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Martínez CF, Di Castelnuovo A, Costanzo S, Panzera T, Esposito S, Cerletti C, Donati MB, de Gaetano G, Iacoviello L, Bonaccio M. Pro-Vegetarian Food Patterns and Cancer Risk among Italians from the Moli-Sani Study Cohort. Nutrients 2023; 15:3976. [PMID: 37764762 PMCID: PMC10535500 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides the Mediterranean diet, there is a paucity of studies examining plant-based diets in relation to cancer outcomes in Mediterranean populations. We analyzed 22,081 apparently cancer-free participants (mean age 55 ± 12 year) from the Moli-sani study (enrollment period 2005-2010; Italy). A general pro-vegetarian food pattern was computed by assigning positive or negative scores to plant- or animal-derived foods, respectively from a 188-item FFQ. A priori healthful or unhealthful pro-vegetarian food patterns distinguished between healthy plant foods (e.g., fruits, vegetables) and less-healthy plant foods (e.g., fruit juices, refined grains). Cancer incidence was defined as the earliest diagnosis of cancer from hospital discharge records over a median follow-up of 12.9 years. In multivariable-adjusted analyses, a general pro-vegetarian food pattern was associated with a lower rate of cancer incidence (HR = 0.85; 95%CI 0.75-0.97 for Q5 vs. Q1); no association was observed between the healthful or unhealthful pro-vegetarian food patterns and overall cancer incidence. A healthful pro-vegetarian pattern, however, was inversely associated with digestive cancer (HR = 0.76; 95%CI 0.58-0.99 for Q5 vs. Q1), while the unhealthful pro-vegetarian pattern was directly linked to respiratory cancer (HR = 1.68; 95%CI 1.06-2.68 for Q5 vs. Q1). Our findings in a Mediterranean population support the hypothesis that some, but not all pro-vegetarian diets, might prevent some cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Francisca Martínez
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (C.F.M.); (S.C.); (T.P.); (S.E.); (C.C.); (M.B.D.); (G.d.G.); (M.B.)
- Population Health Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico
| | | | - Simona Costanzo
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (C.F.M.); (S.C.); (T.P.); (S.E.); (C.C.); (M.B.D.); (G.d.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Teresa Panzera
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (C.F.M.); (S.C.); (T.P.); (S.E.); (C.C.); (M.B.D.); (G.d.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Simona Esposito
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (C.F.M.); (S.C.); (T.P.); (S.E.); (C.C.); (M.B.D.); (G.d.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Chiara Cerletti
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (C.F.M.); (S.C.); (T.P.); (S.E.); (C.C.); (M.B.D.); (G.d.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Maria Benedetta Donati
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (C.F.M.); (S.C.); (T.P.); (S.E.); (C.C.); (M.B.D.); (G.d.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Giovanni de Gaetano
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (C.F.M.); (S.C.); (T.P.); (S.E.); (C.C.); (M.B.D.); (G.d.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Licia Iacoviello
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (C.F.M.); (S.C.); (T.P.); (S.E.); (C.C.); (M.B.D.); (G.d.G.); (M.B.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Marialaura Bonaccio
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (C.F.M.); (S.C.); (T.P.); (S.E.); (C.C.); (M.B.D.); (G.d.G.); (M.B.)
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Du H, Zhang T, Lu X, Chen M, Li X, Li Z. Glycemic index, glycemic load, and lung cancer risk: A meta-analysis of cohort and case-control studies. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273943. [PMID: 36048786 PMCID: PMC9436153 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective
Glycemic index (GI) or glycemic load (GL) has been investigated in the field of cancer research for several years. However, the relationship between GI or GL and lung cancer risk remains inconsistent. Therefore, this study aimed to summarize previous findings on this relationship.
Methods
PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science databases, and Cochrane Library were searched by July 2021. This review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. A fixed or random-effects model was adopted for meta-analysis to compute the pooled relative risks (RR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses, sensitivity analyses, and publication bias analyses were also performed.
Results
In total, nine articles were included, with four case-control studies and five cohort studies, including 17,019 cases and 786,479 controls. After merging the studies, pooled multivariable RRs of lung cancer based on the highest versus the lowest intake were 1.14 (95%CI: 1.03–1.26) and 0.93 (95%CI: 0.84–1.02) for GI and GL. Results persisted in most stratifications after stratifying by potential confounders in the relationship between GI and lung cancer risk. There was a non-linear dose response relation for GI with lung caner risk.
Conclusion
GI typically has a positive relationship with lung cancer risk. However, no associations between GL and lung cancer risk were observed based on current evidence, suggesting that this issue should be studied and verified further to substantiate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhen Du
- Department of Nutrition, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tianfeng Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xuning Lu
- Department of Nutrition, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Meicui Chen
- Department of Nutrition, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Department of Nutrition, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zengning Li
- Department of Nutrition, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
- * E-mail:
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Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load intake, and risk of lung cancer: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Nutrition 2022; 99-100:111676. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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