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Gill RPK, Gantchev J, Martínez Villarreal A, Ramchatesingh B, Netchiporouk E, Akilov OE, Ødum N, Gniadecki R, Koralov SB, Litvinov IV. Understanding Cell Lines, Patient-Derived Xenograft and Genetically Engineered Mouse Models Used to Study Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040593. [PMID: 35203244 PMCID: PMC8870189 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a spectrum of lymphoproliferative disorders caused by the infiltration of malignant T cells into the skin. The most common variants of CTCL include mycosis fungoides (MF), Sézary syndrome (SS) and CD30+ Lymphoproliferative disorders (CD30+ LPDs). CD30+ LPDs include primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (pcALCL), lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) and borderline CD30+ LPD. The frequency of MF, SS and CD30+ LPDs is ~40–50%, <5% and ~10–25%, respectively. Despite recent advances, CTCL remains challenging to diagnose. The mechanism of CTCL carcinogenesis still remains to be fully elucidated. Hence, experiments in patient-derived cell lines and xenografts/genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) are critical to advance our understanding of disease pathogenesis. To enable this, understanding the intricacies and limitations of each individual model system is highly important. Presently, 11 immortalized patient-derived cell lines and different xenograft/GEMMs are being used to study the pathogenesis of CTCL and evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of various treatment modalities prior to clinical trials. Gene expression studies, and the karyotyping analyses of cell lines demonstrated that the molecular profile of SeAx, Sez4, SZ4, H9 and Hut78 is consistent with SS origin; MyLa and HH resemble the molecular profile of advanced MF, while Mac2A and PB2B represent CD30+ LPDs. Molecular analysis of the other two frequently used Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus-1 (HTLV-1)+ cell lines, MJ and Hut102, were found to have characteristics of Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL). Studies in mouse models demonstrated that xenograft tumors could be grown using MyLa, HH, H9, Hut78, PB2B and SZ4 cells in NSG (NOD Scid gamma mouse) mice, while several additional experimental GEMMs were established to study the pathogenesis, effect of drugs and inflammatory cytokines in CTCL. The current review summarizes cell lines and xenograft/GEMMs used to study and understand the etiology and heterogeneity of CTCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Preet Kaur Gill
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (R.P.K.G.); (J.G.); (A.M.V.); (B.R.); (E.N.)
| | - Jennifer Gantchev
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (R.P.K.G.); (J.G.); (A.M.V.); (B.R.); (E.N.)
| | - Amelia Martínez Villarreal
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (R.P.K.G.); (J.G.); (A.M.V.); (B.R.); (E.N.)
| | - Brandon Ramchatesingh
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (R.P.K.G.); (J.G.); (A.M.V.); (B.R.); (E.N.)
| | - Elena Netchiporouk
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (R.P.K.G.); (J.G.); (A.M.V.); (B.R.); (E.N.)
| | - Oleg E. Akilov
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
| | - Niels Ødum
- Division of Dermatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada;
| | - Robert Gniadecki
- Skin Immunology Research Center, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Sergei B. Koralov
- Department of Pathology, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA;
| | - Ivan V. Litvinov
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (R.P.K.G.); (J.G.); (A.M.V.); (B.R.); (E.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +514-934-1934 (ext. 76140); Fax: +514-843-1570
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Netchiporouk E, Gantchev J, Tsang M, Thibault P, Watters AK, Hughes JDM, Ghazawi FM, Woetmann A, Ødum N, Sasseville D, Litvinov IV. Analysis of CTCL cell lines reveals important differences between mycosis fungoides/Sézary syndrome vs. HTLV-1+ leukemic cell lines. Oncotarget 2017; 8:95981-95998. [PMID: 29221181 PMCID: PMC5707075 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
HTLV-1 is estimated to affect ~20 million people worldwide and in ~5% of carriers it produces Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL), which can often masquerade and present with classic erythematous pruritic patches and plaques that are typically seen in Mycosis Fungoides (MF) and Sézary Syndrome (SS), the most recognized variants of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas (CTCL). For many years the role of HTLV-1 in the pathogenesis of MF/SS has been hotly debated. In this study we analyzed CTCL vs. HTLV-1+ leukemic cells. We performed G-banding/spectral karyotyping, extensive gene expression analysis, TP53 sequencing in the 11 patient-derived HTLV-1+ (MJ and Hut102) vs. HTLV-1- (Myla, Mac2a, PB2B, HH, H9, Hut78, SZ4, Sez4 and SeAx) CTCL cell lines. We further tested drug sensitivities to commonly used CTCL therapies and studied the ability of these cells to produce subcutaneous xenograft tumors in NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ mice. Our work demonstrates that unlike classic advanced MF/SS cells that acquire many ongoing balanced and unbalanced chromosomal translocations, HTLV-1+ CTCL leukemia cells are diploid and exhibit only a minimal number of non-specific chromosomal alterations. Our results indicate that HTLV-1 virus is likely not involved in the pathogenesis of classic MF/SS since it drives a very different pathway of lymphomagenesis based on our findings in these cells. This study also provides for the first time a comprehensive characterization of the CTCL cells with respect to gene expression profiling, TP53 mutation status, ability to produce tumors in mice and response to commonly used therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Gantchev
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Matthew Tsang
- Division of Dermatology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philippe Thibault
- Université de Sherbrooke Rnomics Platform, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Andrew K Watters
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Feras M Ghazawi
- Division of Dermatology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anders Woetmann
- Department of International Health, Immunology, and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Ødum
- Department of International Health, Immunology, and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Denis Sasseville
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ivan V Litvinov
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Division of Dermatology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Lefrançois P, Tetzlaff MT, Moreau L, Watters AK, Netchiporouk E, Provost N, Gilbert M, Ni X, Sasseville D, Duvic M, Litvinov IV. TruSeq-Based Gene Expression Analysis of Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Samples: Subgroup Analysis Results and Elucidation of Biases from FFPE Sample Processing on the TruSeq Platform. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:153. [PMID: 29018799 PMCID: PMC5614967 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are a heterogeneous group of malignancies with courses ranging from indolent to potentially lethal. We recently studied in a 157 patient cohort gene expression profiles generated by the TruSeq targeted RNA gene expression sequencing. We observed that the sequencing library quality and depth from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) skin samples were significantly lower when biopsies were obtained prior to 2009. We also observed that the fresh CTCL samples clustered together, even though they included stage I–IV disease. In this study, we compared TruSeq gene expression patterns in older (≤2008) vs. more recent (≥2009) FFPE samples to determine whether these clustering analyses and earlier described differentially expressed gene findings are robust when analyzed based on the year of biopsy. We also explored biases found in FFPE samples when subjected to the TruSeq analysis of gene expression. Our results showed that ≤2008 and ≥2009 samples clustered equally well to the full data set and, importantly, both analyses produced nearly identical trends and findings. Specifically, both analyses enriched nearly identical DEGs when comparing benign vs. (1) stage I–IV and (2) stage IV (alone) CTCL samples. Results obtained using either ≤2008 or ≥2009 samples were strongly correlated. Furthermore, by using subgroup analyses, we were able to identify additional novel differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which did not reach statistical significance in the prior full data set analysis. Those included CTCL-upregulated BCL11A, SELL, IRF1, SMAD1, CASP1, BIRC5, and MAX and CTCL-downregulated MDM4, SERPINB3, and THBS4 genes. With respect to sample biases, no matter if we performed subgroup analyses or full data set analysis, fresh samples tightly clustered together. While principal component analysis revealed that fresh samples were spatially closer together, indicating some preprocessing batch effect, they remained in the proximity to other normal/benign and FFPE CTCL samples and were not clustering as outliers by themselves. Notably, this did not affect the determination of DEGs when analyzing ≥2009 samples (fresh and FFPE biopsies) vs. ≥2009 FFPE samples alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Lefrançois
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michael T Tetzlaff
- Department of Pathology, Section of Dermatopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Linda Moreau
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Andrew K Watters
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Elena Netchiporouk
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nathalie Provost
- Division of Dermatology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Martin Gilbert
- Division of Dermatology, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Xiao Ni
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Denis Sasseville
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Madeleine Duvic
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ivan V Litvinov
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Division of Dermatology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Kiel MJ, Sahasrabuddhe AA, Rolland DCM, Velusamy T, Chung F, Schaller M, Bailey NG, Betz BL, Miranda RN, Porcu P, Byrd JC, Medeiros LJ, Kunkel SL, Bahler DW, Lim MS, Elenitoba-Johnson KSJ. Genomic analyses reveal recurrent mutations in epigenetic modifiers and the JAK-STAT pathway in Sézary syndrome. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8470. [PMID: 26415585 PMCID: PMC4598843 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sézary syndrome (SS) is an aggressive leukaemia of mature T cells with poor prognosis and limited options for targeted therapies. The comprehensive genetic alterations underlying the pathogenesis of SS are unknown. Here we integrate whole-genome sequencing (n=6), whole-exome sequencing (n=66) and array comparative genomic hybridization-based copy-number analysis (n=80) of primary SS samples. We identify previously unknown recurrent loss-of-function aberrations targeting members of the chromatin remodelling/histone modification and trithorax families, including ARID1A in which functional loss from nonsense and frameshift mutations and/or targeted deletions is observed in 40.3% of SS genomes. We also identify recurrent gain-of-function mutations targeting PLCG1 (9%) and JAK1, JAK3, STAT3 and STAT5B (JAK/STAT total ∼11%). Functional studies reveal sensitivity of JAK1-mutated primary SS cells to JAK inhibitor treatment. These results highlight the complex genomic landscape of SS and a role for inhibition of JAK/STAT pathways for the treatment of SS. Sézary syndrome is a T cell malignancy that has been poorly characterized at the genome level. In this study, Kiel et al. perform whole-genome analyses and identify mutations in the JAK–STAT pathway and show that primary cells are sensitive to JAK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Kiel
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Anagh A Sahasrabuddhe
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Delphine C M Rolland
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | | | - Fuzon Chung
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Matthew Schaller
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Nathanael G Bailey
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Bryan L Betz
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Roberto N Miranda
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Pierluigi Porcu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - John C Byrd
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - L Jeffrey Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Steven L Kunkel
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - David W Bahler
- Department of Pathology, The University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Megan S Lim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Kojo S J Elenitoba-Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Litvinov IV, Netchiporouk E, Cordeiro B, Zargham H, Pehr K, Gilbert M, Zhou Y, Moreau L, Woetmann A, Ødum N, Kupper TS, Sasseville D. Ectopic expression of embryonic stem cell and other developmental genes in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e970025. [PMID: 25941598 DOI: 10.4161/21624011.2014.970025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a potentially devastating malignancy. The pathogenesis of this cancer remains poorly elucidated. Previous studies focused on analysis of expression and function of known oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. However, emerging reports highlight that it is also important to analyze the expression of genes that are ectopically expressed in CTCL (e.g., embryonic stem cell genes (ESC), cancer testis (CT) genes, etc.). Currently, it is not known whether ESC genes are expressed in CTCL. In the current work, we analyze by RT-PCR the expression of 26 ESC genes, many of which are known to regulate pluripotency and promote cancer stem cell-like phenotype, in a historic cohort of 60 patients from Boston and in a panel of 11 patient-derived CTCL cell lines and compare such expression to benign inflammatory dermatoses that often clinically mimic CTCL. Our findings document that many critical ESC genes including NANOG, SOX2, OCT4 (POU5F1) and their upstream and downstream signaling members are expressed in CTCL. Similarly, polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) genes (i.e., EZH2, EED, and SUZ12) are also expressed in CTCL lesional skin. Furthermore, select ESC genes (OCT4, EED, TCF3, THAP11, CHD7, TIP60, TRIM28) are preferentially expressed in CTCL samples when compared to benign skin biopsies. Our work suggests that ESC genes are ectopically expressed together with CT genes, thymocyte development genes and B cell-specific genes and may be working in concert to promote tumorigenesis. Specifically, while ESC genes may be promoting cancer stem cell-like phenotype, CT genes may be contributing to aneuploidy and genomic instability by producing aberrant chromosomal translocations. Further analysis of ESC expression and function in this cancer will greatly enhance our fundamental understanding of CTCL and will help us identify novel therapeutic targets.
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Key Words
- ALCL, Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma
- BLK, B-lymphoid kinase
- C-ALCL, Cutaneous Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma
- CSC, Cancer Stem Cell
- CTCL, Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma
- DMC1, Disrupted Meiotic cDNA 1
- ESC, Embryonic Stem Cell
- EVA1, Epithelial C-like antigen 1
- MF, Mycosis Fungoides
- PBMC, Peripheral Blood Mononucleated Cells
- PLS3, Plastin-3
- PRC1, Polycomb Repressive Complex 1
- PRC2, Polycomb Repressive Complex 2
- SS, Sézary Syndrome
- SYCP1, Synaptonemal Complex Protein 1
- TOX, Thymocyte selection–associated high mobility group box
- ZFX, Zinc finger protein X-linked
- cancer testis genes
- cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL)
- embryonic stem cell genes
- mycosis fungoides (MF)
- polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2)
- sézary syndrome (SS)
- thymocyte development genes
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V Litvinov
- Division of Dermatology; McGill University Health Centre ; Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Elena Netchiporouk
- Division of Dermatology; McGill University Health Centre ; Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Brendan Cordeiro
- Division of Dermatology; McGill University Health Centre ; Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Hanieh Zargham
- Division of Dermatology; McGill University Health Centre ; Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Kevin Pehr
- Division of Dermatology; McGill University Health Centre ; Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Martin Gilbert
- Division of Dermatology; Université Laval ; Québec City, QC Canada
| | - Youwen Zhou
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science; University of British Columbia ; Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Linda Moreau
- Division of Dermatology; McGill University Health Centre ; Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Anders Woetmann
- Department of International Health, Immunology, and Microbiology; University of Copenhagen ; Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Ødum
- Department of International Health, Immunology, and Microbiology; University of Copenhagen ; Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas S Kupper
- Department of Dermatology; Harvard Skin Disease Research Center; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard University ; Boston, MA USA
| | - Denis Sasseville
- Division of Dermatology; McGill University Health Centre ; Montréal, QC Canada
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Transcriptome analysis on the inflammatory cell infiltration of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in bama minipigs induced by a long-term high-fat, high-sucrose diet. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113724. [PMID: 25415189 PMCID: PMC4240652 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term adherence to a high-fat, high-calorie diet influences human health and causes obesity, metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Inflammation plays a key role in the development of NASH; however, the mechanism of inflammation induced by over-nutrition remains largely unknown. In this study, we fed Bama minipigs a high-fat, high-sucrose diet (HFHSD) for 23 months. The pigs exhibited characteristics of metabolic syndrome and developed steatohepatitis with greatly increased numbers of inflammatory cells, such as lymphocytes (2.27-fold, P<0.05), Kupffer cells (2.59-fold, P<0.05), eosinophils (1.42-fold, P<0.05) and neutrophils (2.77-fold, P<0.05). High-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to explore the systemic transcriptome of the pig liver during inflammation. Approximately 18.2 gigabases of raw sequence data were generated, and over 303 million high-quality reads were assembled into 21,126 unigenes. RNA-seq data analysis showed that 822 genes were differentially expressed in liver (P<0.05) between the HFHSD and control groups. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that the process of inflammation involved the inflammatory signal transduction-related toll-like receptor, MAPK, and PPAR signaling pathways; the cytokine-related chemokine signaling, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and IL2, IL4, IL6, and IL12 signaling pathways; the leukocyte receptor signaling-related T cell, B cell, and natural killer cell signaling pathways; inflammatory cell migration and invasion- related pathways; and other pathways. Moreover, we identified several differentially expressed inflammation-related genes between the two groups, including FOS, JUN, TLR7, MYC, PIK3CD, VAV3, IL2RB and IL4R, that could be potential targets for further investigation. Our study suggested that long-term HFHSD induced obesity and liver inflammation, providing basic insight into the molecular mechanism of this condition and laying the groundwork for further studies on obesity and steatohepatitis.
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Mao X, Chaplin T, Young BD. Integrated genomic analysis of sézary syndrome. GENETICS RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2011; 2011:980150. [PMID: 22567373 PMCID: PMC3335609 DOI: 10.4061/2011/980150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2011] [Revised: 08/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Sézary syndrome (SS) is a rare variant of primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Little is known about the underlying pathogenesis of S. To address this issue, we used Affymetrix 10K SNP microarray to analyse 13 DNA samples isolated from 8 SS patients and qPCR with ABI TaqMan SNP genotyping assays for the validation of the SNP microarray results. In addition, we tested the impact of SNP loss of heterozygosity (LOH) identified in SS cases on the gene expression profiles of SS cases detected with Affymetrix GeneChip U133A. The results showed: (1) frequent SNP copy number change and LOH involving 1, 2p, 3, 4q, 5q, 6, 7p, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12q, 13, 14, 16q, 17, and 20, (2) reduced SNP copy number at FAT gene (4q35) in 75% of SS cases, and (3) the separation of all SS cases from normal control samples by SNP LOH gene clusters at chromosome regions of 9q31q34, 10p11q26, and 13q11q12. These findings provide some intriguing information for our current understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of this tumour and suggest the possibility of presence of functional SNP LOH in SS tumour cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Mao
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Institute of Cell and Molecular Sciences, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London E1 2AT, UK
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Deficiency of SATB1 expression in Sezary cells causes apoptosis resistance by regulating FasL/CD95L transcription. Blood 2011; 117:3826-35. [PMID: 21270445 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-07-294819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sézary syndrome (SS) is an aggressive subtype of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma that is characterized by circulating leukemic Sézary cells. The accumulation of these malignant cells has been shown to be the result of the resistance to apoptosis, in particular, activation-induced cell death. However, the mechanism of apoptosis resistance remains unknown. By characterizing the gene transcription profiles of purified CD4(+)CD7(-) Sézary cells from patients with SS and cultured Sézary cells, it was found that Sézary cells are deficient in the expression of special AT-rich region binding protein 1 (SATB1), a key regulator of T-cell development and maturation. Retrovirus-mediated gene transduction revealed that SATB1 restoration in cultured Sézary cells (Hut78) triggered spontaneous cell death and sensitized Hut78 cells to activation-induced cell death, with associated activation of caspase 8 and caspase 3. Furthermore, endogenous expression of FasL in Sézary cells was increased in transcriptional and translational levels on restoration of SATB1 expression in cultured Sézary cells. These results suggest that deficiency in SATB1 expression in Sézary cells plays an important role in SS pathogenesis by causing apoptosis resistance. Thus, restoration of SATB1 expression may represent a potential molecular targeted therapy for SS, which does not have a cure at present.
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Li J, Fan Y, Chen J, Yao KT, Huang ZX. Microarray analysis of differentially expressed genes between nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines 5-8F and 6-10B. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 196:23-30. [PMID: 19963132 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2009.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2009] [Revised: 07/14/2009] [Accepted: 08/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines 5-8F (high tumorigenic and metastatic) and 6-10B (low tumorigenic and metastatic) are subclones of SUNE1. To address their biological differences, three biologic repeats of expression microarray analysis were performed. Only 60 differently expressed genes were identified between the two cell lines. These genes were randomly distributed on all the chromosomes. Gene ontology analysis showed that most of these genes participated in cellular and metabolic processes, and the primary molecular functions of each were catalytic activity, ion binding, and protein binding. Literature mining revealed that these genes were specifically related to apoptosis, cell cycle, metastasis, chemokines, and immunoediting, but not cancer, NPC, stem cells, lymphangiogenesis, angiogenesis, inflammation, nor proliferation. In particular, 42/60 genes have established metastatic functions (P < 0.00001), while 11 out of those 42 genes formed gene networks related to metastasis (P = 0.013). Thus, the 60 genes identified by this microarray experiment most likely represent a core set of genes that comprise shared metastatic gene networks between the two cell lines and mediate their differential metastatic characteristics. Among the gene networks identified, the PTHLH gene was of particular interest. Predicted to regulate the WNT pathway through the DKK1 gene, the PTHLH gene may affect metastasis and apoptosis of NPC and merits further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Cancer Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
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Caprini E, Cristofoletti C, Arcelli D, Fadda P, Citterich MH, Sampogna F, Magrelli A, Censi F, Torreri P, Frontani M, Scala E, Picchio MC, Temperani P, Monopoli A, Lombardo GA, Taruscio D, Narducci MG, Russo G. Identification of Key Regions and Genes Important in the Pathogenesis of Sézary Syndrome by Combining Genomic and Expression Microarrays. Cancer Res 2009; 69:8438-46. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-2367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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