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Luo G, Zhou Y, Yi W, Yi H. Expression levels of JNK associated with polymorphic lactotransferrin haplotypes in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:1085-1094. [PMID: 27446399 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactotransferrin (LTF), a member of the transferrin family, serves a role in the innate immune response and is involved in anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-tumor activity. Alterations in the LTF gene are associated with an increased incidence of cancer. The LTF gene is polymorphic, and several common alleles may be observed in the general population. Our previous study identified a lower rate of occurrence of the 'A-G-G-T' haplotype (constructed with rs1126477, rs1126478, rs2073495 and rs9110) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients compared with controls. In the present study, in order to elucidate a possible mechanism of LTF-mediated anti-tumor activity in NPC, the protein profiles of NPC and non-tumorous nasopharyngeal epithelium tissues with/without the 'A-G-G-T' haplotype were constructed using LTQ Orbitrap technology. The results revealed that c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2 (JNK2) was highly expressed in NPC tissues and non-tumor nasopharyngeal epithelium tissues without the 'A-G-G-T' haplotype. These results were confirmed by western blot analysis. Furthermore, microRNA (miRNA) microarray analysis was conducted to investigate the differential miRNA profiles of NPC and non-tumor nasopharyngeal epithelium tissues with/without the 'A-G-G-T' haplotype. It was observed that hsa-miR-1256 and hsa-miR-659, which are potentially targeted to the JNK2 gene, were downregulated in NPC tissues without the 'A-G-G-T' haplotype. Hsa-miR-298, another miRNA potentially targeted to the JNK2 gene, was downregulated in non-tumor nasopharyngeal epithelium tissues without the 'A-G-G-T' haplotype. In summary, these results suggested that the expression levels of JNK2 may be associated with polymorphic LTF haplotypes in human NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengqiu Luo
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Wei Yi
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Hong Yi
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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PABA/NO lead optimization: Improved targeting of cytotoxicity to glutathione S-transferase P1-overexpressing cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:4980-4988. [PMID: 26043946 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PABA/NO [O(2)-{2,4-dinitro-5-[4-(N-methylamino)benzoyloxy]phenyl} 1-(N,N-dimethylamino) diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate] is a nitric oxide (NO)-releasing arylating agent designed to be selectively activated by reaction with glutathione (GSH) on catalysis by glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1), an enzyme frequently overexpressed in cancer cells. PABA/NO has proven active in several cancer models in vitro and in vivo, but its tendency to be metabolized via a variety of pathways, some that generate inactive metabolites and hydrolysis products, limits its potential as a drug. Here we show that a simple replacement of cyano for nitro at the 4 position to give compound 4b ('p-cyano-PABA/NO') has the dual effect of slowing the undesired side reactions while enhancing the proportion of NO release and arylating activity on catalysis by GSTP1. Compound 4b showed increased resistance to hydrolysis and uncatalyzed reaction with GSH, along with a more favorable product distribution in the presence of GSTP1. It also showed significant proapoptotic activity. The data suggest p-cyano-PABA/NO to be a more promising prodrug than PABA/NO, with better selectivity toward cancer cells.
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Weich N, Nuñez MC, Galimberti G, Elena G, Acevedo S, Larripa I, Fundia AF. Polymorphic variants of GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 genes in childhood acute leukemias: A preliminary study in Argentina. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 20:511-6. [PMID: 25799091 DOI: 10.1179/1607845415y.0000000007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Despite recent major advances in leukemia research, the etiopathogenesis of childhood leukemias remains far elusive. Individual predisposing factors, including polymorphisms in detoxification enzymes, have been implicated in the molecular pathogenesis and heterogeneity of the disease. Genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) that alter enzyme activity could be an additional factor that increases the risk of acute leukemia, but data are lacking in Argentina. We assessed the association of GST polymorphisms and the susceptibility to childhood leukemia in Argentina by conducting an exploratory case-control study and correlated patients' genotype to clinical and biological features. METHODS Deletion polymorphisms in GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes and the single nucleotide polymorphism in GSTP1 c.313A>G (rs1695; p.105Ile>Val) were genotyped by PCR-RFLP in 36 patients and 133 healthy individuals. RESULTS GSTM1-null genotype was associated with a lower risk of developing acute leukemia (P = 0.013; OR: 0.31; CI: 0.12-0.80), while GSTP1-GG variants displayed an increased risk (P = 0.01; OR: 3.9; CI: 1.85-8.2). However, no differences were found for GSTT1 gene. Conclusion These preliminary results, to be validated in a larger population from Argentina, suggest that the development of pediatric leukemia may be differentially influenced by polymorphic variants in GST genes.
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Abstract
The debut of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (Btz; Velcade®) radically and immediately improved the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), an incurable malignancy of the plasma cell. Therapeutic resistance is unavoidable, however, and represents a major obstacle to maximizing the clinical potential of the drug. To address this challenge, studies have been conducted to uncover the molecular mechanisms driving Btz resistance and to discover new targeted therapeutic strategies and combinations that restore Btz activity. This review discusses the literature describing molecular adaptations that confer Btz resistance with a primary disease focus on MM. Also discussed are the most recent advances in therapeutic strategies that overcome resistance, approaches that include redox-modulating agents, murine double minute 2 inhibitors, therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, and new epigenetic-targeted drugs like bromodomain and extra terminal domain inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan G Dolloff
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
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Bai J, He A, Huang C, Yang J, Zhang W, Wang J, Yang Y, Zhang P, Zhang Y, Zhou F. Serum peptidome based biomarkers searching for monitoring minimal residual disease in adult acute lymphocytic leukemia. Proteome Sci 2014; 12:49. [PMID: 25317080 PMCID: PMC4195909 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-014-0049-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The persistence of minimal residual disease (MRD) during therapy is the strongest adverse prognostic factor in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). This study was to identify serum candidate peptides for monitoring MRD in adult ALL. RESULTS A total of 33 peptides in the molecular weight range of 1000-10000 Da were detected using ClinProt system and statistically different between adult patients with ALL and healthy controls. Quick classifier (QC) algorithm was used to obtain a diagnostic model consisting of five peptides that could discriminate patients with ALL from controls with a high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (96.67%). The peptides in the QC model were identified as fibrinogen alpha chain (FGA), glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1), isoform 1 of fibrinogen alpha chain precursor, platelet factor 4 (PF4) by high pressure/performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. Relative intensities of the five peptides were compared among ALL different groups for the potential importance of MRD evaluation in ALL. The peptides with increased relative intensities in newly diagnosed (ND) ALL patients were found to be decreased in their relative intensities after complete remission (CR) of adult ALL. When ALL patients were refractory & relapsed (RR), relative intensities of the peptides were elevated again. Peptides with decreased relative intensities in ND and RR ALL patients were found to be increased in their relative intensities when ALL patients achieved CR. The findings were validated by ELISA and western blot. Further linear regression analyses were performed to eliminate the influence of platelet and white blood cell counts on serum protein contents and indicated that there were no correlations between the contents of all four proteins (PF4, connective tissue active peptide III, FGA and GSTP1) and white blood cell or platelet counts in ALL different groups and healthy control. CONCLUSIONS We speculate the five peptides, FGA, isoform 1 of fibrinogen alpha chain precursor, GSTP1, PF4 and connective tissue active peptide III would be potential biomarkers for forecasting relapse, monitoring MRD and evaluating therapeutic response in adult ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Bai
- />Department of Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710004 Shaanxi Province China
| | - Aili He
- />Department of Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710004 Shaanxi Province China
| | - Chen Huang
- />Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Medical school of Xi’an Jiaotong University/Key Laboratory of Environment and Disease-Related Gene, Ministry of Education, Xi’an, 710061 Shaanxi China
| | - Juan Yang
- />Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Medical school of Xi’an Jiaotong University/Key Laboratory of Environment and Disease-Related Gene, Ministry of Education, Xi’an, 710061 Shaanxi China
| | - Wanggang Zhang
- />Department of Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710004 Shaanxi Province China
| | - Jianli Wang
- />Department of Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710004 Shaanxi Province China
| | - Yun Yang
- />Department of Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710004 Shaanxi Province China
| | - Pengyu Zhang
- />Department of Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710004 Shaanxi Province China
| | - Yang Zhang
- />Department of Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710004 Shaanxi Province China
| | - Fuling Zhou
- />Department of Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710004 Shaanxi Province China
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Fundia AF, Weich N, Crivelli A, La Motta G, Larripa IB, Slavutsky I. Glutathione S-transferase gene polymorphisms in celiac disease and their correlation with genomic instability phenotype. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2014; 38:379-84. [PMID: 24565472 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Genomic instability and reduced glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity have been identified as potential risk factors for malignant complications in celiac disease (CD). In this study, we assessed the possible influence of GST polymorphisms on genome instability phenotypes in a genetically characterised group of celiac patients from previous studies. METHODS The deletion polymorphisms in GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes and the single-nucleotide polymorphism GSTP1 c.313A>G were genotyped using PCR in a set of 20 untreated adult patients with a known genomic instability phenotype and 69 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals. RESULTS The frequencies of variant genotypes in patients were GSTM1-null (30%), GSTT1-null (5%), GSTP1-AG (60%) and GSTP1-GG (15%), and they showed no differences from controls. No significant differences were found in the genotype distribution based on telomere length. Cases with GSTM1-null genotype (83%) and microsatellite stability were more frequent than those with genomic instability. Moreover, carriers of GSTP1-variant genotype (73%) and stable phenotype were significantly increased compared to unstable patients (27%) (P=0.031). No differences were found according to the clinical-pathological characteristics of celiac cases. CONCLUSIONS No association between GST polymorphic variants and celiac-associated genomic instability was proven in our cohort. Future studies should explore the usefulness of other biomarkers to distinguish celiac patients who are susceptible to cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariela F Fundia
- Laboratorio de Genética Hematológica, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX), CONICET/ANM, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Pacheco de Melo 3081, Buenos Aires C1425AUM, Capital Federal, Argentina.
| | - Natalia Weich
- Laboratorio de Genética Hematológica, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX), CONICET/ANM, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Pacheco de Melo 3081, Buenos Aires C1425AUM, Capital Federal, Argentina
| | - Adriana Crivelli
- Servicio de Soporte Nutricional y Malabsorción, Hospital San Martín, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Graciela La Motta
- Servicio de Soporte Nutricional y Malabsorción, Hospital San Martín, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Irene B Larripa
- Laboratorio de Genética Hematológica, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX), CONICET/ANM, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Pacheco de Melo 3081, Buenos Aires C1425AUM, Capital Federal, Argentina
| | - Irma Slavutsky
- Laboratorio de Genética de Neoplasias Linfoides, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX), CONICET/ANM, Buenos Aires C1425AUM, Argentina
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