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Czader M, Amador C, Cook JR, Thakkar D, Parker C, Dave SS, Dogan A, Duffield AS, Nejati R, Ott G, Xiao W, Wasik M, Goodlad JR. Progression and transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma and B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia: Report from the 2021 SH/EAHP Workshop. Am J Clin Pathol 2023; 159:554-571. [PMID: 37052539 PMCID: PMC10233402 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqad027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Session 3 of the 2021 Workshop of the Society for Hematopathology/European Association for Haematopathology examined progression and transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) and B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (B-PLL). METHODS Thirty-one cases were reviewed by the panel. Additional studies such as immunohistochemistry and molecular genetic testing, including whole-exome sequencing and expression profiling, were performed in select cases. RESULTS Session 3 included 27 CLL/SLL cases and miscellaneous associated proliferations, 3 cases of B-PLL, and 1 case of small B-cell lymphoma. The criteria for -accelerated CLL/SLL are established for lymph nodes, but extranodal disease can be diagnostically challenging. Richter transformation (RT) is a broad term and includes true transformation from original CLL/SLL clone(s) and clonally unrelated neoplasms. The morphologic, immunophenotypic, and genetic spectrum is diverse with classical and highly unusual examples. T-cell proliferations can also be encountered in CLL/SLL. B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia is a rare, diagnostically challenging disease due to its overlaps with other lymphoid neoplasms. CONCLUSIONS The workshop highlighted complexity of progression and transformation in CLL/SLL and B-PLL, as well as diagnostic caveats accompanying heterogeneous presentations of RT and other manifestations of disease progression. Molecular genetic studies are pivotal for diagnosis and determination of clonal relationship, and to predict response to treatment and identify resistance to targeted therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Leukemia, Prolymphocytic, B-Cell
- Lymphoma, B-Cell
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Czader
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, US
| | - Catalina Amador
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, US
| | - James R Cook
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, US
| | - Devang Thakkar
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, US
| | | | - Sandeep S Dave
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, US
| | - Ahmet Dogan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, US
| | - Amy S Duffield
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, US
| | - Reza Nejati
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, US
| | - German Ott
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, and Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wenbin Xiao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, US
| | - Mariusz Wasik
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, US
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Derrieux C, Gish A, Caulier A, Grardel N, Garidi R, Joris M, Assouan D, Poulain S, Decool G, Ferret Y, Caillault-Venet A, Marolleau JP, Preudhomme C, Boyer T. Shared clonal IGH rearrangement in BCP-ALL occurring after CLL: pitfalls and implications for MRD monitoring. Br J Haematol 2020; 191:506-509. [PMID: 32754904 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Derrieux
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre de Biologie Pathologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Lille, Lille, France
| | - Alexandr Gish
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre de Biologie Pathologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Lille, Lille, France
| | - Alexis Caulier
- Service d'Hématologie Clinique et de Thérapie Cellulaire, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Amiens, Amiens, France.,HEMATIM, EA 4666, Université Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Nathalie Grardel
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre de Biologie Pathologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Lille, Lille, France
| | - Reda Garidi
- Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Quentin, Saint-Quentin, France
| | - Magalie Joris
- Service d'Hématologie Clinique et de Thérapie Cellulaire, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Amiens, Amiens, France
| | - Deborah Assouan
- Service d'Hématologie Clinique et de Thérapie Cellulaire, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Amiens, Amiens, France
| | - Stéphanie Poulain
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre de Biologie Pathologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Lille, Lille, France
| | - Gauthier Decool
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre de Biologie Pathologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Lille, Lille, France
| | - Yann Ferret
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Amiens, Amiens, France
| | - Aurélie Caillault-Venet
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre de Biologie Pathologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jean Pierre Marolleau
- Service d'Hématologie Clinique et de Thérapie Cellulaire, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Amiens, Amiens, France.,HEMATIM, EA 4666, Université Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Claude Preudhomme
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre de Biologie Pathologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Lille, Lille, France
| | - Thomas Boyer
- HEMATIM, EA 4666, Université Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.,Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Amiens, Amiens, France
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Sheng Y, Ji Z, Zhao H, Wang J, Cheng C, Xu W, Wang X, He Y, Liu K, Li L, Voeltzel T, Maguer-Satta V, Gao WQ, Zhu HH. Downregulation of the histone methyltransferase SETD2 promotes imatinib resistance in chronic myeloid leukaemia cells. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12611. [PMID: 31054182 PMCID: PMC6668982 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Epigenetic modifiers were important players in the development of haematological malignancies and sensitivity to therapy. Mutations of SET domain‐containing 2 (SETD2), a methyltransferase that catalyses the trimethylation of histone 3 on lysine 36 (H3K36me3), were found in various myeloid malignancies. However, the detailed mechanisms through which SETD2 confers chronic myeloid leukaemia progression and resistance to therapy targeting on BCR‐ABL remain unclear. Materials and methods The level of SETD2 in imatinib‐sensitive and imatinib‐resistant chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) cells was examined by immunoblotting and quantitative real‐time PCR. We analysed CD34+CD38− leukaemic stem cells by flow cytometry and colony formation assays upon SETD2 knockdown or overexpression. The impact of SETD2 expression alterations or small‐molecule inhibitor JIB‐04 targeting H3K36me3 loss on imatinib sensitivity was assessed by IC50, cell apoptosis and proliferation assays. Finally, RNA sequencing and ChIP‐quantitative PCR were performed to verify putative downstream targets. Results SETD2 was found to act as a tumour suppressor in CML. The novel oncogenic targets MYCN and ERG were shown to be the direct downstream targets of SETD2, where their overexpression induced by SETD2 knockdown caused imatinib insensitivity and leukaemic stem cell enrichment in CML cell lines. Treatment with JIB‐04, an inhibitor that restores H3K36me3 levels through blockade of its demethylation, successfully improved the cell imatinib sensitivity and enhanced the chemotherapeutic effect. Conclusions Our study not only emphasizes the regulatory mechanism of SETD2 in CML, but also provides promising therapeutic strategies for overcoming the imatinib resistance in patients with CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongzhong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huifang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaping Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weimin Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xin-Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuman He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaiyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Wei-Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Helen He Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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The MYCN Protein in Health and Disease. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8040113. [PMID: 28358317 PMCID: PMC5406860 DOI: 10.3390/genes8040113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MYCN is a member of the MYC family of proto-oncogenes. It encodes a transcription factor, MYCN, involved in the control of fundamental processes during embryonal development. The MYCN protein is situated downstream of several signaling pathways promoting cell growth, proliferation and metabolism of progenitor cells in different developing organs and tissues. Conversely, deregulated MYCN signaling supports the development of several different tumors, mainly with a childhood onset, including neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and Wilms’ tumor, but it is also associated with some cancers occurring during adulthood such as prostate and lung cancer. In neuroblastoma, MYCN-amplification is the most consistent genetic aberration associated with poor prognosis and treatment failure. Targeting MYCN has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of these tumors and great efforts have allowed the development of direct and indirect MYCN inhibitors with potential clinical use.
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Chakhachiro Z, Yin CC, Abruzzo LV, Aladily TN, Barron LL, Banks HE, Thomas DA, Keating M, Medeiros LJ, Huh YO. B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Report of Four Cases. Am J Clin Pathol 2015; 144:333-40. [PMID: 26185320 DOI: 10.1309/ajcpxe5vmonmvlz0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES B-lymphoblastic leukemia (B-LBL) arising in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is exceedingly rare and poorly characterized. METHODS We describe four patients with CLL and concurrent or subsequent B-LBL diagnosed by morphologic, immunophenotypic, cytogenetic, and molecular analysis and reviewed the literature. RESULTS In three patients, B-LBL followed CLL by 5 to 15 years, and in one patient, B-LBL was diagnosed simultaneously with CLL. In all cases, the CLL had a typical immunophenotype, and the B-LBL blasts showed an immature B-cell immunophenotype with expression of CD10, CD19, and TdT and absence of surface immunoglobulin. In two patients, B-LBL blasts harbored t(9;22)(q34;q11.2)/BCR-ABL1. We sequenced the IGHV genes in both CLL and B-LBL in two patients and showed that IGHV usage differed. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that at least some cases of B-LBL arising in patients with CLL are independent, secondary neoplasms rather than a manifestation of histologic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaher Chakhachiro
- Departments of Hematopathology and LeukemiaUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - C. Cameron Yin
- Departments of Hematopathology and LeukemiaUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Lynne V. Abruzzo
- Departments of Hematopathology and LeukemiaUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Tariq N. Aladily
- Departments of Hematopathology and LeukemiaUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Lynn L. Barron
- Departments of Hematopathology and LeukemiaUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Haley E. Banks
- Departments of Hematopathology and LeukemiaUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Deborah A. Thomas
- Departments of Hematopathology and LeukemiaUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Michael Keating
- Departments of Hematopathology and LeukemiaUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - L. Jeffrey Medeiros
- Departments of Hematopathology and LeukemiaUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Yang O. Huh
- Departments of Hematopathology and LeukemiaUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
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Mraz M, Stano Kozubik K, Plevova K, Musilova K, Tichy B, Borsky M, Kuglik P, Doubek M, Brychtova Y, Mayer J, Pospisilova S. The origin of deletion 22q11 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia is related to the rearrangement of immunoglobulin lambda light chain locus. Leuk Res 2013; 37:802-8. [PMID: 23608880 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2013.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The technology of array comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH/aCGH) enabled the identification of novel genomic aberrations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) including the monoallelic and biallelic deletions affecting 22q11 locus. In contrast to previous publications, we hypothesized that the described 22q11 deletions are a consequence of the rearrangement of immunoglobulin lambda light chain locus (IGL) segments surrounding several protein-coding genes located in this region. Indeed, using array-CGH and PCR analysis we show that all deletions (n=7) affecting the 22q11 locus in our cohort (n=40) are based on the physiological mechanism of IGL rearrangement. This demonstrates that this loss of genetic material is likely not pathogenic and in fact is merely a marker of IGL rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Mraz
- CEITEC, Center of Molecular Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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