1
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Adashek JJ, Brodsky M, Levis MJ. Complete morphologic response to gilteritinib in ALK-rearranged acute myeloid leukemia. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:197. [PMID: 39256524 PMCID: PMC11387604 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-024-00701-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The cytogenetic abnormality inv(2)(p23q13) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) results in a fusion of RANBP2 with ALK. This fusion makes ALK constitutively active and acts as a driver for the proliferation of AML cell lines. Gilteritinib, a FLT3 inhibitor approved in AML, also can inhibit ALK among other receptor tyrosine kinases. A 75-year-old-woman with a history of essential thrombocythemia (ET) and a presumed germline DDX41 mutation developed ALK-fusion positive AML and despite standard therapies was transfusion-dependent and globally declining. The patient has been on gilteritinib with an ongoing response of more than one year with near normal blood counts and no evidence of AML. The fact that she was found to harbor a presumed germline DDX41 alteration may account for why she developed, and yet survived, two myeloid neoplasms (ET and AML). Additionally, this demonstrates that gilteritinib is clinically active as an ALK inhibitor, and could be considered for use in any AML patient presenting with an inv(2(p23q13)) translocation. Finally, it is an example of using a disease-agnostic, precision medicine approach to arrive at a beneficial treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J Adashek
- START Center for Cancer Research - San Antonio, San Antonio, USA.
| | - Max Brodsky
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark J Levis
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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2
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Shekar M, Llaurador Caraballo G, Punia JN, Curry CV, Fisher KE, Redell MS. ALK Fusion in an Adolescent with Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1842. [PMID: 37509482 PMCID: PMC10377196 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating mutations and fusions of the ALK oncogene have been identified as drivers in a number of malignancies. Crizotinib and subsequent ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors have improved treatment outcomes for these patients. In this paper, we discuss the case of an adolescent patient with acute myeloid leukemia, who was identified to have an activating ALK fusion, which is a rare finding and has never been reported in cases of AML without monosomy 7. Crizotinib was added to this patient's frontline therapy and was well tolerated. In cases of more common gene alterations, existing data supports the use of targeted agents as post-HSCT maintenance therapy; however, crizotinib was not able to be used post-HSCT for this patient due to the inability to obtain insurance coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Shekar
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gabriela Llaurador Caraballo
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jyotinder N Punia
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Choladda V Curry
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kevin E Fisher
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michele S Redell
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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3
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Manselle MK, Ries RE, Hylkema T, Leonti A, Kirkey DC, Furlan SN, Meshinchi S. Functional consequence and therapeutic targeting of cryptic ALK fusions in monosomy 7 acute myeloid leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2023; 70:e30180. [PMID: 36720638 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients have a wide array of cytogenetic and molecular aberrations, which can influence response to therapy. Monosomy 7 is a rare subset within pediatric AML (prevalence of <2%) that is highly associated with poor outcomes. Fusions involving the anaplastic tyrosine kinase (ALK) gene were exclusively identified in 14.3% of this high-risk cohort, while absent across all other AML. Given the dismal outcomes of monosomy 7, we evaluated the use of crizotinib, an FDA-approved tyrosine kinase inhibitor, used to treat patients with ALK fusions. Our findings suggest that crizotinib may serve as a novel therapy for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makia K Manselle
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Clinical Research Division, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rhonda E Ries
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Tiffany Hylkema
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Amanda Leonti
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Danielle C Kirkey
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Clinical Research Division, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Scott N Furlan
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Soheil Meshinchi
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Clinical Research Division, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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4
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Hergott CB, Dal Cin P, Hornick JL, Winer ES, Carrasco RD, Kim AS. Characteristic nuclear membrane ALK reactivity in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia with RANBP2-ALK fusion. Am J Hematol 2023; 98:365-367. [PMID: 33491794 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paola Dal Cin
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jason L Hornick
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric S Winer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ruben D Carrasco
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Annette S Kim
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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5
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The SUMO Pathway in Hematomalignancies and Their Response to Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163895. [PMID: 31405039 PMCID: PMC6721055 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMO (Small Ubiquitin-related MOdifier) is a post-translational modifier of the ubiquitin family controlling the function and fate of thousands of proteins. SUMOylation is deregulated in various hematological malignancies, where it participates in both tumorigenesis and cancer cell response to therapies. This is the case for Acute Promyelocytic Leukemias (APL) where SUMOylation, and subsequent destruction, of the PML-RARα fusion oncoprotein are triggered by arsenic trioxide, which is used as front-line therapy in combination with retinoic acid to cure APL patients. A similar arsenic-induced SUMO-dependent degradation was also documented for Tax, a human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV1) viral protein implicated in Adult T-cell Leukemogenesis. SUMOylation also participates in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) response to both chemo- and differentiation therapies, in particular through its ability to regulate gene expression. In Multiple Myeloma, many enzymes of the SUMO pathway are overexpressed and their high expression correlates with lower response to melphalan-based chemotherapies. B-cell lymphomas overexpressing the c-Myc oncogene also overexpress most components of the SUMO pathway and are highly sensitive to SUMOylation inhibition. Targeting the SUMO pathway with recently discovered pharmacological inhibitors, alone or in combination with current therapies, might therefore constitute a powerful strategy to improve the treatment of these cancers.
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Niemeyer CM. JMML genomics and decisions. HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2018; 2018:307-312. [PMID: 30504325 PMCID: PMC6245977 DOI: 10.1182/asheducation-2018.1.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is a unique clonal hematopoietic disorder of early childhood characterized by hyperactivation of the RAS signal transduction pathway. Approximately 90% of patients harbor molecular alteration in 1 of 5 genes (PTPN11, NRAS, KRAS, NF1, CBL), which define genetically and clinically distinct JMML subtypes. Three subtypes, PTPN11- , NRAS-, and KRAS-mutated JMML, are characterized by heterozygous somatic gain-of-function mutations in non syndromic children, while two subtypes, JMML in neurofibromatosis type 1 and in JMML in children with CBL syndrome, are characterized by germ line RAS disease and acquired biallelic inactivation of the respective tumor suppressor genes in hematopoietic cells. In addition to the initiating RAS pathway lesion, secondary genetic alterations within and outside of the RAS pathway are detected in about half the patients. Most recently, genome-wide DNA methylation profiles identified distinct methylation signatures correlating with clinical and genetic features and highly predictive of outcome. JMML is a stem cell disorder, and most JMML patients require allogeneic stem cell transplantation for long-term survival. However, spontaneous disease regression is noted in the majority of children with CBL-mutated JMML and in some NRAS-mutated cases. In the absence of 1 of the 5 canonical RAS pathway alteration, rare mutations in other RAS genes and non-JMML myeloproliferative disorders need to be excluded. Understanding the genetic basis of myeloproliferative disorders in early childhood will greatly improve clinical decision making.
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MESH Headings
- Allografts
- Child
- DNA Methylation
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- DNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Decision Making
- Genome-Wide Association Study
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Juvenile/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Juvenile/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Juvenile/pathology
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Juvenile/therapy
- Mutation
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Stem Cell Transplantation
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte M Niemeyer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Children's Hospital, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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7
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Nelson KN, Peiris MN, Meyer AN, Siari A, Donoghue DJ. Receptor Tyrosine Kinases: Translocation Partners in Hematopoietic Disorders. Trends Mol Med 2016; 23:59-79. [PMID: 27988109 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) activate various signaling pathways and regulate cellular proliferation, survival, migration, and angiogenesis. Malignant neoplasms often circumvent or subjugate these pathways by promoting RTK overactivation through mutation or chromosomal translocation. RTK translocations create a fusion protein containing a dimerizing partner fused to an RTK kinase domain, resulting in constitutive kinase domain activation, altered RTK cellular localization, upregulation of downstream signaling, and novel pathway activation. While RTK translocations in hematological malignancies are relatively rare, clinical evidence suggests that patients with these genetic abnormalities benefit from RTK-targeted inhibitors. Here, we present a timely review of an exciting field by examining RTK chromosomal translocations in hematological cancers, such as Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK), Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR), Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor (PDGFR), REarranged during Transfection (RET), Colony Stimulating Factor 1 Receptor (CSF1R), and Neurotrophic Tyrosine Kinase Receptor Type 3 (NTRK3) fusions, and discuss current therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn N Nelson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Malalage N Peiris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - April N Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Asma Siari
- Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Daniel J Donoghue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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8
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Crizotinib treatment for refractory pediatric acute myeloid leukemia with RAN-binding protein 2-anaplastic lymphoma kinase fusion gene. Blood Cancer J 2016; 6:e456. [PMID: 27494825 PMCID: PMC5022176 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2016.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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9
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Nucleoporin genes in human diseases. Eur J Hum Genet 2016; 24:1388-95. [PMID: 27071718 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2016.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are large channels spanning the nuclear envelope that mediate nucleocytoplasmic transport. They are composed of multiple copies of ~30 proteins termed nucleoporins (NUPs). Alterations in NUP genes are linked to several human neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases. This review focuses on NUPs, their genes, localization, function in the NPC and involvement in human diseases.
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10
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Qiu F, Gu Y, Wang T, Gao Y, Li X, Gao X, Cheng S. Quantification and pharmacokinetics of crizotinib in rats by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 30:962-8. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qiu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Capital Medical University; Beijing 100069 China
| | - Yanan Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Capital Medical University; Beijing 100069 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer and Metastasis Research; Capital Medical University; Beijing 100069 China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Capital Medical University; Beijing 100069 China
| | - Yingying Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Capital Medical University; Beijing 100069 China
| | - Xiao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Capital Medical University; Beijing 100069 China
| | - Xiangyu Gao
- Beijing Cancer Hospital and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery; Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute; Beijing 100142 China
| | - Shan Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Capital Medical University; Beijing 100069 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer and Metastasis Research; Capital Medical University; Beijing 100069 China
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