2 (EGLN2), leading to upregulation of hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha subunit (HIF-1α). The impact of TCF7L2 on aerobic glycolysis was further confirmed in vivo by assessing 18FDG uptake in pancreatic cancer patients and in a subcutaneous xenograft mouse model. In summary, we identified novel predictive markers for prognosis and suggest a previously unrecognized role for TCF7L2 in control of aerobic glycolysis in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Xiang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiangsheng Hu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Shunrong Ji
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyan Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Wensheng Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingcai Meng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingkong Liang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Quanxing Ni
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200032, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China. .,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, 200032, Shanghai, China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200032, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China. .,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, 200032, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200032, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China. .,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, 200032, Shanghai, China.
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18
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Ramu A, Kathiresan S, Ramadoss H, Nallu A, Kaliyan R, Azamuthu T. Gramine attenuates EGFR-mediated inflammation and cell proliferation in oral carcinogenesis via regulation of NF-κB and STAT3 signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 98:523-530. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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19
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Ullah K, Rosendahl AH, Izzi V, Bergmann U, Pihlajaniemi T, Mäki JM, Myllyharju J. Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl-4-hydroxylase-1 is a convergent point in the reciprocal negative regulation of NF-κB and p53 signaling pathways. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17220. [PMID: 29222481 PMCID: PMC5722952 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17376-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) induces the expression of several hundred genes in hypoxia aiming at restoration of oxygen homeostasis. HIF prolyl-4-hydroxylases (HIF-P4Hs) regulate the stability of HIF1α in an oxygen-dependent manner. Hypoxia is a common feature in inflammation and cancer and the HIF pathway is closely linked with the inflammatory NF-κB and tumor suppressor p53 pathways. Here we show that genetic inactivation or chemical inhibition of HIF-P4H-1 leads to downregulation of proinflammatory genes, while proapoptotic genes are upregulated. HIF-P4H-1 inactivation reduces the inflammatory response under LPS stimulus in vitro and in an acute skin inflammation model in vivo. Furthermore, HIF-P4H-1 inactivation increases p53 activity and stability and hydroxylation of proline 142 in p53 has an important role in this regulation. Altogether, our data suggest that HIF-P4H-1 inhibition may be a promising therapeutic candidate for inflammatory diseases and cancer, enhancing the reciprocal negative regulation of the NF-κB and p53 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Ullah
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, FIN-90014, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, FIN-90014, Finland.,Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, FIN-90014, Finland
| | - Ann-Helen Rosendahl
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, FIN-90014, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, FIN-90014, Finland.,Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, FIN-90014, Finland
| | - Valerio Izzi
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, FIN-90014, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, FIN-90014, Finland.,Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, FIN-90014, Finland
| | - Ulrich Bergmann
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, FIN-90014, Finland
| | - Taina Pihlajaniemi
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, FIN-90014, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, FIN-90014, Finland.,Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, FIN-90014, Finland
| | - Joni M Mäki
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, FIN-90014, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, FIN-90014, Finland.,Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, FIN-90014, Finland
| | - Johanna Myllyharju
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, FIN-90014, Finland. .,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, FIN-90014, Finland. .,Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, FIN-90014, Finland.
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20
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D'Ignazio L, Batie M, Rocha S. Hypoxia and Inflammation in Cancer, Focus on HIF and NF-κB. Biomedicines 2017; 5:E21. [PMID: 28536364 PMCID: PMC5489807 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines5020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is often characterised by the presence of hypoxia and inflammation. Paramount to the mechanisms controlling cellular responses under such stress stimuli, are the transcription factor families of Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) and Nuclear Factor of κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). Although, a detailed understating of how these transcription factors respond to their cognate stimulus is well established, it is now appreciated that HIF and NF-κB undergo extensive crosstalk, in particular in pathological situations such as cancer. Here, we focus on the current knowledge on how HIF is activated by inflammation and how NF-κB is modulated by hypoxia. We summarise the evidence for the possible mechanism behind this activation and how HIF and NF-κB function impacts cancer, focusing on colorectal, breast and lung cancer. We discuss possible new points of therapeutic intervention aiming to harness the current understanding of the HIF-NF-κB crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D'Ignazio
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD15EH, UK.
| | - Michael Batie
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD15EH, UK.
| | - Sonia Rocha
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD15EH, UK.
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21
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Wang X, Zhang Y, Nilsson CL, Berven FS, Andrén PE, Carlsohn E, Horvatovich P, Malm J, Fuentes M, Végvári Á, Welinder C, Fehniger TE, Rezeli M, Edula G, Hober S, Nishimura T, Marko-Varga G. Association of chromosome 19 to lung cancer genotypes and phenotypes. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2016; 34:217-26. [PMID: 25982285 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-015-9556-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The Chromosome 19 Consortium, a part of the Chromosome-Centric Human Proteome Project (C-HPP, http://www.C-HPP.org ), is tasked with the understanding chromosome 19 functions at the gene and protein levels, as well as their roles in lung oncogenesis. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) studies revealed chromosome aberration in lung cancer subtypes, including ADC, SCC, LCC, and SCLC. The most common abnormality is 19p loss and 19q gain. Sixty-four aberrant genes identified in previous genomic studies and their encoded protein functions were further validated in the neXtProt database ( http://www.nextprot.org/ ). Among those, the loss of tumor suppressor genes STK11, MUM1, KISS1R (19p13.3), and BRG1 (19p13.13) is associated with lung oncogenesis or remote metastasis. Gene aberrations include translocation t(15, 19) (q13, p13.1) fusion oncogene BRD4-NUT, DNA repair genes (ERCC1, ERCC2, XRCC1), TGFβ1 pathway activation genes (TGFB1, LTBP4), Dyrk1B, and potential oncogenesis protector genes such as NFkB pathway inhibition genes (NFKBIB, PPP1R13L) and EGLN2. In conclusion, neXtProt is an effective resource for the validation of gene aberrations identified in genomic studies. It promises to enhance our understanding of lung cancer oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Wang
- Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,
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22
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Tao Y, Lin F, Li R, Shen J, Wang Z. Prolyl hydroxylase-2 inhibits liver tumor cell proliferation and cyclin D1 expression in a hydroxylase-dependent manner. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 77:129-140. [PMID: 27307407 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Prolyl hydroxylase 2 is a key regulator of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha protein, and has previously been implicated as a tumor suppressor in various cancers. However, the function of prolyl hydroxylase 2 in liver cancer has yet to be elucidated. Characterization of prolyl hydroxylase 2 function and related mechanisms in liver cancer may enable the development of targeted therapy. Here we found that prolyl hydroxylase 2 overexpression in human hepatocellular carcinoma cancer cell lines inhibited cell proliferation, while prolyl hydroxylase 2 knockdown enhanced cell proliferation. Further analyses revealed that the prolyl hydroxylase 2-mediated inhibition of cell proliferation was due to a cell cycle arrest at the G1/S transition. Moreover, the block in cell cycle was facilitated by negative regulation of cyclin D1, a process dependent on the hydroxylase activity of prolyl hydroxylase 2. Using an in vivo xenograft mouse model, we found that the overexpression of prolyl hydroxylase 2 led to a reduction in tumor size. Evaluation of paired human liver cancer patient samples revealed that prolyl hydroxylase 2 protein levels were significantly reduced in 6 of the 10 cancer tissues as compared to their respective normal tissue controls. Furthermore, elevated expression of prolyl hydroxylase 2 was associated with significantly prolonged survival in patients with liver cancer. These results suggest that prolyl hydroxylase 2 plays an important tumor suppressive role in liver cancer and may prove to be of prognostic and therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Tao
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318020, China
| | - Ruidong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318020, China.
| | - Zhengxin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
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23
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D'Ignazio L, Rocha S. Hypoxia Induced NF-κB. Cells 2016; 5:cells5010010. [PMID: 27005664 PMCID: PMC4810095 DOI: 10.3390/cells5010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) is a major transcription factor responding to cellular stress, it is perhaps not surprising that is activated by hypoxia, or decreased oxygen availability. However, how NF-κB becomes activated in hypoxia is still not completely understood. Several mechanisms have been proposed and this review will focus on the main findings highlighting the molecules that have been identified in the process of hypoxia induced NF-κB. In addition, we will discuss the role of NF-κB in the control of the cellular response to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D'Ignazio
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.
| | - Sonia Rocha
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.
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24
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Zhen L, Shijie N, Shuijun Z. Tumor PHD2 expression is correlated with clinical features and prognosis of patients with HCC receiving liver resection. Medicine (Baltimore) 2014; 93:e179. [PMID: 25546659 PMCID: PMC4602600 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 (PHD2) in carcinogenesis has been studied in a variety of cancer types. However, the association between PHD2 and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been documented. A total of 220 patients with primary HCC who underwent a curative liver resection were enrolled in this study. The tumor samples were obtained during the surgical procedure from each patient for PHD2 immunohistological staining. All the patients were followed up and the disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated. We found that that high PHD2 expression was significantly associated with higher stage (stages III + IV) (odds ratio [OR] = 5.576, P < 0.001), larger tumor size (> 5 cm) (OR = 6.176, P < 0.001), poorer tumor differentiation (OR = 1.424, P = 0.003), and higher serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) level (OR = 6.861, P < 0.001). Compared to those with high PHD2 expressions, patients with low PHD2 expression had significantly longer DFS and OS periods (both P < 0.001). Cox regression analyses revealed that higher levels of PHD2, tumor size, tumor stage, as well as serum AFP level were predictors for a worse prognosis in patients with HCC. PHD2 expression in the tumors is associated with the clinical features and prognosis of patients with HCC; it may be used as a histological marker for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhen
- From the Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery (LZ); Department of Vascular Surgery (NS); and Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery (ZS), The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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