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Iwaki S, Kawakita D, Nagao T, Tada Y, Honma Y, Ando M, Matoba T, Minohara K, Nakano S, Murase T, Iwasaki S, Inagaki H. Comprehensive genomic profiling of salivary gland carcinoma: Analysis of the Center for Cancer Genomics and Advanced Therapeutics database in Japan. Int J Cancer 2024. [PMID: 38686510 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Comprehensive information on genetic alterations in salivary gland cancer (SGC) is limited. This study aimed to elucidate the genetic and clinical characteristics of patients with SGC using the Center for Cancer Genomics and Advanced Therapeutics (C-CAT) database, a Japanese national genomic database. We analyzed data of 776 patients with SGC registered in the C-CAT database between June 1, 2019, and June 30, 2023. Adenoid cystic carcinoma was the most common histologic type, followed by salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) and adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified. Genetic data of 681 patients receiving FoundationOne® CDx were analyzed. We identified specific features of the combination of TP53 and CDKN2A alterations among the histological types. Specific LYN amplification was mainly detected in carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma and myoepithelial carcinoma. For SDC, the frequency of ERBB2 and BRAF alterations were higher in cases with metastatic lesions than in those with primary lesions. Although 28.6% patients were offered recommended treatment options, only 6.8% received the recommended treatments. This study highlights the differences in genetic alterations among the histological types of SGC, with comprehensive genomic profiling tests revealing lower drug accessibility. These findings could contribute to the development of personalized treatment for patients with SGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Iwaki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnosis, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kawakita
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Nagao
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Tada
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, Mita Hospital, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Honma
- Department of Head and Neck, Esophageal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mizuo Ando
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takuma Matoba
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Minohara
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satsuki Nakano
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnosis, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takayuki Murase
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnosis, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinichi Iwasaki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Inagaki
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnosis, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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Salvatori R, Manzoni M, Lepanto D, Stufano V, Pessina S, Zanetti C, Bassi F, Mazzarol G, Montagna E, Maffini F. A molecular reappraisal of matrix-producing breast metaplastic carcinoma highlighted by PLAG1 and MYC rearrangements. TUMORI JOURNAL 2022; 109:197-202. [PMID: 35361013 PMCID: PMC10070549 DOI: 10.1177/03008916221080190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Very little is currently known about molecular alteration of matrix-producing carcinoma of the breast. However, the morphological similarity with other neoplasm with a myxo-chondroid component is remarkable. In this pilot study we evaluated the molecular alterations involving PLAG1 and MYC genes in 12 cases of matrix producing carcinoma. Methods: We evaluated PLAG1 rearrangements as Break-Apart and Gene Copy Gain, and MYC as amplification and polysomy in 12 cases of matrix producing carcinoma using a FISH method. Results: Among the 12 cases of matrix producing carcinomas we found that the three cases harboring MYC amplification were all negative for PLAG1 break-apart; four cases with MYC polysomy were associated to PLAG1 break-apart and high Gene Copy Number; among four cases wild type for MYC, three showed a PLAG1- break-apart signal and of them two died with disease. One of the deceased patients showed an amplification of MYC with PLAG1- wild-type and the other showed a PLAG1 break-apart (6%) and a MYC wild-type. Conclusion: This is the first report to the best of our knowledge that shows a possible correlation between a matrix producing carcinoma with PLAG1 and MYC involvement in the development and progression of this kind of tumor. We can suppose that MYC amplification behaves in an aggressive way together with PLAG1- break-apart in the cases of matrix producing carcinoma presented here. The gene copy gain is a useful diagnostic tool in the case of difficult diagnosis because an increase was observed in more than 50% of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Salvatori
- Department of Surgical Pathology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- University “Statale” of Milan, School of Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Manzoni
- Department of Surgical Pathology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Lepanto
- Department of Surgical Pathology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Viviana Stufano
- Department of Surgical Pathology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Pessina
- Department of Surgical Pathology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Zanetti
- Department of Surgical Pathology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Bassi
- Department of Breast Surgery, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mazzarol
- Department of Surgical Pathology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Emilia Montagna
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Fausto Maffini
- Department of Surgical Pathology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Particular aspects in the cytogenetics and molecular biology of salivary gland tumours - current review of reports. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2016; 20:281-6. [PMID: 27688723 PMCID: PMC5032155 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2016.61847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland tumours are a group of lesions whose heterogeneity of biological and pathological features is widely reflected in the molecular aspect. This is demonstrated by an increasing number of studies in the field of genetics of these tumours. The aim of this study was to collect the most significant scientific reports on the cytogenetic and molecular data concerning these tumours, which might facilitate the identification of potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The analysis covered 71 papers included in the PubMed database. We focused on the most common tumours, such as pleomorphic adenoma, Warthin tumour, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and others. The aim of this study is to present current knowledge about widely explored genotypic alterations (such as PLAG1 gene in pleomorphic adenoma or MECT1 gene in mucoepidermoid carcinoma), and also about rare markers, like Mena or SOX10 protein, which might also be associated with tumourigenesis and carcinogenesis of these tumours.
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Mariano FV, Gondak RDO, Martins AS, Coletta RD, Paes de Almeida O, Kowalski LP, Krepischi ACV, Altemani A. Genomic copy number alterations of primary and secondary metastasizing pleomorphic adenomas. Histopathology 2015; 67:410-5. [PMID: 25600428 DOI: 10.1111/his.12655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Metastasizing pleomorphic adenoma (MPA) is a rare tumour, and its mechanism of metastasis still is unknown. To date, there has been no study on MPA genomics. We analysed primary and secondary MPAs with array comparative genomic hybridization to identify somatic copy number alterations and affected genes. METHODS AND RESULTS Tumour DNA samples from primary (parotid salivary gland) and secondary (scalp skin) MPAs were subjected to array comparative genomic hybridization investigation, and the data were analysed with NEXUS COPY NUMBER DISCOVERY. The primary MPA showed copy number losses affecting 3p22.2p14.3 and 19p13.3p123, and a complex pattern of four different deletions at chromosome 6. The 3p deletion encompassed several genes: CTNNB1, SETD2, BAP1, and PBRM1, among others. The secondary MPA showed a genomic profile similar to that of the primary MPA, with acquisition of additional copy number changes affecting 9p24.3p13.1 (loss), 19q11q13.43 (gain), and 22q11.1q13.33 (gain). CONCLUSION Our findings indicated a clonal origin of the secondary MPA, as both tumours shared a common profile of genomic copy number alterations. Furthermore, we were able to detect in the primary tumour a specific pattern of copy number alterations that could explain the metastasizing characteristic, whereas the secondary MPA showed a more unbalanced genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Viviane Mariano
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Luiz Paulo Kowalski
- Head and Neck Surgery Department, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Albina Altemani
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
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Bahrami A, Dalton JD, Shivakumar B, Krane JF. PLAG1 alteration in carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma: immunohistochemical and fluorescence in situ hybridization studies of 22 cases. Head Neck Pathol 2012; 6:328-35. [PMID: 22485045 PMCID: PMC3422590 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-012-0353-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CA-ex-PA) may arise with nearly any histologic subtype of carcinoma of the salivary gland. In the absence of recognizable residual pleomorphic adenoma (PA) or a prior history of PA, distinction of CA-ex-PA from morphologically similar de novo carcinomas may be difficult. Oncogenic rearrangement of PLAG1 (pleomorphic adenoma gene 1) has been established in PA; however, it has not yet been proven that PLAG1 alteration persists in carcinomas developed from preceding PA. We evaluated 22 histologically diverse CA-ex-PA by immunohistochemistry for PLAG1, and/or by FISH targeting PLAG1. Of these, 17 cases were immunoreactive (1+ to 3+) and 5 were immunonegative/rare positive for PLAG1. For comparison, 39 various salivary gland neoplasms were immunostained for PLAG1, of which all scored negative/rare positive. Twelve of 19 CA-ex-PA analyzed by PLAG1 FISH (63 %) were positive for gene rearrangement, 2 showed only a trisomy/polysomy profile, and 5 had a normal pattern. One FISH-positive tumor showed amplification of PLAG1. One of 3 cases analyzed for HMGA2 FISH was positive for gene rearrangement. In our series, the majority of CA-ex-PA harbored altered PLAG1 or HMGA2 genes detectable by FISH. While PLAG1 immunostain was specific for CA-ex-PA against other carcinomas, its application as a standalone discriminatory test was limited by variable expression. We conclude that most CA-ex-PA, regardless of morphologic subtype, carry altered PLAG1 or HMGA2 genes, and that FISH for PLAG1, along with immunohistochemistry for PLAG1, may help discriminate CA-ex-PA from its de novo carcinoma counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armita Bahrami
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS 250, Memphis, TN 38105 USA
| | - James D. Dalton
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS 250, Memphis, TN 38105 USA
| | - Bangalore Shivakumar
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS 250, Memphis, TN 38105 USA
| | - Jeffrey F. Krane
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
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Persson F, Andrén Y, Winnes M, Wedell B, Nordkvist A, Gudnadottir G, Dahlenfors R, Sjögren H, Mark J, Stenman G. High-resolution genomic profiling of adenomas and carcinomas of the salivary glands reveals amplification, rearrangement, and fusion of HMGA2. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2009; 48:69-82. [PMID: 18828159 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (Ca-ex-PA) is an epithelial malignancy developing within a benign salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma (PA). Here we have used genome-wide, high-resolution array-CGH, and fluorescence in situ hybridization to identify genes amplified in double min chromosomes and homogeneously staining regions in PA and Ca-ex-PA and to identify additional genomic imbalances characteristic of these tumor types. Ten of the 16 tumors analyzed showed amplification/gain of a 30-kb minimal common region, consisting of the 5'-part of HMGA2 (encoding the three DNA-binding domains). Coamplification of MDM2 was found in nine tumors. Five tumors had cryptic HMGA2-WIF1 gene fusions with amplification of the fusion oncogene in four tumors. Expression analysis of eight amplified candidate genes in 12q revealed that tumors with amplification/rearrangement of HMGA2 and MDM2 had significantly higher expression levels when compared with tumors without amplification. Analysis of individual HMGA2 exons showed that the expression of exons 3-5 were substantially reduced when compared with exons 1-2 in 9 of 10 tumors with HMGA2 activation, indicating that gene fusions and rearrangements of HMGA2 are common in tumors with amplification. In addition, recurrent amplifications/gains of 1q11-q32.1, 2p16.1-p12, 8q12.1, 8q22-24.1, and 20, and losses of 1p21.3-p21.1, 5q23.2-q31.2, 8p, 10q21.3, and 15q11.2 were identified. Collectively, our results identify HMGA2 and MDM2 as amplification targets in PA and Ca-ex-PA and suggest that amplification of 12q genes (in particular MDM2), deletions of 5q23.2-q31.2, gains of 8q12.1 (PLAG1) and 8q22.1-q24.1 (MYC), and amplification of ERBB2 may be of importance for malignant transformation of benign PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Persson
- Department of Pathology, Lundberg Laboratory for Cancer Research, tSahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Bejjani BA, Theisen AP, Ballif BC, Shaffer LG. Array-based comparative genomic hybridization in clinical diagnosis. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2007; 5:421-9. [PMID: 15934818 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.5.3.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The sequencing of the human genome and development of high-throughput microarray technologies have enhanced the detection of copy number alterations in cancer research and the study of constitutional chromosomal abnormalities. Microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) has integrated molecular and traditional cytogenetics and has begun to impact the clinician's approach to medical genetics. Clinical applications of array CGH may define new genetic syndromes, expand the phenotype of existing syndromes and characterize a genomic signature of some cancers. As array CGH becomes the initial diagnostic approach for the investigation of constitutional and acquired chromosomal abnormalities, the combination of bioinformatics, robotics and microarray technology will set the stage for a new generation of high-resolution and high-throughput tools for genetic analysis, diagnosis and gene discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassem A Bejjani
- Signature Genomic Laboratories, 44 West 6th Avenue, Suite 202, Spokane, WA 99204, USA.
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Wong KK, Tsang YTM, Chang YM, Su J, Di Francesco AM, Meco D, Riccardi R, Perlaky L, Dauser RC, Adesina A, Bhattacharjee M, Chintagumpala M, Lau CC. Genome-wide allelic imbalance analysis of pediatric gliomas by single nucleotide polymorphic allele array. Cancer Res 2007; 66:11172-8. [PMID: 17145861 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-2438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Using single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) allele arrays, we analyzed 28 pediatric gliomas consisting of 14 high-grade gliomas and 14 low-grade gliomas. Most of the low-grade gliomas had no detectable loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in any of the 11,562 SNP loci; exceptions were two gangliogliomas (3q and 9p), one astrocytoma (6q), and two subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (16p and 21q). On the other hand, all high-grade gliomas had various degrees of LOH affecting 52 to 2,168 SNP loci on various chromosomes. LOH occurred most frequently in regions located at 4q (54%), 6q (46%), 9p (38%), 10q (38%), 11p (38%), 12 (38%), 13q (69%), 14q (54%), 17 (38%), 18p (46%), and 19q (38%). We also detected amplifications of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRalpha) in a few of the 13 cases of glioblastoma multiforme analyzed. Interestingly, the amplified EGFR and PDGFRalpha were located within regions of LOH. SNP loci with LOH and copy number changes were validated by sequencing and quantitative PCR, respectively. Our results indicate that, in some pediatric glioblastoma multiforme, one allele each of EGFR and PDGFRalpha was lost but the remaining allele was amplified. This may represent a new molecular mechanism underlying tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwong-Kwok Wong
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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Martins C, Fonseca I, Roque L, Pereira T, Ribeiro C, Bullerdiek J, Soares J. PLAG1 gene alterations in salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma and carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma: a combined study using chromosome banding, in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry. Mod Pathol 2005; 18:1048-55. [PMID: 15920557 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.3800386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign tumor of the salivary glands. It has marked histological diversity with epithelial, myoepithelial and mesenchymal-type cells arranged in a variety of architectural and differentiation patterns. Pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1), shown to be consistently rearranged in pleomorphic adenomas, is activated by chromosomal translocations involving 8q12, the chromosome region that is most frequently affected in these tumors. In this study, we evaluated PLAG1 involvement in salivary gland tumorigenesis by determining the frequency of its alterations in a selected group of 20 salivary gland tumors: 16 pleomorphic adenomas and four carcinomas ex-pleomorphic adenoma, having in common the presence of karyotypic chromosome 8 deviations, either structural, with 8q12 rearrangements, or numerical, with gain of chromosome 8. PLAG1 status was analyzed using in situ hybridization techniques, on metaphase cells, by fluorescence detection and/or interphase cells in paraffin sections, by chromogenic detection. Except for one pleomorphic adenoma case (5%) that lacked PLAG1 involvement, 17 tumors (85%), (14 pleomorphic adenomas and three carcinomas ex-pleomorphic adenoma) showed intragenic rearrangements of PLAG1 and the remaining two cases (10%), (one pleomorphic adenoma and one carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma), had chromosome trisomy 8 only. To further investigate the role of PLAG1 on pleomorphic adenomas tumorigenesis, as well as the putative morphogenesis mechanism, we attempted to identify the cell types (epithelial vs myoepithelial) carrying 8q12/PLAG1 abnormalities by a combined phenotypic/genotypic analysis in four cases (three pleomorphic adenoma and one carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma) characterized by 8q12 translocations and PLAG1 rearrangement. In these cases, both cells populations carried PLAG1 rearrangements. This finding further supports the pluripotent single-cell theory, which postulates that the tumor-initiated, modified myoepithelial cell, evolves into the varied somatic cell phenotypes present in pleomorphic adenoma, and reinforces the role of PLAG1 on the tumorigenesis of benign and malignant pleomorphic adenoma.
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MESH Headings
- Adenoma, Pleomorphic/genetics
- Adenoma, Pleomorphic/metabolism
- Adenoma, Pleomorphic/pathology
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Chromosome Banding
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/analysis
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Female
- Genotype
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- In Situ Hybridization/methods
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Karyotyping
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Phenotype
- Salivary Gland Neoplasms/genetics
- Salivary Gland Neoplasms/metabolism
- Salivary Gland Neoplasms/pathology
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmo Martins
- Centro de Investigação de Patobiologia Molecular (CIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal.
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