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Roy J, Das B, Jain N, Mallick B. PIWI‐interacting RNA 39980 promotes tumor progression and reduces drug sensitivity in neuroblastoma cells. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:2286-2299. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Roy
- Department of Life Science, RNAi and Functional Genomics Lab National Institute of Technology Rourkela Rourkela Odisha India
| | - Basudeb Das
- Department of Life Science, RNAi and Functional Genomics Lab National Institute of Technology Rourkela Rourkela Odisha India
| | - Neha Jain
- Department of Life Science, RNAi and Functional Genomics Lab National Institute of Technology Rourkela Rourkela Odisha India
| | - Bibekanand Mallick
- Department of Life Science, RNAi and Functional Genomics Lab National Institute of Technology Rourkela Rourkela Odisha India
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Ayers D, Mestdagh P, Van Maerken T, Vandesompele J. Identification of miRNAs contributing to neuroblastoma chemoresistance. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2015; 13:307-19. [PMID: 25973145 PMCID: PMC4427660 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in exacerbating drug resistance of tumours is recently being highlighted as a crucial research field for future clinical management of drug resistant tumours. The purpose of this study was to identify dys-regulations in expression of individual and/or networks of miRNAs that may have direct effect on neuroblastoma (NB) drug resistance. METHODS Individual subcultures of chemosensitive SH-SY5Y and UKF-NB-3 cells were rendered chemoresistant to doxorubicin (SH-SY5Y, UKF-NB-3) or etoposide (SH-SY5Y). In each validated chemoresistance model, the parental and subcultured cell lines were analysed for miRNA expression profiling, using a high-throughput quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) miRNA profiling platform for a total of 668 miRNAs. RESULTS A unique expression signature of miRNAs was found to be differentially expressed (higher than 2-fold change) within all three NB chemoresistance models. Four miRNAs were upregulated in the subcultured chemoresistant cell line. Three miRNAs were found to be downregulated in the chemoresistant cell lines for all models. CONCLUSIONS Based on the initial miRNA findings, this study elucidates the dys-regulation of four miRNAs in three separate NB chemoresistant cell line models, spanning two cell lines (SH-SY5Y and UKF-NB-3) and two chemotherapeutic agents (doxorubicin and etoposide). These miRNAs may thus be possibly linked to chemoresistance induction in NB. Such miRNAs are good candidates to be novel drug targets for future miRNA based therapies against aggressive tumours that are not responding to conventional chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan Ayers
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta ; Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Pieter Mestdagh
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Van Maerken
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jo Vandesompele
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Fung W, Hasan MY, Loh AHP, Chua JHY, Yong MH, Knight L, Hwang WS, Chan MY, Seow WT, Jacobsen AS, Chui CH, Seow WT, Tew SW, Jacobsen AS, Chui CH, Hon CC. Gene expression of TRK neurotrophin receptors in advanced neuroblastomas in Singapore--a pilot study. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2011; 28:571-8. [PMID: 21728718 DOI: 10.3109/08880018.2011.575443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The clinical hallmark of neuroblastoma is heterogeneity. Biologically, ploidy and N-Myc amplification are currently the only 2 features used to define risk group and to determine therapy. Tyrosine kinase neurotrophin receptors (Trks, including TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC) are important in the clinical and biological behavior of neuroblastomas. The authors aim to study Trks gene expression in their local population of advanced neuroblastoma patients. Multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay on the expression of TrkA, TrkB, TrkB-truncated, and TrkC was performed on a total of 19 advanced neuroblastoma archival tumors, diagnosed in KK Women's and Children's Hospital between 2003 and 2007. Of the 19 tumors investigated, Trks expression was present in 14 (73.6%) cases. Of these cases, 8 (42.1%), 10 (52.6%), 7 (36.8%), and 6 (31.6%) expressed TrkA, TrkB, TrkB-truncated, and TrkC receptor mRNAs, respectively. Subsequently, the authors compared Trks expression with N-Myc amplification status of the 19 patients. N-Myc was amplified in 5 (26.3%) of the cases. Within the non-N-Myc-amplified group, Trks expression was present in 9 (64%) of the 14 cases. The significant expression of Trk isoforms among advanced neuroblastoma cases as evident from this study support their role as possible risk assessment tools alongside N-Myc amplification status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winnie Fung
- Division of Surgery, KKWomen’s and Children’s Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore.
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Kapeli K, Hurlin PJ. Differential regulation of N-Myc and c-Myc synthesis, degradation, and transcriptional activity by the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:38498-38508. [PMID: 21908617 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.276675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myc transcription factors are important regulators of proliferation and can promote oncogenesis when deregulated. Deregulated Myc expression in cancers can result from MYC gene amplification and translocation but also from alterations in mitogenic signaling pathways that affect Myc levels through both transcriptional and post-transcription mechanisms. For example, mutations in Ras family GTPase proteins that cause their constitutive activation can increase cellular levels of c-Myc by interfering with its rapid proteasomal degradation. Although enhanced protein stability is generally thought to be applicable to other Myc family members, here we show that c-Myc and its paralog N-Myc respond to oncogenic H-Ras (H-Ras(G12V)) in very different ways. H-Ras(G12V) promotes accumulation of both c-Myc and N-Myc, but although c-Myc accumulation is achieved by enhanced protein stability, N-Myc accumulation is associated with an accelerated rate of translation that overcomes a surprising H-Ras(G12V)-mediated destabilization of N-Myc. We show that H-Ras(G12V)-mediated degradation of N-Myc functions independently of key phosphorylation sites in the highly conserved Myc homology box I region that controls c-Myc protein stability by oncogenic Ras. Finally, we found that N-Myc and c-Myc transcriptional activity is associated with their proteasomal degradation but that N-Myc may be uniquely dependent on Ras-stimulated proteolysis for target gene expression. Taken together, these studies provide mechanistic insight into how oncogenic Ras augments N-Myc levels in cells and suggest that enhanced N-Myc translation and degradation-coupled transactivation may contribute to oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katannya Kapeli
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Peter J Hurlin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Shriners Hospital for Children, Portland, Oregon 97239.
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Identification of therapy-sensitive and therapy-resistant neuroblastoma subtypes in stages III, IVs and IV. Cancer Lett 2011; 306:27-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2010] [Revised: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Lin RJ, Lin YC, Chen J, Kuo HH, Chen YY, Diccianni MB, London WB, Chang CH, Yu AL. microRNA signature and expression of Dicer and Drosha can predict prognosis and delineate risk groups in neuroblastoma. Cancer Res 2010; 70:7841-50. [PMID: 20805302 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-0970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a common childhood tumor and accounts for 15% of pediatric cancer deaths. To investigate the microRNA (miRNA) profile and role of Dicer and Drosha in neuroblastoma, we assessed the expression of 162 human miRNAs, Dicer and Drosha in 66 neuroblastoma tumors by using real-time PCR methods. We found global downregulation of miRNA expression in advanced neuroblastoma and identified 27 miRNAs that can clearly distinguish low- from high-risk patients. Furthermore, expression levels of Dicer or Drosha were low in high-risk neuroblastoma tumors, which accounted for global downregulation of miRNAs in advanced disease and correlated with poor outcome. Notably, for patients with non-MYCN-amplified tumors, low expression of Dicer can serve as a significant and independent predictor of poor outcome (hazard ratio, 9.6; P = 0.045; n = 52). Using plausible neural networks to select a combination of 15 biomarkers that consist of 12 miRNAs' signature, expression levels of Dicer and Drosha, and age at diagnosis, we were able to segregate all patients into four distinct patterns that were highly predictive of clinical outcome. In vitro studies also showed that knockdown of either Dicer or Drosha promoted the growth of neuroblastoma cell lines. Our results reveal that a combination of 15 biomarkers can delineate risk groups of neuroblastoma and serve as a powerful predictor of clinical outcome. Moreover, our findings of growth promotion by silencing Dicer/Drosha implied their potential use as therapeutic targets for neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruey-Jen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, and Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Logan JA, Kelly ME, Ayers D, Shipillis N, Baier G, Day PJR. Systems biology and modeling in neuroblastoma: practicalities and perspectives. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2010; 10:131-45. [PMID: 20214533 DOI: 10.1586/erm.10.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a common pediatric malignancy characterized by clinical and biological heterogeneity. A host of prognostic markers are available, contributing to accurate risk stratification and appropriate treatment allocation. Unfortunately, outcome is still poor for many patients, indicating the need for a new approach with enhanced utilization of the available biological data. Systems biology is a holistic approach in which all components of a biological system carry equal importance. Systems biology uses mathematical modeling and simulation to investigate dynamic interactions between system components, as a means of explaining overall system behavior. Systems biology can benefit the biomedical sciences by providing a more complete understanding of human disease, enhancing the development of targeted therapeutics. Systems biology is largely contiguous with current approaches in NB, which already employ an integrative and pseudo-holistic approach to disease management. Systems modeling of NB offers an optimal method for continuing progression in this field, and conferring additional benefit to current risk stratification and management. Likewise, NB provides an opportunity for systems biology to prove its utility in the context of human disease, since the biology of NB is comprehensively characterized and, therefore, suited to modeling. The purpose of this review is to outline the benefits, challenges and fundamental workings of systems modeling in human disease, using a specific example of bottom-up modeling in NB. The intention is to demonstrate practical requirements to begin bridging the gap between biological research and applied mathematical approaches for the mutual gain of both fields, and with additional benefits for clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Logan
- Quantitative Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
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Yanagisawa T, Bartels U, Bouffet E. Role of prognostic factors in the management of pediatric solid tumors. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008; 1138:32-42. [PMID: 18837880 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1414.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The importance of prognostic factors in predicting outcome in pediatric oncology is largely recognized, and most current protocols tailor treatment based on risk stratification. Further refinements of classical staging systems are ongoing, and the future of pediatric oncology is in the development of strategies based on individual tumor characteristics. This review details significant advances in our understanding of prognostic factors in the most common pediatric solid tumors and potential applications for clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Yanagisawa
- Division of Paediatric Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neuro-Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
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Immunotherapy of human neuroblastoma using umbilical cord blood-derived effector cells. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2006; 2:202-12. [PMID: 18040845 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-006-9038-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2006] [Accepted: 08/10/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Tumors of the nervous system, including neuroblastoma and glioblastoma, are difficult to treat with current therapies. Despite the advances in cancer therapeutics, the outcomes in these patients remain poor and, therefore, new modalities are required. Recent literature demonstrates that cytotoxic effector cells can effectively kill tumors of the nervous system. In addition, we have previously shown that umbilical cord blood (UCB) contains precursors of antitumor cytotoxic effector cells. Therefore, to evaluate the antitumor potential of UCB-derived effector cells, studies were designed to compare the in vitro and in vivo antitumor effects of UCB- and peripheral blood (PB)-derived antigen-nonspecific and antigen-specific effector cells against tumors of the nervous system. Mononuclear cells (MNCs) from UCB were used to generate both interleukin-2 (IL-2)-activated killer (LAK) cells and tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). UCB-derived LAK cells showed a significant in vitro cytotoxicity against IMR-32, SK-NMC, and U-87 human neuroblastoma and glioblastoma, respectively. In addition, the CTLs generated using dendritic cells primed with IMR-32 tumor cell lysate showed a selective cytotoxicity in vitro against IMR-32 cells, but not against U-87 or MDA-231 cells. Furthermore, treatment of SCID mice bearing IMR-32 neuroblastoma with tumor-specific CTLs resulted in a significant (p < 0.01) inhibition of tumor growth and increased overall survival. Thus, these results demonstrate the potential of UCB-derived effector cells against human neuroblastoma and warrant further preclinical studies.
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