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Wu X, Xu QJ, Chen PZ, Yu CB, Ye LF, Li T. Association Between CYP17A1, CYB5A Polymorphisms and Efficacy of Abiraterone Acetate/Prednisone Treatment in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Patients. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2020; 13:181-188. [PMID: 32581567 PMCID: PMC7280245 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s245086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CYP17A1, CYB5A and the efficacy of abiraterone acetate treatment in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Data were collected from 58 CRPC patients who had been treated with abiraterone acetate/prednisone (AA/P). The SNPs rs743572 and rs10883783 on CYP17A1 and SNPs rs1790834 and rs1790858 on CYB5A were assayed, and their relationship with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response in patients after AA/P treatment, overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed by logistic regression, Cox regression, Kaplan-Meier and Log rank analyses. RESULTS The SNP rs1790834 on CYB5A showed significant association with PSA response in CRPC patients treated with AA/P (P < 0.05), but rs743572, rs10883783 and rs1790858 did not. The rs1790834 variant significantly decreased both PFS and OS (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The CYB5A rs790834 genotype is a novel SNP related to CRPC and may be used as a biomarker for CRPC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wu
- Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou350001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing-Jiang Xu
- Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou350001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping-Zhou Chen
- Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou350001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen-Bo Yu
- Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou350001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lie-Fu Ye
- Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou350001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou350001, People’s Republic of China
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Kang S, Zhao Y, Liu J, Wang L, Zhao G, Chen X, Yao A, Zhang L, Zhang X, Li X. Association of Vitamin D receptor Fok I polymorphism with the risk of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:77878-77889. [PMID: 27788484 PMCID: PMC5363628 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Several previous studies have been reported to examine the association between Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene Fok I polymorphism and susceptibility to prostate cancer (PCa), however the results remain inconclusive. To provide a relatively comprehensive account of the association, we searched PubMed, Embase, CNKI, and Wanfang for eligible studies and carry out this meta-analysis. A total of 27 case-control studies with 10,486 cases and 10,400 controls were included. In the overall analysis, Fok I polymorphism was not significantly associated with the susceptibility to PCa. Subgroup analyses showed that significantly association was existed in Caucasian population, the subgroup of population-based controls and the stratified group with advanced tumor.These results indicate that the VDR Fok I polymorphism might be capable of causing PCa susceptibility and could be a promising target to forecast the PCa risk for clinical practice. However further well-designed epidemiologic studies are needed to confirm this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaosan Kang
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Yansheng Zhao
- Department of Imaging, KaiLuan General Hosptial, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Geng Zhao
- Department of Urology, KaiLuan General Hospital, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Anliang Yao
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Liguo Zhang
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Li
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan 063000, China
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Qin Z, Li X, Han P, Zheng Y, Liu H, Tang J, Yang C, Zhang J, Wang K, Qi X, Tang M, Wang W, Zhang W. Association between polymorphic CAG repeat lengths in the androgen receptor gene and susceptibility to prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e7258. [PMID: 28640128 PMCID: PMC5484236 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have been conducted to reveal the relationship between androgen receptor CAG polymorphism and risk of prostate cancer, yet the results were elusive and controversial. Thus, this meta-analysis was performed to clarify this association. METHODS To obtain the relevant available studies, online databases PubMed, Embase, and Web of science were searched until September 1st, 2016. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of such association. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on ethnicity and source of controls. Moreover, Begg's funnel plots and Egger's linear regression test were conducted to test the publication bias. RESULTS Overall, our results enrolled 51 studies indicated that significant increased risk of prostate cancer was associated with androgen receptor CAG polymorphism (OR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.67-0.89). In addition, compared with CAG repeat <20, 22, carriers of ≧20, 22 repeats had decreased risk of prostate cancer (cut-off point = 20: OR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.13-0.52; cut-off point = 22: OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.70-0.97). However, when cut-off point = 23, no significant result was detected in such association (pooled OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.63-1.24). When cut-off point is 22, the results were positive only in Asian population (OR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.32-0.89) in the subgroup analysis by ethnicity. Besides, when the studies were stratified by source of controls, the results were not significant in both the subgroup of population-based controls and hospital-based controls. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggested the carriers of short polymorphic CAG repeats might increase susceptibility to prostate cancer, which held potential as a detecting marker of the risk of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Qin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Urologic Surgery, The affiliated Cancer Hospital of Jiangsu Province of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Peng Han
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Yuxiao Zheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Hanyu Liu
- First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing
| | - Jingyuan Tang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Chengdi Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Jianzhong Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Kunpeng Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang City, Lianyungang
| | - Xiaokang Qi
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
- Department of Urology, Subei People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
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Wang K, Wu G, Li J, Song W. Role of vitamin D receptor gene Cdx2 and Apa1 polymorphisms in prostate cancer susceptibility: a meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:674. [PMID: 27553621 PMCID: PMC4995777 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2722-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms affect the risk of prostate cancer. However, studies investigating the relationship between VDR gene polymorphisms (Cdx2 and ApaI) and prostate cancer risk are equivocal. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of all the studies to review the evidence available. METHODS A comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE, and ISI Web of Science for studies published until September 2015 was conducted. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were analyzed to determine the association between VDR Cdx2 and ApaI polymorphisms, and prostate cancer risk. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 10 studies involving 4979 cases and 4380 controls to analyze the VDR Cdx2 polymorphism. An additional 11 studies involving 2837 cases and 2884 controls were analyzed for the VDR ApaI polymorphism. Evidence failed to support the role of VDR Cdx2 and ApaI polymorphisms in prostate cancer. For Cdx2, the pooled OR was 1.11 (95 % CI = 0.93-1.33) for AA vs. GG genotypes, 0.97 (95 % CI = 0.88-1.06) for GA vs. AA genotypes, 0.99 (95 % CI = 0.91-1.08) for AA + GA vs. GG, and 1.12 (95 % CI = 0.95-1.31) for AA vs. GA + GG. No significant relationship was observed in any subgroup analysis based on ethnicity, controls, and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). ORs for the ApaI polymorphism were similar. CONCLUSIONS VDR Cdx2 and ApaI polymorphisms are not associated with prostate cancer. Additional evidence is required to confirm this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Wang
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guosheng Wu
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinping Li
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wentao Song
- Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 833 Lijing Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi People’s Republic of China
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Liu M, Shi X, Yang F, Wang J, Xu Y, Wei D, Yang K, Zhang Y, Wang X, Liang S, Chen X, Sun L, Zhu X, Zhao C, Zhu L, Tang L, Zheng C, Yang Z. The Cumulative Effect of Gene-Gene and Gene-Environment Interactions on the Risk of Prostate Cancer in Chinese Men. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:162. [PMID: 26828504 PMCID: PMC4772182 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a multifactorial disease involving complex genetic and environmental factors interactions. Gene-gene and gene-environment interactions associated with PCa in Chinese men are less studied. We explored the association between 36 SNPs and PCa in 574 subjects from northern China. Body mass index (BMI), smoking, and alcohol consumption were determined through self-administered questionnaires in 134 PCa patients. Then gene-gene and gene-environment interactions among the PCa-associated SNPs were analyzed using the generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) and logistic regression methods. Allelic and genotypic association analyses showed that six variants were associated with PCa and the cumulative effect suggested men who carried any combination of 1, 2, or ≥3 risk genotypes had a gradually increased PCa risk (odds ratios (ORs) = 1.79–4.41). GMDR analysis identified the best gene-gene interaction model with scores of 10 for both the cross-validation consistency and sign tests. For gene-environment interactions, rs6983561 CC and rs16901966 GG in individuals with a BMI ≥ 28 had ORs of 7.66 (p = 0.032) and 5.33 (p = 0.046), respectively. rs7679673 CC + CA and rs12653946 TT in individuals that smoked had ORs of 2.77 (p = 0.007) and 3.11 (p = 0.024), respectively. rs7679673 CC in individuals that consumed alcohol had an OR of 4.37 (p = 0.041). These results suggest that polymorphisms, either individually or by interacting with other genes or environmental factors, contribute to an increased risk of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China.
| | - Xiaohong Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Fan Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100730, China.
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China.
| | - Jianye Wang
- Department of Urology and Beijing Hospital, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China.
| | - Dong Wei
- Department of Urology and Beijing Hospital, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Kuo Yang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China.
| | - Yaoguang Zhang
- Department of Urology and Beijing Hospital, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Urology and Beijing Hospital, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Siying Liang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Urology and Beijing Hospital, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Liang Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Xiaoquan Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Chengxiao Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Ling Zhu
- Medical Examination Centre, Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Lei Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Chenguang Zheng
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Women and Children Care Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530003, China.
| | - Ze Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100730, China.
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7
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Sissung TM, Price DK, Del Re M, Ley AM, Giovannetti E, Figg WD, Danesi R. Genetic variation: effect on prostate cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2014; 1846:446-56. [PMID: 25199985 PMCID: PMC4260983 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The crucial role of androgens in the development of prostate cancer is well established. The aim of this review is to examine the role of constitutional (germline) and tumor-specific (somatic) polymorphisms within important regulatory genes of prostate cancer. These include genes encoding enzymes of the androgen biosynthetic pathway, the androgen receptor gene, genes that encode proteins of the signal transduction pathways that may have a role in disease progression and survival, and genes involved in prostate cancer angiogenesis. Characterization of deregulated pathways critical to cancer cell growth have lead to the development of new treatments, including the CYP17 inhibitor abiraterone and clinical trials using novel drugs that are ongoing or recently completed [1]. The pharmacogenetics of the drugs used to treat prostate cancer will also be addressed. This review will define how germline polymorphisms are known affect a multitude of pathways, and therefore phenotypes, in prostate cancer etiology, progression, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan M Sissung
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Douglas K Price
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marzia Del Re
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Ariel M Ley
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - William D Figg
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Romano Danesi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
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Quantitative assessment of the association between CYP17 rs743572 polymorphism and prostate cancer risk. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 71:983-91. [PMID: 25323563 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0297-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Published data on the association between CYP17 rs743572 polymorphism and risk of PC showed inconclusive results. The aim of this study was to further estimate the pooled effect size of rs743572 polymorphism and PC progression via large-scale meta-analysis. We searched the case-control studies of rs743572 polymorphism and PC risk in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases up to February 2014. Odds ratios (ORs) along with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled by means of both fixed effects model and random effects model. A total of 38 publications consisting of 42 studies with 15,735 cases and 17,825 controls were included in this meta-analysis. Overall, no significant association was found between rs743572 polymorphism and PC risk. Stratified analyses by control source and sample size did not provide significant results. However, there was a borderline association in African population under A2A2 versus A1A2 + A1A1 genetic model (OR = 1.39, 95 % CI: 1.01-1.92, P = 0.975, I (2) = 0.0 %). Results from the current meta-analysis suggested that CYP17 rs743572 polymorphism might modify the risk of PC in the subjects of African decent.
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SUN JUNHYUN, LEE SANGAH. Association between CAG repeat polymorphisms and the risk of prostate cancer: A meta-analysis by race, study design and the number of (CAG)n repeat polymorphisms. Int J Mol Med 2013; 32:1195-203. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Ricks-Santi LJ, Apprey V, Mason T, Wilson B, Abbas M, Hernandez W, Hooker S, Doura M, Bonney G, Dunston G, Kittles R, Ahaghotu C. Identification of genetic risk associated with prostate cancer using ancestry informative markers. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2012; 15:359-64. [PMID: 22801071 PMCID: PMC4291058 DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2012.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common malignancy and a leading cause of cancer death among men in the United States with African-American (AA) men having the highest incidence and mortality rates. Given recent results from admixture mapping and genome-wide association studies for PCa in AA men, it is clear that many risk alleles are enriched in men with West African genetic ancestry. METHODS A total of 77 ancestry informative markers (AIMs) within surrounding candidate gene regions were genotyped and haplotyped using Pyrosequencing in 358 unrelated men enrolled in a PCa genetic association study at the Howard University Hospital between 2000 and 2004. Sequence analysis of promoter region single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to evaluate disruption of transcription factor-binding sites was conducted using in silico methods. RESULTS Eight AIMs were significantly associated with PCa risk after adjusting for age and West African ancestry. SNP rs1993973 (intervening sequences) had the strongest association with PCa using the log-additive genetic model (P=0.002). SNPs rs1561131 (genotypic, P=0.007), rs1963562 (dominant, P=0.01) and rs615382 (recessive, P=0.009) remained highly significant after adjusting for both age and ancestry. We also tested the independent effect of each significantly associated SNP and rs1561131 (P=0.04) and rs1963562 (P=0.04) remained significantly associated with PCa development. After multiple comparisons testing using the false discovery rate, rs1993973 remained significant. Analysis of the rs156113-, rs1963562-rs615382l and rs1993973-rs585224 haplotypes revealed that the least frequently found haplotypes in this population were significantly associated with a decreased risk of PCa (P=0.032 and 0.0017, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The approach for SNP selection utilized herein showed that AIMs may not only leverage increased linkage disequilibrium in populations to identify risk and protective alleles, but may also be informative in dissecting the biology of PCa and other health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Ricks-Santi
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20060, USA.
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Schleutker J. Polymorphisms in androgen signaling pathway predisposing to prostate cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 360:25-37. [PMID: 21782882 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most frequent male malignancy diagnosed in western countries and androgens are known to mediate key physiological processes in prostate tissue. Since endogenous androgens have long been considered to be risk factors for prostate cancer, genes involved in androgen biosynthesis and metabolism have been extensively studied. In this review, association of androgen pathway genes, their polymorphic sites and risk of prostate cancer in different ethnic backgrounds is addressed together with their use to predict susceptibility and clinical outcomes of prostate cancer patients. The effect of the polymorphisms seems vary in different patients, populations and ethnic backgrounds. To date it is evident that the association between androgen pathway gene polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk is complex and many of the results are characterized by irreproducibility, which can be attributed to a variety of biological, statistical and technical reasons. In the future, with increasing knowledge, developing technologies and new genomic biomarkers it likely becomes possible to better estimate the risk of prostate cancer, and distinguish indolent disease from aggressive based on molecular profiling, and the analysis of gene-gene and gene-environment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Schleutker
- Institute of Biomedical Technology, University of Tampere, and Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 8, 33520 Tampere, Finland.
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12
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Donkena KV, Young CYF. Vitamin d, sunlight and prostate cancer risk. Adv Prev Med 2011; 2011:281863. [PMID: 21991434 PMCID: PMC3170721 DOI: 10.4061/2011/281863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second common cancer in men worldwide. The prevention of prostate cancer remains a challenge to researchers and clinicians. Here, we review the relationship of vitamin D and sunlight to prostate cancer risk. Ultraviolet radiation of the sunlight is the main stimulator for vitamin D production in humans. Vitamin D's antiprostate cancer activities may be involved in the actions through the pathways mediated by vitamin D metabolites, vitamin D metabolizing enzymes, vitamin D receptor (VDR), and VDR-regulated genes. Although laboratory studies including the use of animal models have shown that vitamin D has antiprostate cancer properties, whether it can effectively prevent the development and/or progression of prostate cancer in humans remains to be inconclusive and an intensively studied subject. This review will provide up-to-date information regarding the recent outcomes of laboratory and epidemiology studies on the effects of vitamin D on prostate cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Vanaja Donkena
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Charles Y. F. Young
- Departments of Urology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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