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Siak PY, Heng WS, Teoh SSH, Lwin YY, Cheah SC. Precision medicine in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: comprehensive review of past, present, and future prospect. J Transl Med 2023; 21:786. [PMID: 37932756 PMCID: PMC10629096 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04673-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an aggressive malignancy with high propensity for lymphatic spread and distant metastasis. It is prominent as an endemic malignancy in Southern China and Southeast Asia regions. Studies on NPC pathogenesis mechanism in the past decades such as through Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) infection and oncogenic molecular aberrations have explored several potential targets for therapy and diagnosis. The EBV infection introduces oncoviral proteins that consequently hyperactivate many promitotic pathways and block cell-death inducers. EBV infection is so prevalent in NPC patients such that EBV serological tests were used to diagnose and screen NPC patients. On the other hand, as the downstream effectors of oncogenic mechanisms, the promitotic pathways can potentially be exploited therapeutically. With the apparent heterogeneity and distinct molecular aberrations of NPC tumor, the focus has turned into a more personalized treatment in NPC. Herein in this comprehensive review, we depict the current status of screening, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention in NPC. Subsequently, based on the limitations on those aspects, we look at their potential improvements in moving towards the path of precision medicine. The importance of recent advances on the key molecular aberration involved in pathogenesis of NPC for precision medicine progression has also been reported in the present review. Besides, the challenge and future outlook of NPC management will also be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui Yan Siak
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Bandar Springhill, 71010, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Win Sen Heng
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Bandar Springhill, 71010, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Sharon Siew Hoon Teoh
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Bandar Springhill, 71010, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Yu Yu Lwin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Medicine, Mandalay, Myanmar
| | - Shiau-Chuen Cheah
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Bandar Springhill, 71010, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
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Current Status and Future Perspectives about Molecular Biomarkers of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143490. [PMID: 34298701 PMCID: PMC8305767 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a serious major public health problem in its endemic countries. Up to 80% of NPC patients with locally advanced disease or distant metastasis at diagnosis were associated with poor prognosis and with median survival less than 4 months. The mortality rate of NPC metastasis is up to 91%. To date, there is no available curative treatment or reliable early diagnosis or prognosis for NPC. Discovery and development of reliable early diagnosis and prognosis biomarkers for nasopharyngeal carcinoma are urgent needed. Hence, we have here listed the potential early diagnosis and prognosis biomarker candidates for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This review will give an insight to readers on the progress of NPC biomarker discovery to date, as well as future prospective biomarker development and their translation to clinical use. Abstract Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial malignancy that shows a remarkable ethnic and geographical distribution. It is one of the major public health problems in some countries, especially Southern China and Southeast Asia, but rare in most Western countries. Multifactorial interactions such as Epstein–Barr virus infection, individual’s genetic susceptibility, as well as environmental and dietary factors may facilitate the pathogenesis of this malignancy. Late presentation and the complex nature of the disease have led it to become a major cause of mortality. Therefore, an effective, sensitive, and specific molecular biomarker is urgently needed for early disease diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of metastasis and recurrence after treatment. In this review, we discuss the recent research status of potential biomarker discovery and the problems that need to be explored further for better NPC management. By studying the aberrant pattern of these candidate biomarkers that promote NPC development and progression, we are able to understand the complexity of this malignancy better, hence positing our stands better towards strategies that may provide a way forward to the discovery of more reliable and specific biomarkers for diagnosis and targeted therapeutic development.
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Chen J, Jiang C, Fu L, Zhu CL, Xiang YQ, Jiang LX, Chen Q, Liu WM, Chen JN, Zhang LY, Liu M, Chen C, Tang H, Wang B, Tsao SW, Kwong DLW, Guan XY. CHL1 suppresses tumor growth and metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by repressing PI3K/AKT signaling pathway via interaction with Integrin β1 and Merlin. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:1802-1815. [PMID: 31523184 PMCID: PMC6743306 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.34785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Deletion of Chromosome 3p is one of the most frequently detected genetic alterations in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We reported the role of a novel 3p26.3 tumor suppressor gene (TSG) CHL1 in NPC. Down-regulation of CHL1 was detected in 4/6 of NPC cell lines and 71/95 (74.7%) in clinical tissues. Ectopic expressions of CHL1 in NPC cells significantly inhibit colony formation and cell motility in functional study. By up-regulating epithelial markers and down-regulating mesenchymal markers CHL1 could induce mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET), a key step in preventing tumor invasion and metastasis. CHL1 could also cause the inactivation of RhoA/Rac1/Cdc42 signaling pathway and inhibit the formation of stress fiber, lamellipodia, and filopodia. CHL1 could co-localize with adhesion molecule Integrin-β1, the expression of CHL1 was positively correlated with Integrin-β1 and another known tumor suppressor gene (TSG) Merlin. Down-regulation of Integrin-β1 or Merlin was significantly correlated with the poor survival rate of NPC patients. Further mechanistic studies showed that CHL1 could directly interact with integrin-β1 and link to Merlin, leading to the inactivation of integrin β1-AKT pathway. In conclusion, CHL1 is a vital tumor suppressor in the carcinogenesis of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Departments of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;,Department of Clinical Oncology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Chen Jiang
- Departments of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Fu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, Department of Pharmacology and Shenzhen University International Cancer Research Centre, Shenzhen University school of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cai-Lei Zhu
- Departments of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan-Qun Xiang
- Department of Nasopharyngeal, Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling-Xi Jiang
- Departments of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Departments of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Man Liu
- Departments of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jin-Na Chen
- Departments of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li-Yi Zhang
- Departments of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Departments of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Science and Technology of Huazhong University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Departments of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Sai Wah Tsao
- Departments of Anatomy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dora Lai-Wan Kwong
- Departments of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- Departments of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China;,✉ Corresponding author: Xin-Yuan Guan, Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Room L10-56, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Tel: 852-3917-9782, E-Mail: ; or Dora Lai-Wan Kwong, Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, 1/F, Professorial Block, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Tel: 852-28554521, E-mail:
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Hainke K, Szugat S, Fried R, Rahnenführer J. Variable selection for disease progression models: methods for oncogenetic trees and application to cancer and HIV. BMC Bioinformatics 2017; 18:358. [PMID: 28764644 PMCID: PMC5539896 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-017-1762-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Disease progression models are important for understanding the critical steps during the development of diseases. The models are imbedded in a statistical framework to deal with random variations due to biology and the sampling process when observing only a finite population. Conditional probabilities are used to describe dependencies between events that characterise the critical steps in the disease process. Many different model classes have been proposed in the literature, from simple path models to complex Bayesian networks. A popular and easy to understand but yet flexible model class are oncogenetic trees. These have been applied to describe the accumulation of genetic aberrations in cancer and HIV data. However, the number of potentially relevant aberrations is often by far larger than the maximal number of events that can be used for reliably estimating the progression models. Still, there are only a few approaches to variable selection, which have not yet been investigated in detail. Results We fill this gap and propose specifically for oncogenetic trees ten variable selection methods, some of these being completely new. We compare them in an extensive simulation study and on real data from cancer and HIV. It turns out that the preselection of events by clique identification algorithms performs best. Here, events are selected if they belong to the largest or the maximum weight subgraph in which all pairs of vertices are connected. Conclusions The variable selection method of identifying cliques finds both the important frequent events and those related to disease pathways. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12859-017-1762-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Hainke
- Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, 44221, Germany
| | - Sebastian Szugat
- Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, 44221, Germany
| | - Roland Fried
- Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, 44221, Germany
| | - Jörg Rahnenführer
- Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, 44221, Germany.
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Omics-based identification of biomarkers for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:762128. [PMID: 25999660 PMCID: PMC4427004 DOI: 10.1155/2015/762128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a head and neck cancer that is highly found in distinct geographic areas, such as Southeast Asia. The management of NPC remains burdensome as the prognosis is poor due to the late presentation of the disease and the complex nature of NPC pathogenesis. Therefore, it is necessary to find effective molecular markers for early detection and therapeutic measure of NPC. In this paper, the discovery of molecular biomarker for NPC through the emerging omics technologies including genomics, miRNA-omics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics will be extensively reviewed. These markers have been shown to play roles in various cellular pathways in NPC progression. The knowledge on their function will help us understand in more detail the complexity in tumor biology, leading to the better strategies for early detection, outcome prediction, detection of disease recurrence, and therapeutic approach.
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Feng BJ. Descriptive, Environmental and Genetic Epidemiology of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-5947-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Lo KW, Chung GTY, To KF. Acquired Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-5947-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Chen J, Fu L, Zhang LY, Kwong DL, Yan L, Guan XY. Tumor suppressor genes on frequently deleted chromosome 3p in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2012; 31:215-22. [PMID: 22360856 PMCID: PMC3777521 DOI: 10.5732/cjc.011.10364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Revised: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is among the most common malignancies in southern China. Deletion of genomic DNA, which occurs during the complex pathogenesis process for NPC, represents a pivotal mechanism in the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs). In many circumstances, loss of TSGs can be detected as diagnostic and prognostic markers in cancer. The short arm of chromosome 3 (3p) is a frequently deleted chromosomal region in NPC, with 3p21.1-21.2 and 3p25.2-26.1 being the most frequently deleted minimal regions. In recent years, our research group and others have focused on the identification and characterization of novel target TSGs at 3p, such as RASSF1A, BLU, RBMS3, and CHL1, in the development and progression of NPC. In this review, we summarize recent findings of TSGs at 3p and discuss some of these genes in detail. A better understanding of TSGs at 3p will significantly improve our understanding of NPC pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China;
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430023, P. R. China;
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China;
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P. R. China.
| | - Li-Yi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China;
| | - Dora L. Kwong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China;
| | - Li Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P. R. China.
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China;
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P. R. China.
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Lo KW, Chung GTY, To KF. Deciphering the molecular genetic basis of NPC through molecular, cytogenetic, and epigenetic approaches. Semin Cancer Biol 2012; 22:79-86. [PMID: 22245473 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2011.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is consistently associated with EBV infection and prevalence in southern China and Southeast Asia. In addition to EBV, the development of NPC involves cumulative genetic and epigenetic changes influenced by predisposing genetic factors and environmental carcinogens. Over the past two decades, knowledge of genetic and epigenetic alterations of NPC has rapidly accumulated. Multiple chromosomal abnormalities (e.g. copy number changes on chromosomes 3p, 9p, 11q, 12p, and 14q), gene alterations (e.g. p16 deletion and LTBR amplification), and epigenetic changes (e.g. RASSF1A and TSLC1 methylation) have been identified by various genome-wide approaches, such as allelotyping, CGH, and microarray analysis. In this review, we will discuss the critical genetic events that contribute to the initiation and progression of NPC. Studies on the precancerous lesions and in vitro immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial cell models provide important evidence for the involvement of genetic alterations and EBV infection in early development of this cancer. A hypothetical model describing the role of EBV latent infection and multiple genetic changes in NPC tumorigenesis is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwok-Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Lee JW, Hsiao WT, Lee KF, Sheu LF, Hsu HY, Hsu LP, Su B, Lee MS, Hsu YC, Chang CH. Widespread expression of prostate apoptosis response-4 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Head Neck 2010; 32:877-85. [PMID: 19908316 DOI: 10.1002/hed.21282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) augments apoptosis in various tumors, either during apoptotic insult or by ectopic overexpression. However, investigation of Par-4 expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is lacking. METHODS Specimens from patients with NPC, hypopharyngeal carcinoma (HPC), or oral cavity cancer were examined for Par-4 expression using immunohistochemistry. NPC cell proliferation and apoptosis were analyzed using immunohistochemical staining for Ki67, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and in situ terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated biotin-16-dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay, respectively. RESULTS Par-4 was ubiquitously expressed in NPC biopsies (96.2%, 25/26) and was significantly higher than in HPC (47.6%, 50/105, p < .0001) and oral cavity cancers (38.7%, 12/31, p < .0001). Remarkably, apoptosis of NPC cells was absent and Par-4 expression was associated with obvious expression of Bcl-2 and Ki67 in all patients tested with NPC. CONCLUSIONS Immunohistochemistry results showed widespread expression of Par-4 in NPC and revealed sustainable proliferation of NPC cells regardless of Par-4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeng-Woei Lee
- Institute of Life Science, College of Life Science, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
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Hou D, Guan Y, Liu J, Xiao Z, Ouyang Y, Yu Y, Chen Z. Cloning and characterization of the NPCEDRG gene promoter. Mol Cell Biochem 2010; 346:1-10. [PMID: 20821255 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0584-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
NPCEDRG is a novel tumor suppressive gene that localizes to 3p21.3, a chromosomal region frequently associated with loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in a number of malignancies including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Its transcriptional down-expression has been shown in the cell lines and primary tumor tissues of NPC. Reintroduction of NPCEDRG into CNE2, a cell line derived from NPC, was effective to induce cell differentiation, control cell growth, and regulate the cell cycle. Little is known about the transcriptional mechanisms controlling NPCEDRG gene expression. In this article, we describe the NPCEDRG gene structure and the transcriptional expression of NPCEDRG; we found that NPCEDRG was expressed weakly in most of NPC cell lines. Using 5' rapid amplification of complementary DNA ends (5'-RACEs), we found that the NPCEDRG gene has several transcription start sites (TSSs) due to the existence of alternatively spliced variants, and the specific TSS of NPCEDRG was located -25 nucleotides upstream of the translation start site. We amend that Human NPCEDRG CDS containing 516 bp but not the 510 bp reported previously. To characterize the NPCEDRG promoter, transient luciferase and/or EGFP reporter assay were carried out with the constructs including various lengths of the 5' flanking region of the NPCEDRG gene. The results demonstrated that the basal promoter is located at the region from -215 to -8 nucleotides, and the optimal promoter is located at the region from -625 to -8 nucleotides upstream of the translation start site. In silico analysis suggested that the promoter region contained potential binding sites for SP1, c-Myb, AREB6, Nkx2-5, and so on. These results provide important clues to elucidate the regulation of NPCEDRG gene expression and function. Further studies are apparently required for the identification of the transcription factors, essential for NPCEDRG expression, which would lead to better understanding of the molecular mechanism of NPCEDRG expression in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defu Hou
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87# Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
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Sheu JJC, Lee CH, Ko JY, Tsao GS, Wu CC, Fang CY, Tsai FJ, Hua CH, Chen CL, Chen JY. Chromosome 3p12.3-p14.2 and 3q26.2-q26.32 Are Genomic Markers for Prognosis of Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009; 18:2709-16. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-09-0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Mathematical modeling of carcinogenesis based on chromosome aberration data. Chin J Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11670-009-0240-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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[Exploration of carcinogenesis based on tree models using CGH data]. YI CHUAN = HEREDITAS 2008; 30:407-12. [PMID: 18424409 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1005.2008.00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) can detect chromosomal deletions and amplifications of tumors, and various laboratories and public databases have accumulated a large number of CGH data, providing the opportunity to analyze the molecular mechanism of tumorigenesis in the whole genome. Tree models are generally used to study the history of biological formation and evolution in the field of bioinformatics, and evolutionary relationships between species are usually represented using phylogenetic tree. Tree models are also powerful bioinformatics tools to analyze CGH data and explore carcinogenesis. Two common tree models, the branching tree and the distanced-based tree, as well as their basic principles, methods are introduced detailedly, several technical problems in construction of tree models are discussed, and their applications in cancer research are reviewed systematically in this paper. As a generalization of single path linear model, tree models can more accurately conclude multigene, multistep, multipathway process of tumorigenesis, exploring the molecular mechanism of tumorigenesis from different angels. Apart from CGH data, tree models can be used to analyze various types of data, including high-resolution data (e.g., array-CGH data).
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Identification of Tumor Evolution Patterns by Means of Inductive Logic Programming. GENOMICS, PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2008; 6:91-7. [PMID: 18973865 PMCID: PMC5054107 DOI: 10.1016/s1672-0229(08)60024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In considering key events of genomic disorders in the development and progression of cancer, the correlation between genomic instability and carcinogenesis is currently under investigation. In this work, we propose an inductive logic programming approach to the problem of modeling evolution patterns for breast cancer. Using this approach, it is possible to extract fingerprints of stages of the disease that can be used in order to develop and deliver the most adequate therapies to patients. Furthermore, such a model can help physicians and biologists in the elucidation of molecular dynamics underlying the aberrations-waterfall model behind carcinogenesis. By showing results obtained on a real-world dataset, we try to give some hints about further approach to the knowledge-driven validations of such hypotheses.
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Perez-Ordoñez B. An update on Epstein-Barr virus and nasopharyngeal carcinogenesis. Head Neck Pathol 2007; 1:141-5. [PMID: 20614265 PMCID: PMC2807523 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-007-0020-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2007] [Accepted: 07/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bayardo Perez-Ordoñez
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario Canada M5G 2C4 ,Department of Pathobiology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada
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Lee JW, Lee KF, Hsu HY, Hsu LP, Shih WL, Chu YC, Hsiao WT, Liu PF. Protein expression and intracellular localization of prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) are associated with apoptosis induction in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines. Cancer Lett 2007; 257:252-62. [PMID: 17881119 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2007.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2007] [Revised: 07/03/2007] [Accepted: 08/01/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) is a proapoptotic gene that selectively induces cell death in most cancer cells. In addition to the increased percentage of apoptotic cells, caspase-3 activity, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage, we demonstrate that elevated expression of Par-4 and nuclear entry resulted in apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines either in serum deprivation or by ectopic overexpression of Par-4. Moreover, disassociation from the Par-4/Akt complex was correlated with the induced proapoptotic ability of Par-4. Therefore, our data suggest that the cytoplasmic localization and expression level of endogenous Par-4 in NPC cells are not sufficient to augment apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeng-Woei Lee
- Department and Institute of Life Science, College of Life Science, Tzu-Chi University, 701, Sec. 3, Chung-Yang Road, Hualien 97071, Taiwan.
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Cho WCS. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: molecular biomarker discovery and progress. Mol Cancer 2007; 6:1. [PMID: 17199893 PMCID: PMC1774581 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-6-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2006] [Accepted: 01/02/2007] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare malignancy in most part of the world and it is one of the most confusing, commonly misdiagnosed and poorly understood diseases. The cancer is an Epstein-Barr virus-associated malignancy with a remarkable racial and geographical distribution. It is highly prevalent in southern Asia where the disease occurs at a prevalence about a 100-fold higher compared with other populations not at risk. The etiology of NPC is thought to be associated with a complex interaction of genetic, viral, environmental and dietary factors. Thanks to the advancements in genomics, proteomics and bioinformatics in recent decades, more understanding of the disease etiology, carcinogenesis and progression has been gained. Research into these components may unravel the pathways in NPC development and potentially decipher the molecular characteristics of the malignancy. In the era of molecular medicine, specific treatment to the potential target using technologies such as immunotherapy and RNAi becomes formulating from bench to bedside application and thus makes molecular biomarker discovery more meaningful for NPC management. In this article, the latest molecular biomarker discovery and progress in NPC is reviewed with respect to the diagnosis, monitoring, treatment and prognostication of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Chi-Shing Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Room 1305, 13/F, Block R, 30 Gascoigne Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
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