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Panou V, Gadiraju M, Wolin A, Weipert CM, Skarda E, Husain AN, Patel JD, Rose B, Zhang SR, Weatherly M, Nelakuditi V, Knight Johnson A, Helgeson M, Fischer D, Desai A, Sulai N, Ritterhouse L, Røe OD, Turaga KK, Huo D, Segal J, Kadri S, Li Z, Kindler HL, Churpek JE. Frequency of Germline Mutations in Cancer Susceptibility Genes in Malignant Mesothelioma. J Clin Oncol 2018; 36:2863-2871. [PMID: 30113886 PMCID: PMC6804864 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2018.78.5204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the current study was to determine the prevalence and clinical predictors of germline cancer susceptibility mutations in patients with malignant mesothelioma (MM). METHODS We performed targeted capture and next-generation sequencing of 85 cancer susceptibility genes on germline DNA from 198 patients with pleural, peritoneal, and tunica vaginalis MM. RESULTS Twenty-four germline mutations were identified in 13 genes in 23 (12%) of 198 patients. BAP1 mutations were the most common (n = 6; 25%). The remaining were in genes involved in DNA damage sensing and repair (n = 14), oxygen sensing (n = 2), endosome trafficking (n = 1), and cell growth (n = 1). Pleural site (odds ratio [OR], 0.23; 95% CI, 0.10 to 0.58; P < .01), asbestos exposure (OR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.11 to 0.72; P < .01), and older age (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.92 to 0.99; P = .01) were associated with decreased odds of carrying a germline mutation, whereas having a second cancer diagnosis (OR, 3.33; 95% CI, 1.22 to 9.07; P = .02) significantly increased the odds. The odds of carrying a mutation in BAP1 (OR, 1,658; 95% CI, 199 to 76,224; P < .001), BRCA2 (OR, 5; 95% CI, 1.0 to 14.7; P = .03), CDKN2A (OR, 53; 95% CI, 6 to 249; P < .001), TMEM127 (OR, 88; 95% CI, 1.7 to 1,105; P = .01), VHL (OR, 51; 95% CI, 1.1 to 453; P = .02), and WT1 (OR, 20; 95% CI, 0.5 to 135; P = .049) were significantly higher in MM cases than in a noncancer control population. Tumor sequencing identified mutations in a homologous recombination pathway gene in 52% (n = 29 of 54). CONCLUSION A significant proportion of patients with MM carry germline mutations in cancer susceptibility genes, especially those with peritoneal MM, minimal asbestos exposure, young age, and a second cancer diagnosis. These data support clinical germline genetic testing for patients with MM and provide a rationale for additional investigation of the homologous recombination pathway in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Panou
- Vasiliki Panou and Oluf D. Røe, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Meghana Gadiraju, Arthur Wolin, Caroline M. Weipert, Emily Skarda, Aliya N. Husain, Jyoti D. Patel, Buerkley Rose, Shannon R. Zhang, Madison Weatherly, Viswateja Nelakuditi, Amy Knight Johnson, Maria Helgeson, David Fischer, Arpita Desai, Nanna Sulai, Lauren Ritterhouse, Kiran K. Turaga, Dezheng Huo, Jeremy Segal, Sabah Kadri, Zejuan Li, Hedy L. Kindler, and Jane E. Churpek, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Oluf D. Røe, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger; and Oluf D. Røe, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Meghana Gadiraju
- Vasiliki Panou and Oluf D. Røe, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Meghana Gadiraju, Arthur Wolin, Caroline M. Weipert, Emily Skarda, Aliya N. Husain, Jyoti D. Patel, Buerkley Rose, Shannon R. Zhang, Madison Weatherly, Viswateja Nelakuditi, Amy Knight Johnson, Maria Helgeson, David Fischer, Arpita Desai, Nanna Sulai, Lauren Ritterhouse, Kiran K. Turaga, Dezheng Huo, Jeremy Segal, Sabah Kadri, Zejuan Li, Hedy L. Kindler, and Jane E. Churpek, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Oluf D. Røe, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger; and Oluf D. Røe, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Arthur Wolin
- Vasiliki Panou and Oluf D. Røe, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Meghana Gadiraju, Arthur Wolin, Caroline M. Weipert, Emily Skarda, Aliya N. Husain, Jyoti D. Patel, Buerkley Rose, Shannon R. Zhang, Madison Weatherly, Viswateja Nelakuditi, Amy Knight Johnson, Maria Helgeson, David Fischer, Arpita Desai, Nanna Sulai, Lauren Ritterhouse, Kiran K. Turaga, Dezheng Huo, Jeremy Segal, Sabah Kadri, Zejuan Li, Hedy L. Kindler, and Jane E. Churpek, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Oluf D. Røe, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger; and Oluf D. Røe, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Caroline M. Weipert
- Vasiliki Panou and Oluf D. Røe, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Meghana Gadiraju, Arthur Wolin, Caroline M. Weipert, Emily Skarda, Aliya N. Husain, Jyoti D. Patel, Buerkley Rose, Shannon R. Zhang, Madison Weatherly, Viswateja Nelakuditi, Amy Knight Johnson, Maria Helgeson, David Fischer, Arpita Desai, Nanna Sulai, Lauren Ritterhouse, Kiran K. Turaga, Dezheng Huo, Jeremy Segal, Sabah Kadri, Zejuan Li, Hedy L. Kindler, and Jane E. Churpek, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Oluf D. Røe, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger; and Oluf D. Røe, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Emily Skarda
- Vasiliki Panou and Oluf D. Røe, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Meghana Gadiraju, Arthur Wolin, Caroline M. Weipert, Emily Skarda, Aliya N. Husain, Jyoti D. Patel, Buerkley Rose, Shannon R. Zhang, Madison Weatherly, Viswateja Nelakuditi, Amy Knight Johnson, Maria Helgeson, David Fischer, Arpita Desai, Nanna Sulai, Lauren Ritterhouse, Kiran K. Turaga, Dezheng Huo, Jeremy Segal, Sabah Kadri, Zejuan Li, Hedy L. Kindler, and Jane E. Churpek, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Oluf D. Røe, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger; and Oluf D. Røe, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Aliya N. Husain
- Vasiliki Panou and Oluf D. Røe, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Meghana Gadiraju, Arthur Wolin, Caroline M. Weipert, Emily Skarda, Aliya N. Husain, Jyoti D. Patel, Buerkley Rose, Shannon R. Zhang, Madison Weatherly, Viswateja Nelakuditi, Amy Knight Johnson, Maria Helgeson, David Fischer, Arpita Desai, Nanna Sulai, Lauren Ritterhouse, Kiran K. Turaga, Dezheng Huo, Jeremy Segal, Sabah Kadri, Zejuan Li, Hedy L. Kindler, and Jane E. Churpek, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Oluf D. Røe, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger; and Oluf D. Røe, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jyoti D. Patel
- Vasiliki Panou and Oluf D. Røe, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Meghana Gadiraju, Arthur Wolin, Caroline M. Weipert, Emily Skarda, Aliya N. Husain, Jyoti D. Patel, Buerkley Rose, Shannon R. Zhang, Madison Weatherly, Viswateja Nelakuditi, Amy Knight Johnson, Maria Helgeson, David Fischer, Arpita Desai, Nanna Sulai, Lauren Ritterhouse, Kiran K. Turaga, Dezheng Huo, Jeremy Segal, Sabah Kadri, Zejuan Li, Hedy L. Kindler, and Jane E. Churpek, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Oluf D. Røe, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger; and Oluf D. Røe, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Buerkley Rose
- Vasiliki Panou and Oluf D. Røe, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Meghana Gadiraju, Arthur Wolin, Caroline M. Weipert, Emily Skarda, Aliya N. Husain, Jyoti D. Patel, Buerkley Rose, Shannon R. Zhang, Madison Weatherly, Viswateja Nelakuditi, Amy Knight Johnson, Maria Helgeson, David Fischer, Arpita Desai, Nanna Sulai, Lauren Ritterhouse, Kiran K. Turaga, Dezheng Huo, Jeremy Segal, Sabah Kadri, Zejuan Li, Hedy L. Kindler, and Jane E. Churpek, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Oluf D. Røe, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger; and Oluf D. Røe, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Shannon R. Zhang
- Vasiliki Panou and Oluf D. Røe, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Meghana Gadiraju, Arthur Wolin, Caroline M. Weipert, Emily Skarda, Aliya N. Husain, Jyoti D. Patel, Buerkley Rose, Shannon R. Zhang, Madison Weatherly, Viswateja Nelakuditi, Amy Knight Johnson, Maria Helgeson, David Fischer, Arpita Desai, Nanna Sulai, Lauren Ritterhouse, Kiran K. Turaga, Dezheng Huo, Jeremy Segal, Sabah Kadri, Zejuan Li, Hedy L. Kindler, and Jane E. Churpek, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Oluf D. Røe, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger; and Oluf D. Røe, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Madison Weatherly
- Vasiliki Panou and Oluf D. Røe, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Meghana Gadiraju, Arthur Wolin, Caroline M. Weipert, Emily Skarda, Aliya N. Husain, Jyoti D. Patel, Buerkley Rose, Shannon R. Zhang, Madison Weatherly, Viswateja Nelakuditi, Amy Knight Johnson, Maria Helgeson, David Fischer, Arpita Desai, Nanna Sulai, Lauren Ritterhouse, Kiran K. Turaga, Dezheng Huo, Jeremy Segal, Sabah Kadri, Zejuan Li, Hedy L. Kindler, and Jane E. Churpek, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Oluf D. Røe, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger; and Oluf D. Røe, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Viswateja Nelakuditi
- Vasiliki Panou and Oluf D. Røe, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Meghana Gadiraju, Arthur Wolin, Caroline M. Weipert, Emily Skarda, Aliya N. Husain, Jyoti D. Patel, Buerkley Rose, Shannon R. Zhang, Madison Weatherly, Viswateja Nelakuditi, Amy Knight Johnson, Maria Helgeson, David Fischer, Arpita Desai, Nanna Sulai, Lauren Ritterhouse, Kiran K. Turaga, Dezheng Huo, Jeremy Segal, Sabah Kadri, Zejuan Li, Hedy L. Kindler, and Jane E. Churpek, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Oluf D. Røe, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger; and Oluf D. Røe, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Amy Knight Johnson
- Vasiliki Panou and Oluf D. Røe, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Meghana Gadiraju, Arthur Wolin, Caroline M. Weipert, Emily Skarda, Aliya N. Husain, Jyoti D. Patel, Buerkley Rose, Shannon R. Zhang, Madison Weatherly, Viswateja Nelakuditi, Amy Knight Johnson, Maria Helgeson, David Fischer, Arpita Desai, Nanna Sulai, Lauren Ritterhouse, Kiran K. Turaga, Dezheng Huo, Jeremy Segal, Sabah Kadri, Zejuan Li, Hedy L. Kindler, and Jane E. Churpek, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Oluf D. Røe, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger; and Oluf D. Røe, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Maria Helgeson
- Vasiliki Panou and Oluf D. Røe, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Meghana Gadiraju, Arthur Wolin, Caroline M. Weipert, Emily Skarda, Aliya N. Husain, Jyoti D. Patel, Buerkley Rose, Shannon R. Zhang, Madison Weatherly, Viswateja Nelakuditi, Amy Knight Johnson, Maria Helgeson, David Fischer, Arpita Desai, Nanna Sulai, Lauren Ritterhouse, Kiran K. Turaga, Dezheng Huo, Jeremy Segal, Sabah Kadri, Zejuan Li, Hedy L. Kindler, and Jane E. Churpek, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Oluf D. Røe, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger; and Oluf D. Røe, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - David Fischer
- Vasiliki Panou and Oluf D. Røe, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Meghana Gadiraju, Arthur Wolin, Caroline M. Weipert, Emily Skarda, Aliya N. Husain, Jyoti D. Patel, Buerkley Rose, Shannon R. Zhang, Madison Weatherly, Viswateja Nelakuditi, Amy Knight Johnson, Maria Helgeson, David Fischer, Arpita Desai, Nanna Sulai, Lauren Ritterhouse, Kiran K. Turaga, Dezheng Huo, Jeremy Segal, Sabah Kadri, Zejuan Li, Hedy L. Kindler, and Jane E. Churpek, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Oluf D. Røe, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger; and Oluf D. Røe, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Arpita Desai
- Vasiliki Panou and Oluf D. Røe, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Meghana Gadiraju, Arthur Wolin, Caroline M. Weipert, Emily Skarda, Aliya N. Husain, Jyoti D. Patel, Buerkley Rose, Shannon R. Zhang, Madison Weatherly, Viswateja Nelakuditi, Amy Knight Johnson, Maria Helgeson, David Fischer, Arpita Desai, Nanna Sulai, Lauren Ritterhouse, Kiran K. Turaga, Dezheng Huo, Jeremy Segal, Sabah Kadri, Zejuan Li, Hedy L. Kindler, and Jane E. Churpek, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Oluf D. Røe, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger; and Oluf D. Røe, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nanna Sulai
- Vasiliki Panou and Oluf D. Røe, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Meghana Gadiraju, Arthur Wolin, Caroline M. Weipert, Emily Skarda, Aliya N. Husain, Jyoti D. Patel, Buerkley Rose, Shannon R. Zhang, Madison Weatherly, Viswateja Nelakuditi, Amy Knight Johnson, Maria Helgeson, David Fischer, Arpita Desai, Nanna Sulai, Lauren Ritterhouse, Kiran K. Turaga, Dezheng Huo, Jeremy Segal, Sabah Kadri, Zejuan Li, Hedy L. Kindler, and Jane E. Churpek, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Oluf D. Røe, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger; and Oluf D. Røe, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lauren Ritterhouse
- Vasiliki Panou and Oluf D. Røe, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Meghana Gadiraju, Arthur Wolin, Caroline M. Weipert, Emily Skarda, Aliya N. Husain, Jyoti D. Patel, Buerkley Rose, Shannon R. Zhang, Madison Weatherly, Viswateja Nelakuditi, Amy Knight Johnson, Maria Helgeson, David Fischer, Arpita Desai, Nanna Sulai, Lauren Ritterhouse, Kiran K. Turaga, Dezheng Huo, Jeremy Segal, Sabah Kadri, Zejuan Li, Hedy L. Kindler, and Jane E. Churpek, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Oluf D. Røe, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger; and Oluf D. Røe, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Oluf D. Røe
- Vasiliki Panou and Oluf D. Røe, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Meghana Gadiraju, Arthur Wolin, Caroline M. Weipert, Emily Skarda, Aliya N. Husain, Jyoti D. Patel, Buerkley Rose, Shannon R. Zhang, Madison Weatherly, Viswateja Nelakuditi, Amy Knight Johnson, Maria Helgeson, David Fischer, Arpita Desai, Nanna Sulai, Lauren Ritterhouse, Kiran K. Turaga, Dezheng Huo, Jeremy Segal, Sabah Kadri, Zejuan Li, Hedy L. Kindler, and Jane E. Churpek, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Oluf D. Røe, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger; and Oluf D. Røe, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kiran K. Turaga
- Vasiliki Panou and Oluf D. Røe, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Meghana Gadiraju, Arthur Wolin, Caroline M. Weipert, Emily Skarda, Aliya N. Husain, Jyoti D. Patel, Buerkley Rose, Shannon R. Zhang, Madison Weatherly, Viswateja Nelakuditi, Amy Knight Johnson, Maria Helgeson, David Fischer, Arpita Desai, Nanna Sulai, Lauren Ritterhouse, Kiran K. Turaga, Dezheng Huo, Jeremy Segal, Sabah Kadri, Zejuan Li, Hedy L. Kindler, and Jane E. Churpek, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Oluf D. Røe, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger; and Oluf D. Røe, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Dezheng Huo
- Vasiliki Panou and Oluf D. Røe, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Meghana Gadiraju, Arthur Wolin, Caroline M. Weipert, Emily Skarda, Aliya N. Husain, Jyoti D. Patel, Buerkley Rose, Shannon R. Zhang, Madison Weatherly, Viswateja Nelakuditi, Amy Knight Johnson, Maria Helgeson, David Fischer, Arpita Desai, Nanna Sulai, Lauren Ritterhouse, Kiran K. Turaga, Dezheng Huo, Jeremy Segal, Sabah Kadri, Zejuan Li, Hedy L. Kindler, and Jane E. Churpek, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Oluf D. Røe, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger; and Oluf D. Røe, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jeremy Segal
- Vasiliki Panou and Oluf D. Røe, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Meghana Gadiraju, Arthur Wolin, Caroline M. Weipert, Emily Skarda, Aliya N. Husain, Jyoti D. Patel, Buerkley Rose, Shannon R. Zhang, Madison Weatherly, Viswateja Nelakuditi, Amy Knight Johnson, Maria Helgeson, David Fischer, Arpita Desai, Nanna Sulai, Lauren Ritterhouse, Kiran K. Turaga, Dezheng Huo, Jeremy Segal, Sabah Kadri, Zejuan Li, Hedy L. Kindler, and Jane E. Churpek, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Oluf D. Røe, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger; and Oluf D. Røe, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sabah Kadri
- Vasiliki Panou and Oluf D. Røe, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Meghana Gadiraju, Arthur Wolin, Caroline M. Weipert, Emily Skarda, Aliya N. Husain, Jyoti D. Patel, Buerkley Rose, Shannon R. Zhang, Madison Weatherly, Viswateja Nelakuditi, Amy Knight Johnson, Maria Helgeson, David Fischer, Arpita Desai, Nanna Sulai, Lauren Ritterhouse, Kiran K. Turaga, Dezheng Huo, Jeremy Segal, Sabah Kadri, Zejuan Li, Hedy L. Kindler, and Jane E. Churpek, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Oluf D. Røe, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger; and Oluf D. Røe, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Zejuan Li
- Vasiliki Panou and Oluf D. Røe, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Meghana Gadiraju, Arthur Wolin, Caroline M. Weipert, Emily Skarda, Aliya N. Husain, Jyoti D. Patel, Buerkley Rose, Shannon R. Zhang, Madison Weatherly, Viswateja Nelakuditi, Amy Knight Johnson, Maria Helgeson, David Fischer, Arpita Desai, Nanna Sulai, Lauren Ritterhouse, Kiran K. Turaga, Dezheng Huo, Jeremy Segal, Sabah Kadri, Zejuan Li, Hedy L. Kindler, and Jane E. Churpek, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Oluf D. Røe, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger; and Oluf D. Røe, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hedy L. Kindler
- Vasiliki Panou and Oluf D. Røe, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Meghana Gadiraju, Arthur Wolin, Caroline M. Weipert, Emily Skarda, Aliya N. Husain, Jyoti D. Patel, Buerkley Rose, Shannon R. Zhang, Madison Weatherly, Viswateja Nelakuditi, Amy Knight Johnson, Maria Helgeson, David Fischer, Arpita Desai, Nanna Sulai, Lauren Ritterhouse, Kiran K. Turaga, Dezheng Huo, Jeremy Segal, Sabah Kadri, Zejuan Li, Hedy L. Kindler, and Jane E. Churpek, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Oluf D. Røe, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger; and Oluf D. Røe, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jane E. Churpek
- Vasiliki Panou and Oluf D. Røe, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Meghana Gadiraju, Arthur Wolin, Caroline M. Weipert, Emily Skarda, Aliya N. Husain, Jyoti D. Patel, Buerkley Rose, Shannon R. Zhang, Madison Weatherly, Viswateja Nelakuditi, Amy Knight Johnson, Maria Helgeson, David Fischer, Arpita Desai, Nanna Sulai, Lauren Ritterhouse, Kiran K. Turaga, Dezheng Huo, Jeremy Segal, Sabah Kadri, Zejuan Li, Hedy L. Kindler, and Jane E. Churpek, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Oluf D. Røe, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger; and Oluf D. Røe, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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